RITUAL WORDS AND SONGS IN THE MUSICAL FOLKLORE OF THE DARGINS

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Elmira Bashirovna Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social

The structure of the musical folklore of the Dargins is considered in accordance with the social organization, in relation to the levels of the rural community: tribal (tukhum), rural neighbor (jamaat) and inter-village (khureba). In the article, the author, basing on the field expedition material from the personal archive, focuses on the ritual genres of the tribal and calendar cycles that exist in both applied and ritual functions. In the ritual genres, the forms of performance are revealed, and the attachment of vocal and instrumental genres to gender and age groups is also traced.

scholarly journals Variance of dependency ratio in Baghdad governorate and its relation to the social variables of the population for 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Nadaa Najeeb Salman
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Unemployed

The subject of population support is one of the most important topics in the geography of the population as it shows the amount of burden on the workforce in society and reflects the balance or lack of balance among population groups. According to the ratio of gender and age groups and their relation to social variables. The research was based on three axes, the first dealt with the variation in the dependency ratio, the second studied the ratio of the type of dependents and dependents and the third the social variables related to dependency. The most important findings of the study were the high dependency ratio in the rural districts of the governorate, in addition to the fact that the proportion of the type of the unemployed surpassed that of the dependents, as well as the low percentage of the population (15-94) years, indicating the high rate of support in the districts of Sadr and Abu Ghraib and Mahmudiyah.

scholarly journals Swearing in informal spoken English: 1990s–2010s

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie Love
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
British English ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Distribution ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
National Corpus

Abstract This paper investigates changes in swearing usage in informal speech using large-scale corpus data, comparing the occurrence and social distribution of swear words in two corpora of informal spoken British English: the demographically-sampled part of the Spoken British National Corpus 1994 (BNC1994) and the Spoken British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014); the compilation of the latter has facilitated large-scale, diachronic analyses of authentic spoken data on a scale which has, until now, not been possible. A form and frequency analysis of a set of 16 ‘pure’ swear word lemma forms is presented. The findings reveal that swearing occurrence is significantly lower in the Spoken BNC2014 but still within a comparable range to previous studies. Furthermore, FUCK is found to overtake BLOODY as the most popular swear word lemma. Finally, the social distribution of swearing across gender and age groups generally supports the findings of previous research: males still swear more than females, and swearing still peaks in the twenties and declines thereafter. However, the distribution of swearing according to socio-economic status is found to be more complex than expected in the 2010s and requires further investigation. This paper also reflects on some of the methodological challenges associated with making comparisons between the two corpora.

Life course analysis on income and incident AMI: a Danish register-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 810-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Kriegbaum ◽  
Charlotte Ørsted Hougaard ◽  
Ingelise Andersen ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Rikke Lund
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundSocial inequality in ischaemic heart disease has been related to socioeconomic position in childhood, early adulthood and late adulthood. However, the impact of relative level of accumulated income periods across adult life course and the potential gender and age differences have not been investigated. The aim was to investigate the association between relative level of accumulated income across the life course and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from age 60+ years and to study if the associations differ by gender and in different age groups (30–39 years, 40–49 years and 50–59 years).MethodsAll Danes born 1935–1954 (N=1 235 139) were followed up in registers for incident AMI (42 669 cases). The accumulated proportional deviation from median equivalised income (APDMEI) for each gender/age/calendar year strata was constructed and divided in quartiles. The associations were analysed by means of Cox’s proportional hazard models.ResultsAmong men, those in the lowest APDMEI quartile had an HR 1.40 (1.35–1.45) of AMI compared with the highest quartile. Those in the second and third highest quartiles had HR of 1.24 (1.20–1.28) and 1.14 (1.10–1.18), respectively. Among women, the lowest quartile had an HR of 1.78 (1.69–1.88), the second 1.45 (1.37–1.53) and the third 1.19 (1.13–1.26). The social gradient was similar across the different age groups.ConclusionThe risk of AMI increased with lower levels of relative accumulated income across the life course. While men generally had a higher risk of AMI, the social gradient was steeper in women. There was no indication of a specific sensitive age period for exposure to relative level of accumulated income.

