scholarly journals Adverbial Derivation in Toba Batak Language: A Generative Transformational Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Esron Ambarita
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
View Point ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Modified Theory ◽  
Phonological Rules ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The purpose of this article is to elaborate adverbial derivation in Toba Batak language from the view point of generative transformational study. The data were analysed by applying modified theory with reference to Halle’s model as the main theory.  Therefore, there are six components of sets of generative transformational rules as modified theory in this study, i.e. List of Morphemes, Word Formation Rules, Filter, Orthographic Rules, Phonological Rules, and Dictionary. The method of this study is descriptive qualitative. The data were collected by using observation and interview. The collected data are voice-recordings and writings. The research findings show that adverbial derivation in Toba Batak language are done by attaching (1) prefix [par-], (2) prefix [maN-], (3) prefix [mar-], (4) affix combination [-umal-], and (5) affix combination [-umar-] to stems. The results of the affixation processes generate complex words which have new grammatical and lexical meanings. Phoneme assimilation takes place in morphological processes particularly with prefix [ma-]. The inflectional processes of attaching those affixes bring about phonological idiosyncrasy; therefore, such words must be processed in filter to generate acceptable words in Toba Batak language.

scholarly journals Deverbal Nominals in Toba Batak Language: A Generative Transformational Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esron Ambarita
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Deverbal Nominals ◽  
Modified Theory ◽  
Phonological Rules

This paper aims at exploring deverbal nominals in Toba Batak language from the view point of generative transformational study. The theory of generative morphology has predictive power to generate new words. Considering the particular rules of word formation in Toba Batak language, Halle’s theory is modified to be adjusted to Toba Batak morphological system. Two new integrated components, Orthographic and Phonological Rules are added between Halle’s Filter and Dictionary. Therefore, there are six components of sets of generative transformational rules as modified theory in this study, i.e. List of Morphemes, Word Formation Rules, Filter, Orthographic Rules, Phonological Rules, and Dictionary. Data analyses were done using modified theory but they refer to Halle’s model as the main theory. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were obtained by using observation methods and their techniques and interlocution method and its techniques. The collected data are voice-recordings and writings. The research findings comprise that deverbal nominals in Toba Batak language are done by attaching: (1) prefix [par-], (2) prefix [paN-], (3) confix [ha-an], (4) confix [paN-an], (5) confix [paN -on], (6) confix [par-an], (7) affix combination [paηin-], and (8) affix combination [paηun-]. The processes of attaching those affixes generate complex words which have different grammatical and lexical meanings. Morphological processes found in the word formation are phoneme deletion, phoneme assimilation, and phoneme addition. The processes of attaching those affixes bring about semantic and phonological idiosyncrasies, therefore, such words must be processed in filter to generate acceptable words in Toba Batak language.

scholarly journals ADJECTIVE REDUPLICATION IN TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esron Ambarita ◽  
Robert Sibarani
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Toba Batak

This paper aims at exploring adjective reduplication in Toba Batak language. The major issue in this descriptive microlinguistic study is the formations of adjective reduplication. There are some urgent points under discussion, namely, the identification of the morpheme that form the formation of the adjective reduplication, the morphological processes of the word formation, and the meaning emerged as the result of the morphological processes. The result of the analysis shows that there are five types of adjective reduplication in Toba Batak language, they are, (1) full adjective reduplication, (2) partial adjective reduplication with prefix mar- and um-, (3) partial adjective reduplication with infix –um-, (4) partial adjective reduplication with suffix –an, -hian, and –an, and (5) partial adjective reduplication with marsi-i, ha-assa, ma-hu, pa-hu, sa-na, and um-hian. The meanings of the adjective reduplication can be grouped into eight, namely, (1) refers to the basic meaning of the base adjective, (2) in the condition as mentioned in the base adjective, (3) has the characteristic as mentioned in the base adjective, (4) shows degree of comparison, (5) shows differences, (6) shows that something or some one is just so so .... as mentioned in the base adjective, (7) shows that something or some one is too ..., and (8) expresses superlative degree about something or some one.

scholarly journals NOMINAL WORD FORMATIONS IN TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF GENERATIVE MORPHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esron Ambarita
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principle ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Free Word

