Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea Americana) Terhadap Kadar Malondialdehida (MDA) Jaringan Hepar Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Tinggi

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
YUNITA SURYA PRATIWI ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Peel Extract

<p>Administration of high-dose paracetamol may increase metabolic pathways that produce N-acetyl-p-benzoquinonimine (NAPQI). NAPQI is reactive substance, resulting in hepatic tissue damage and increase liver MDA level. Avocado peel extract contains flavonoids that act as antioxidants so it is expected may decrease liver MDA level of high-dose paracetamol administration.</p><p>This research used 24 male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: group of rats fed with standard food, group of rats given paracetamol 1,750 mg/kg BW on day 8, and group of rats given avocado peel extract 1,400 mg/kg/day for 8 days and paracetamol 1750mg/kg BW on day 8. Liver MDA levels were checked on day 9 by thiobarbituric acid<em> </em>(TBA) method.</p><p>The One-Way ANOVA test showed that the liver MDA level of the group of rats given high dose of paracetamol (=312.38±47.830 nmol/g) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) compared to the liver MDA level of the group of rats fed with standard food (=184.50±57.021 nmol/g). The liver MDA level of group of rats given high-dose paracetamol and avocado peel extract<em> </em>(=268.50±91.834 nmol/g) did not significantly decrease (p =0.213) compared to the liver MDA level of group of rats given high dose of paracetamol (=312.38±47.830 nmol/g).</p><p>The conclusion of this research showed that high-dose paracetamol significantly increased liver MDA level and avocado peel extract tend to decrease liver MDA level because avocado peel consists flavonoid, hydroxynnamic acid<em>, </em>keratinoid, vitamin C, dan vitamin E that function as antioxidants.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Paracetamol, MDA, Persea americana</em></p>

scholarly journals Efektifitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Etanol Biji Alpukat (persea americana mill.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 499-508
Author(s):  
Elok Afrinda Iskarimah ◽  
Urmatul Waznah ◽  
W Wirasti ◽  
Dwi Bagus Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Avocado Seed

AbstractInfectious diseases that often occur are infections caused by the Staphylococus aureus bacteria, these bacteria are found on the skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. The avocado plant (Persea americana Mill.) is a plant whose seeds contain several chemical compounds that can be used as antibacterial agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of the avocado seed extract cream (Persea americana Mill.) Against the growth of Staphylococus aureus. Test the inhibition of bacteria using the well method. The extraction method uses the meseration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. The research results were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test. Avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill.) can be formulated into cream preparations that meet several physical tests of the preparation which include organoleptic test, homogenity test, pH test, viscosity test, adhesion test and spreadability test. The formulation of avocado seed extract cream (Persea americana Mill.) in this study was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with the largest zone of inhibition found at a concentration of 10% is 19.1 mm. At a concentration of 6% is 15.1 mm, at a concentration of 8% is 18.2 mm. With the results of one-way ANOVA statistical tests obtained sig 0,00 <0,05 which means that the diameter of the inhibition between formulas was significant.Keywords: Antibacterial, avocado seed extract, cream, Staphylococcus aureus. AbstrakPenyakit infeksi yang sering terjadi adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococus aureus, bakteri ini terdapat pada kulit, saluran pernafasan, dan saluran pencernaan. Tumbuhan alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang bagian bijinya memiliki beberapa senyawa kimia yang dapat digunakan sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri dari sediaan krim ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococus aureus. Uji daya hambat bakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Metode ekstraksi meggunakan metode meserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA. Ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dapat diformulasikan ke dalam sediaan krim yang memenuhi beberapa uji fisik sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji viskositas, uji daya lekat dan uji daya sebar. Formulasi sediaan krim ekstrak biji alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) pada penelitian ini mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan zona hambat terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 10% sebesar 19,1 mm. Pada konstrasi 6% sebesar 15,1 mm, pada konsentrasi 8% sebesar 18,2 mm. Dengan hasil uji statistik one-way ANOVA diperoleh sig 0,00<0,05 yang berarti diameter hambat antar formula terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan.Kata kunci: Antibakteri, ekstrak biji alpukat, krim, Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals High-dose testosterone supplementation disturbs liver pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance and function in adolescent male Wistar rats undergoing moderate-intensity endurance training