Mortality by education, occupational class and income in Finland in the 1990s and 2000s

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-585
Author(s):  
Rasmus Hoffmann ◽  
Hannes Kröger ◽  
Lasse Tarkiainen ◽  
Pekka Martikainen
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Indicator Functions ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality

Differences in mortality by socio-economic position (SEP) are well established, but there is uncertainty as to which dimension of SEP is most important in what context. This study compares the relationship between three SEP dimensions and mortality in Finland, during the periods 1990–97 and 2000–07, and to existing results for Sweden. We use an 11% random sample from the Finnish population with information on education, occupational class, individual income and mortality (age groups 35–59 and 60–84) (n = 810,902; 274,316 deaths). Cox proportional hazard models produce hazard ratios (HR) for categories of SEP variables in bivariate and multivariate models. Multivariate HRs are smaller than bivariate HRs, but all dimensions have a net effect on mortality. Overall, income shows the steepest mortality gradient: HR = 2.49 among men in the lowest income quintile aged 35–59 in the 1990s. The importance of the various SEP dimensions is modified by gender and age group, reflecting the significance of gendered life course differences in analyses of health inequality. Except for the declining disadvantage of poor men aged 35–59, inequalities are very stable over time and similar between Finland and Sweden. In such studies, the use of only one SEP indicator functions well as a broad marker of SEP. However, only analyses of multiple dimensions allow for comprehensive measurements of SEP, take into account the fact that some SEP dimensions are mediated by others, and provide insights into the social mechanisms underlying the stable structure of inequalities in mortality.

scholarly journals Increase in sickness absence due to mental disorders in Finland: trends by gender, age and diagnostic group in 2005–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482199370
Author(s):  
Jenni Blomgren ◽  
Riku Perhoniemi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Working Age

Aims: Mental disorders are among the key public health challenges and cause a significant share of sickness absence. The aim of this study was to examine gender and age-specific trends in sickness absence in Finland among non-retired persons aged 16–67 years during 2005–2019 by main diagnostic groups. Special focus was put on the development of sickness absence due to mental and behavioural disorders. Methods: Data on compensated sickness allowance days were retrieved from the database of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland, and data on the non-retired population aged 16–67 years from the database of Statistics Finland for years 2005–2019. Yearly age-standardised sickness absence rates (yearly sickness absence days per each person in the population at risk) according to diagnostic group were calculated for women and men in age groups 16–34, 35–49 and 50–67 years. Results: A steep increase in sickness absence due to mental disorders was observed between 2016 and 2019 in all age groups among both genders, but the increase was more prominent among women. The age group 16–34 years also showed a longer-term gradual increase. In all examined gender and age groups, the increase was mainly a consequence of an increase in sickness absence due to depression and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Increase in sickness absence due to mental disorders is an early sign of threats to work ability and productivity of the working-age population. Several factors may simultaneously drive the development. The specific reasons for the recent trend need to be studied.

scholarly journals Social Intelligence of Secondary School Teachers with Respect to Their Gender and Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karanam Mahaboobvali ◽  
Dr. S. Vijaya Vardhini
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference

Social intelligence is the ability to compromise so as to understand and manage the people and engage in adaptive social situations. Though everyone needs intelligence in general and Social intelligence in particular. Especially it is essential for the Teachers to interact with the students effectively and for better understanding the students in the school environment. Hence in this context the investigators made an attempt to study the Social intelligence of Secondary school teachers. The objectives of the study are (i) to assess the social intelligence of Secondary school teachers and (ii) to find out the significance difference if any in the Social intelligence of Secondary school teachers due to variations in their Gender and Age. In this study 700 Secondary school teachers were selected from Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh by employing simple random sampling technique. In this study the researchers analyzed the Social intelligence of Secondary school teachers in relation to their Gender and Age and found that, there is no significant difference between the male and female sample in their Social intelligence. On the other hand findings revealed that, there is significance difference among the age group of Secondary school teachers in their Social intelligence in general and Patience, Cooperativeness, Confidence, Sensitivity, Recognition of Social Environment, Tactfulness and Memory dimensions of Social intelligence in specific. Findings of the study are (i) both the male and female Secondary school teachers expressed equal level of Social intelligence and (ii) significant variation exists among the age groups of the Secondary school teachers towards the Social intelligence in Toto.

scholarly journals Gender and Age Patterns on WhatsApp Statuses as Used by Jordanians: A Sociolinguistic Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Ala'a Mohammad Al-Smadi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at investigating the WhatsApp statuses as used by Jordanian people from a sociolinguistic point of view. It attempts to examine the use of the WhatsApp statuses in relation to the impact of gender and age on the topic being used. To achieve this goal, 400 statuses were collected from Jordanian males and females who are divided into two main age groups: the first one consists of participants whose age is above 30 years old, and the second group whose participants are under 30 years old. Then, the data were analyzed quantitatively and categorized based on the main following topics; religious, social, political, economic and fixed statuses. The results show that gender and age have essential impacts on the statuses being used. For example, the religious statuses are the most frequently used topic by Jordanian females whereas the social statuses are the most frequently used topic by Jordanian males. However, the political and economic statuses are the least frequent statuses used among Jordanian. Moreover, the results show that the most frequently used topic among males who are above 30 years old is the fixed statuses suggested by the mobile itself whereas the most frequently used topic among males who are under 30 years old is the social topic. On the other hand, the impact of age among females is clearly manifested in the use of the fixed statuses suggested by the mobile itself. For instance, the females who are above 30 years old use the fixed statuses more dramatic than the females who are under 30 years old. Also, the fixed statuses are the second frequently used topic by the females who are above 30 years old whereas they are the third frequently used topic by females who are under 30 years old.