The objective of this paper is to explore nominal word formations in Toba Batak language. The theory applied in this study is generative morphology proposed by Halle (1973). The basic principle in generative morphology is that the process of word formations can generate actual words and potential words. According to generative morphology the mechanism of word formations will be postulated in list of morphemes, word formation rules, filter, and dictionary. The method of this study is qualitative descriptive; it is a method of study which describes language phenomena naturally without any exception. The results show that nominal word formations in Toba Batak language are distinguished in 3 main ways, they are: [1] by attaching affixations, [2] by inserting premodifier ni between adjectival bases and nominal bases, and [3] by moving the stress of free adjectival bases from the first syllable to the second syllable. There are 14 affixations that can form nouns in Toba Batak language, they are: (i) six prefixes (par-, na-, sa-, sanha-, hina-, ha-), (ii) two infixes (-ar-, -al-), (iii) one suffix (-na), (iv) four multiple affixations (ha-…-on, pa-…-an, pa-…-on, par-…-an), and (v) double affixations (par-in-). Nominal word formations derive from various free word bases, such as, free adjectival bases, free verbal bases, free nominal bases, free numeric bases, and free adverbial bases. The results of these affixations can be inflectional or derivational. Some complex words have to be put into filter to be processed morphophonologically before they are put into dictionary.

Alomorf Bahasa Loinang

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabillah Djindan
Keyword(s):  
Basic Word ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Loinang languageis one of the languages which has not been researched, especially in Baloa Dodavillage, Pagimana sub-district, Banggai district, Central Sulawesi Province.This research focused on identifying the form of allomorph and analyzing theformation rule of allomorph in Loinang Language. The methode usedin this research is descriptive qualitative methode. The results showed that Loinang language consists of boundmorphemes such as prefix, suffix,infix, and confix. Each numbered 30 prefixes, 3 infixes, 3 suffixes, and, 13confixes as 49 pieces total affixes. Rules of formation of the appearance ofallomorph in Loinang language determined through the process of word formationor morphological processes, namely by affixation which form the class ofgrammatical categories of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Allomorph found anappearance in a Loinang language, such as the morpheme members of paN- willmeet with the initial phonemes basic words /p/, /i/, /t/, /s/ to the variationsof allomorph pan-, pam-, paη-, morpheme members of poN- will meet with theinitial phonemes basic word /p/, /b/, /k/, /l/, /u/, /a/ to the variations ofallomorph po-, pom-, pompa-, pompo-, ponaη-, pon-, poη-, morpheme members ofpiN- will meet with the initial phonemes basic words /h/, /s/, /l/, /k/, /p/,/m/, /a/ to the variations of allomorph pi-, pin-, pino-, pinaha-, pinoko-,pinom-, pinompo-, pinoη-, morpheme members of tiN- will meet with the initialphonemes basic words /l/, /d/, /b/, /k/ to the variations of allomorph tina-,tinala-, tino-, tinom-, tinoη-, morpheme members of iN- will meet with theinitial phonemes basic words /h/, /l/, /i/, /o/ to the variations of allomorphi-, iη-, morpheme members of Mon- will meet with the initial phonemes basicwords /h/, /l/, /b/, /k/, /j/, /s/, /t/, /a/, /i/, /o/ to the variations ofallomorph mo-, mom-, mompo-, moη-, mon-, the form of allomorph -um- will meetonly with the basic word phonemes /t/ - /i/, /p/ - /u/, /g/ - /ԑ/, /t/ - /u/,/t/ - /i/, the form of allomorph -in- will only be met with the phonemes /p/ -/ԑ/, /t/ - /o/, /t/ - /a/, /t/ - /i/, /s/ - /u/, the form of allomorph -am-only be met with the phonemes /p/ - /a/, /m/ - /i/, /b/ - /a/, /p/ - /i/, /m/ -/ԑ/, the form of allomorph -mo will meet with the last phonemes basic words/i/, /a/, /s/, /Ɂ/, /n/, the form of allomorph -akon will meet with the lastphonemes basic words /η/, /m/, /o/, /u/, and the form of allomorph -i will meetwith the last phonemes basic words /η/,/m/,/s/. Keywords : Allomorph, Loinang, Generative