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10228
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowska-Krępa ◽  
Barbara Kłapcińska ◽  
Anna Nowara ◽  
Sławomir Jagsz ◽  
Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Androgenic Steroid ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

In some countries, anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse is rampant among adolescent boys and young men, including some of those seeking physical fitness and/or pleasing appearance through various exercise types. This tactic carries the risk of severe harmful health effects, including liver injury. Most anabolic-androgenic steroid stacking protocols employed are based on the use of the ‘prototypic’ anabolic-androgenic steroid testosterone and/or its esters. There is a vast body of data on the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids’ abuse combined with physical exercise training on the liver antioxidant barrier in adult subjects, whereas those concerning adolescents are scant. This study aimed to assess, in adolescent male Wistar rats undergoing a 6-week moderate-intensity endurance training (treadmill running), the influence of concurrent weekly supplementation with intramuscular testosterone enanthate (TE, 8 or 80 mg/kg body weight/week) on selected indices of liver status and oxidative stress. The rats were sacrificed, and their livers and blood samples were harvested two days after the last training session. High-dose TE treatment significantly reduced body and liver weight gains. Neither low-dose nor high-dose TE treatment affected liver α-tocopherol or γ-tocopherol content, whereas low-dose TE treatment significantly lowered hepatic reduced glutathione content. TE treatment significantly elevated liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content and blood activities of alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyltransferase, but not of aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Liver catalase activity was lowered by >50% in both TE-treated groups, while superoxide dismutase activity was significantly but slightly affected (−15%) only by the high-dose TE treatment. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were not significantly altered. TE treatment significantly increased liver thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content and lowered blood HDL-cholesterol, but did not significantly affect LDL-cholesterol or triglycerides level. In conclusion, high-dose TE treatment significantly disturbed liver antioxidant barrier and prooxidative-antioxidative balance and hence counteracted favorable effects of concurrent moderate-intensity endurance training in adolescent male rats.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory properties of mangosteen peel extract on the mice gingival inflammation healing process

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Putri ◽  
Lusiana Darsono ◽  
Henry Mandalas
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Peel Extract ◽  
Range Test

Introduction: Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) peel extract has widely used in the pharmaceutical field due to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunity boost properties. It had been proofed to be able to prevent and reduce the amount of plaque and cure gingivitis. This study was aimed to compare mangosteen peel extract at the concentration of 12.5 and 25% on the mouse gingival inflam­mation healing process. Methods: This study was a true experimental laboratory study. The subjects consisted of 28 mice divided into four groups, which were negative control (Aquadest) group; positive control (0.2% of Chlorhexidine) group; 12.5% Group of mangosteen peel extract group; and 25% respec­tively. Examination of the inflammatory healing process was observed every 2 hours during 6 hours, and the inflammatory measurements of mouse gingival performed by using calipers. Data obtained was an­alyzed with the one-way ANOVA test (α=0.05) and the Tukey’s range test. Results: The results from the one-way ANOVA test and the Tukey’s range test found that there was a significant difference on the in­flammation size between the group with 12.5% of mangosteen peel extract and the group with aquadest and 0.2% of chlorhexidine. Meanwhile, the mice group with 12.5% of mangosteen peel extract and group with 25% of mangosteen peel extract did not show a significant difference in inflammatory size decrease. Conclusion: The mangosteen peel extract at the concentration of 12.5% was showing the highest anti-in­flammatory potentials since the first measurement on the second hour after treatment.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTIVENESS OF AVOCADO PEEL EXTRACT (Persea Americana) AGAINST Candida albicans AND Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Putri Mentary Mendrofa ◽  
Christine Halawa ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
Yuliani Mardiati Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Peel Extract