scholarly journals METHOD OF OPTIMIZATION OF TYPE-SET IN STYLE “FAMILY LOOK” BY MEANS OF IDENTIFICATION OF HARMONY

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
АLLA SLAVINSKA ◽  
ОKSANA SYROTENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
Artistic Images ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
Age Range

The relevance of the distribution of clothing, designed in the style of Family look, is the result of the social demand for expressing family values by the consumers. Updating this style requires the introduction of new types of combinations of the system of artistic images and the development of an assortment concept of creating a capsule wardrobe. The problem of style modernization eliminates such classification features as gender, age, range. The image level of motivation in choosing the range of Family look style is based on the principle of “unisex”, which is due to the condition of the ensemble of the standard items set. The capsule approach to novelty of a family wardrobe provides stylistic balance of subject combinations due to the optimization of qualitative characteristics of a typical set in the Family look style. On the basis of normative definitions of components of family wardrobe the nomenclature of principles of identification of imagery of Family look models is formed. The application of the principle of ensemble of a capsule of a standard set in social function of clothes of Family look on the bases of hierarchy of structure of designing levels is considered: object, gender and age signs, social group, application of subjects. A typological series of options for combining assortment units in the gender and age groups of family members has been developed. The mirror image of the “unisex” principle has been studied by the method of uneven scaling of the areas of standard kits in the grid of product dimensions by the coefficient of proportionality in gender and age groups. A verification database for determining the harmony of the standard set has been developed, which differentiates the information for the scaling procedure: the appearance of the model, assortment units (top, bottom), models’ area, the coefficient of proportionality. The identification methods of the harmony of the typographic set have been offered: rhythm metrics, dimensional copying of the mirror image, stylistic harmony of subject combinations. Quantitative parameters of proportional ratios of areas of assortment units do not contradict the proportions of control measurements of design dimensions. The proposed technique can be recommended as a basic one in the development of a capsule wardrobe and in determining the items harmony.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Motives by Gender and Age Categories for Training at Norwegian Fitness Centres

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Stian Larsen ◽  
Tarron Mozdoorzoy ◽  
Eirik Kristiansen ◽  
Hallvard Nygaard Falch ◽  
Tore Kristian Aune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Response ◽  
Social Motive ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Determinants

Examining participatory motives clarifies what engages and keeps individuals participating in exercise. The popularity of training at fitness centres has greatly increased over the last two decades, but individual determinants for motivation remain uncertain. This study compared motives between gender and age categories in training and performing physical activity at Norwegian fitness centres. To compare motives, a survey utilising a standardised questionnaire (MPAM-R) was conducted at six different Norwegian fitness centres. It was hypothesised that the intrinsic motive socialisation and extrinsic motive fitness would be more important among the older age categories for both genders, while the extrinsic motive appearance and intrinsic motive enjoyment would be more important among younger age groups. A total response of 183 men and 150 women, aged 14–80 years, was divided into seven categories based on their age and included in the statistical analysis. The main findings after conducting a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, were that the most important motive for training at fitness centres was increasing fitness, followed by enjoyment, competence, vitality and appearance. The social motive was rated the lowest. Women rated fitness and enjoyment higher compared to men, and men rated the motive for appearance higher than women, but this decreased with age in both genders. With increasing age, the importance of enjoyment and competence decreased in men, while women seemed to place increased importance on vitality with age. The importance of the social motive decreased first as age increased, but then increased again in the age group 41–50 years and older. It was concluded that the motives for participating in exercise at fitness centres was dependent on individual characteristics and that motives about training at fitness centres differed by gender and changed with age.

Measurement Invariance of Divergent Thinking Across Gender, Age, and School Forms

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn ◽  
Heinz Holling
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The present study explores the factorial structure and the degree of measurement invariance of 12 divergent thinking tests. In a large sample of German students (N = 1328), a three-factor model representing verbal, figural, and numerical divergent thinking was supported. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses revealed that partial strong measurement invariance was tenable across gender and age groups as well as school forms. Latent mean comparisons resulted in significantly higher divergent thinking skills for females and students in schools with higher mean IQ. Older students exhibited higher latent means on the verbal and figural factor, but not on the numerical factor. These results suggest that a domain-specific model of divergent thinking may be assumed, although further research is needed to elucidate the sources that negatively affect measurement invariance.

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