WORD FORMATION OF MESSAGING APPLICATIONS FOUND IN PLAY STORE

Lire Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Giyatmi - Giyatmi ◽  
Sihindun Arumi ◽  
Mas Sulis Setiyono
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Front Part ◽  
The Real ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Everyday Communication

This study aims at describing the process of word-formation used on messaging applications found in the Play Store. This is descriptive qualitative research. The data are messaging applications written in English and in the form of words. To collect the data, the researchers use observation. The analysis data consists of three steps namely data reduction, data display, and verification. There are 56 data found. There are 6 types of word formations; Affixation (4 data), compounding (15 data), blending (4 data), coinage (8 data), clipping (4 data), reduplication (1 data). However, there are 20 messaging applications that cannot be classified into the type of word formation such as Path, Line, Lemon, etc. They are simple words that have already existed in English and have been used in everyday communication. Meanwhile, nowadays they are used as a name of messaging applications and have different meanings as the real meaning. The suffixes used in the affixation process are –er, -ous, -ster. There are 6 formations of compounding used in the messaging application such as N+N, V+V, N+V, V+N, Adv. + Prep. There are 3 ways of blending process such as taking the whole part of the first word and taking the first syllable of the second, taking the first syllable of the first word and taking the whole part of the second word, taking two syllables from the front part of the first word and taking the last syllable of the second word. Coinage consists of the name of the company and the name of the product. There are two types of clipping found namely fore-clipping and back-clipping. Reduplication happens when there is a copying of the partial part of the word. Apparently, there are morphological processes used in life such as word formation to name the messaging application.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SLANG WORDS FORMATION FOUND IN THE LYRICS OF DRAKE’S SONGS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.P.A. Bhuwana ◽  
I.G. Budasi ◽  
G. Mahendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Qualitative Data Analysis ◽  
Music Film ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The development of music, film, and other industry of entertainment is stated to contribute to the existence of slang words. There are so many slang words that become popular after they are included in the lyrics of songs. One of them is YOLO (You Only Live Once) which is popularized by Drake. In relation to that, this descriptive qualitative research attempts to find out the types and word formation processes of slang words found in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. By taking the model of document analysis by Bowen (2009) and Qualitative data analysis by Miles and Hubberman (1994), it is found out that there are 190 slang words existing in the lyrics of Drake’s songs. They are respectively categorized into Clipping type (62 slangs), Fresh and Creative type (44 slangs), Compounding type (44 slangs), Imitative type (36 slangs), and Acronym type (4 slangs).

scholarly journals The comparative study between Indonesian blend words and English blend words

LingTera ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mia Rahmannia ◽  
Pratomo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Generally, blending can be defined as combining two clipped words. Kvetko in Bednarova defines blending as a word formation process similar to shortening combined with merging two different words. There are many types of blending words both in Indonesian and English context. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the comparison between Indonesian blend words and English blend words in terms of its types, its similarities and differences and also how its formed. In this paper the researcher use descriptive qualitative method as the method of the research. The source of the data is taken from some journal articles that relevant with blend words both in Indonesian and English context. The result showed that Indonesian blend words and English blend words not only have similarities in the forming word, but also have their differences that make them unique to each other. The writer hopes that the reader of this article gets more information about both Indonesian and English blend words based on its types and the similarities and the difference between them.

scholarly journals Cultural Meaning of Monument Building in the Life of Toba Batak Tribe in Pangururan and Palipi Subdistricts, Samosir Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Corry ◽  
Ulung Napitu ◽  
Supsiloani ◽  
Resna Napitu
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Social Prestige ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
Toba Batak ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study aims to analyze the cultural meaning of monument building in the life of Toba Batak tribe in Pangururan and Palipi Subdistricts, Samosir Regency. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods that are relevant to the phenomenology methodology. The results of this study indicate that the general meaning of the monument building process contained in the lives of Batak Toba community in Samosir Regency can be categorized into two, namely the meaning of the monument buiding in terms of religion and culture. From the aspect of religion consists of (1) The Meaning of the Sacralization (2 ) The Meaning of the Position of Soul (3) The Meaning of the Blessing (4) The Meaning of Strengthening Alliance Bonds. From the aspect of monument building culture is considered a unifying bond between all descendants of the clan, and the ancestral spirits of clans, namely: (1) The Meaning of the Unifying Clans (2) The Meaning of the Conflict Resolution (3) The Meaning of the Raising Social Status. (4) The Meanings as Stamps for Regional Ownership (5) The Meanings of Clans Identity (6) The Meaning of Social Prestige Exhibition.