Abstrak Banyak sekali jenis tanaman di Indonesia yang diduga memiliki potensi sebagai antifungi, tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Buah alpukat (Persea americana) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak antijamur kulit alpukat (Persea americana) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans dan Aspergillus niger.Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Jamur uji yang digunakan adalah Candida albicans dan Aspergillus niger dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% dengan pengulangan kerja 3 kali. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode difusi cakram dengan pelarut DMSO.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah alpukat memiliki efektivitas antijamur pada jamur Candida albicans dan Aspergillus niger yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 100% dan zona hambat terkecil di 25%. Analisis data menggunakan uji hubungan antara perbedaan nilai rata-rata dilakukan oleh uji One Way ANOVA pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α = 0,05). Hubungan ini disebut bermakna jika p <0,05.

scholarly journals The influence of roselle-based wedang uwuh (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on SOD (superoxide dismutase) and MDA (malondialdehyde) of cigarette smoke-exposed rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Tri Dewanti Widyaningsih ◽  
Muhammad Fawzul Alif Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
White Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Smoke Control ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

Cigarette smoke is the leading cause of several respiratory diseases because it contains high free radical compounds. These free radical compounds can be neutralized with antioxidants obtained from natural ingredients such as roselle. Roselle contains various bioactive compounds and consumes in the form of infusion. Mixing roselle with various herbs as wedang uwuh can increase the antioxidant content. Wedang uwuh is a beverage consisting of various combinations of herbs such as sappan wood, cloves, and cinnamon. This study aims to analyze levels of MDA and SOD in rats exposed to cigarette smoke and given wedang uwuh. This research was conducted on 30 white male Wistar rats that divided into six groups- P0 (normal control), P1 (roselle-based wedang uwuh), P2 (commercial wedang uwuh), P3 (smoke control), P4 (smoke + roselle-based wedang uwuh), P5 (smoke + commercial wedang uwuh). The dose of wedang uwuh is 2.7 ml/kg BW, and the dose of exposure to cigarette smoke is one cigarette for 5 minutes for 30 days. The differences between each group were analyzed using the one way ANOVA test and HSD advanced test. Statistical results showed that giving roselle-based wedang uwuh (P4) significantly reduced MDA levels and increased SOD than the smoke control group (P3). Roselle-based wedang uwuh reduce the MDA levels and increase SOD better than commercial wedang uwuh.

scholarly journals Measuring the Antioxidant Effect of Limnocharis Flava on Malondialdehyde Activities in Livers of Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Yithro Serang ◽  
Virda Laili
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
White Rats ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Group 1

Antioxidants are substances counteracting the effects of free radicals. Antioxidants are formed in several forms, encompassing vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Genjer or yellow velvet leaves (Limnocharis Flava) is an aquatic plant potentially beneficial alternative to natural antioxidants. This study aims to measure the antioxidant effect from the yellow velvetleaf ethanol extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) activities in livers of diabetic rats (Rattus novergicus) induced by alloxan in three different doses. The tested animals were randomly divided into five groups comprising six white rats previously induced with alloxan by intra-peritoneal injection. Group 1 was the negative control provided 0.5% CMC Na while group 2 was a positive control administered 0.45 mg glibenclamide. On the other hand, groups 3, 4, and 5 were the experimental groups that provided the extract of yellow velvetleaf as many as 32.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) ethanol, 65 mg/kg BW ethanol extract, and 130 mg/kg BW, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts were administered once on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days; the parameters observed were MDA activities in the rats’ livers. The Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs) method was then employed to investigate these actions. The one-way ANOVA was administered to examine the acquired data from the examination, followed by a post hoc test. The average points of the MDA level from group 1 to group 5 were 10.78 0.33, 3.71 + 0.19, 7.25 + 0.26, 5.76 + 0.25, and 4.01 + 0.22, correspondingly, according to the results. The one-way ANOVA test revealed that MDA levels in each test group were significantly different (p 0.05). Based on these findings, it may be concluded that feeding ethanol extract from yellow velvet leaves to diabetic rats reduces MDA levels in their livers, therefore preserving cells from harm.

Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Rima Folentia ◽  
M Yusuf MF
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 ​​house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly.   Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

Adipose Tissue Remodeling by Prolonged Administration of High Dose of Vitamin D3 in Rats Treated to Prevent Sarcopenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2139-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Constantin Pinzariu ◽  
Sorin Aurelian Pasca ◽  
Allia Sindilar ◽  
Cristian Drochioi ◽  
Mihail Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissue Remodeling ◽  
Visceral Adipose

To examine the effect of high dose vitamin D3 treatment on visceral adipose tissue, we used vitamin D deficient male Wistar rats (18 months old) as a model of sarcopenia. The aging process is not only responsive for the losing muscle mass but also for redistribution of lipid resulting in altered fatty acid storage and dysdifferentiation of mesenchymal precursors. The effect of aging and vitamin D treatment (weekly oral gavage with 0.125 mg vitamin D3 (5000 IU)/100g body weight) on the omental adipose tissue were histological examinated. At the end of the experiment (9 monhs), adaptive changes to the reduction of adipogenesis and increased apoptosis in response to long-term treatment with vitamin D consisted of smaller size of adipocyte and moderate macrophage infiltrate.

scholarly journals Cytoprotective Potential of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Active Constituent, S-allyl-l-cysteine, in Presence of Carvedilol during Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Disturbance and Metabolic Derangements in Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3203
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq ◽  
Obulesu Challa ◽  
Abdulhakeem S. Alamri ◽  
Walaa F. Alsanie ◽  
Majid Alhomrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aged Garlic Extract ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Aged Garlic

This study was conducted to determine the potential interaction of aged garlic extract (AGE) with carvedilol (CAR), as well as to investigate the role of S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC), an active constituent of AGE, in rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial dysfunction. At the end of three weeks of treatment with AGE (2 and 5 mL/kg) or SAC (13.1 and 32.76 mg/kg), either alone or along with CAR (10 mg/kg) in the respective groups of animals, ISO was administered subcutaneously to induce myocardial damage. Myocardial infarction (MI) diagnostic predictor enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine kinase (CK-MB), were measured in both serum and heart tissue homogenates (HTH). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) were estimated in HTH. When compared with other groups, the combined therapy of high doses of AGE and SAC given alone or together with CAR caused a significant decrease in serum LDH and CK-MB activities. Further, significant rise in the LDH and CK-MB activities in HTH was noticed in the combined groups of AGE and SAC with CAR. It was also observed that both doses of AGE and SAC significantly increased endogenous antioxidants in HTH. Furthermore, histopathological observations corroborated the biochemical findings. The cytoprotective potential of SAC and AGE were dose-dependent, and SAC was more potent than AGE. The protection offered by aged garlic may be attributed to SAC. Overall, the results indicated that a high dose of AGE and its constituent SAC, when combined with carvedilol, has a synergistic effect in preventing morphological and physiological changes in the myocardium during ISO-induced myocardial damage.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of butterflies in endosulfan-affected areas of Kerala, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Raghavendra ◽  
Kumar Arvind ◽  
G. K. Anushree ◽  
Tony Grace
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
Butterfly Assemblages ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Butterflies are considered as bio-indicators of a healthy and diversified ecosystem. Endosulfan was sprayed indiscriminately in large plantations of Kasaragod district, Kerala which had caused serious threats to the ecosystem. In this study, we surveyed the butterflies for their abundance and diversity in three differentially endosulfan-affected areas viz., Enmakaje—highly affected area, Periye—moderately affected area, Padanakkad—unaffected area, carried out between the end of the monsoon season and the start of the winter season, lasting approximately 100 days. Seven variables viz., butterfly abundance (N), species richness (S), Simpson’s reciprocal index (D), the Shannon–Wiener index (H′), the exponential of the Shannon–Wiener index (expH′), Pielou’s evenness (J) and species evenness (D/S), related to species diversity were estimated, followed by the one-way ANOVA (F = 25.01, p < 0.001) and the Kruskal-Wallis test (H = 22.59, p < 0.001). Results A population of three different butterfly assemblages comprised of 2300 butterflies which represented 61 species were encountered. Our results showed that Enmakaje displayed significantly lower butterfly diversity and abundance, compared to the other two communities. Conclusion So far, this is the first study concerning the effect of endosulfan on the biodiversity of butterfly in the affected areas of Kasaragod, Kerala, India. This study may present an indirect assessment of the persisting effects of endosulfan in the affected areas, suggesting its long-term effects on the ecosystem.

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