scholarly journals Analytic, Paradoxical, and Synthetic Sentences on ABC and The Hard Way Song Lyrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Frans Sayogie ◽  
Difa Mahya ◽  
Dyona Priorita Dwiarso
Keyword(s):  
Research Findings ◽  
Song Lyric ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Logical Types ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research aims to identify and classify; analytic, paradoxical, and synthetic sentences which are logical types of sentences in the song lyric of  ABC by The Jackson 5 and The Hard Way by The Kinks in order to get the virtue of meanings of the lyrics.  The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative by analyzing and comparing the data by using Kant’s containment concept. The data used in this research are lyrics from the songs ABC 5 and The Hard Way. The research findings obtained: one analytic sentence in ABC, one paradoxical sentence in The Hard Way and twenty two synthetic sentences in both lyrics. The data indicate that there are more synthetic sentences rather than analytical and paradoxical sentences in the songs. In conclusion, the synthetic sentences used on the song lyrics are more fabricated for the virtue of meanings on the song lyrics than analytic and paradoxical sentences. Therefore, the listeners can express their emotions freely by song lyrics using synthetic sentences.

scholarly journals A Morphological Analysis of Slang Words Used by Characters in “Ralph Breaks the Internet” Movie

E-Structural ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Norah Bt Entus Nasrudin Tubagus ◽  
Siti Suharsih ◽  
Rahman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Word Category ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Morphological Processes ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract: The current study entitled “A Morphological Analysis of Slang Words Used by Characters In Ralph Breaks the Internet Movie” aimed to investigate the morphological processes of constructing slang words and its meaning of the  found slang words used by the movie characters. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with content analysis design. The findings revealed that there are 42 slang words categorized into different morphological processes included compound (14,28%), clipping (11,90%), blending (14,28%), affixations (16,66%), reduplicative (7,14%), backformation (2,4%), abbreviation (2,4%), conversion (4,76%), alternation (14,28%), extension (4,76%) and word manufacture (7,14%). This study demonstrated the meaning changes of the slang words that have been affected through certain morphological processes by modifying their word category. Consequently, some slang terms have preserved the original meaning despite the changes in their spelling. In the meantime, certain slang words get abbreviated or shortened and retained their original meaning. Meanwhile, some slang words change their meaning by deriving their word category. Besides, there were certain slang words that change their meaning depending on word usage.Key words: morphology, Ralph Breaks the Internet, slangAbstrak. Penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Morfologi Kata-kata Slang yang Digunakan oleh karakter dalam Film ‘Ralph Breaks the Internet’” bertujuan untuk menelaah proses morfologi dalam membangun kata-kata slang dan maknanya yang digunakan dalam film tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan desain analisis isi. Data temuan menunjukkan  42 kata slang yang dikategorikan ke dalam proses morfologi yang berbeda, yaitu ‘compound’ (14,28%), ‘clipping’ (11,90%), ‘blending’ (14,28%). , ‘affixations’ (16,66%), ‘reduplicative’ (7,14%), ‘backformation’ (2,4%), ‘abbreviation’ (2,4%), ‘conversion’ (4,76%), ‘alternation’ (14,28%), ‘extension’ (4,76%) dan ‘word manufacture’ (7,14%). Studi ini mendemonstrasikan perubahan makna dari kata-kata slang yang telah dipengaruhi proses morfologi tertentu dengan memodifikasi kategori kata asal. Hasilnya beberapa istilah dalam kata slang tetap mempertahankan makna aslinya meskipun ejaannya berubah. Sementara itu, kata-kata slang tertentu disingkat dan tetap mempertahankan arti aslinya. Beberapa kata slang lainnya berubah makna dengan mengubah kategori katanya. Selain itu, beberapa kata-kata slang tertentu berubah maknanya tergantung dari penggunaan kata.Kata kunci: morfologi, Ralph Breaks the Internet, slang

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