scholarly journals Specifying the parameters of the Kamianske Reservoir

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
V. I. Vyshnevskyi ◽  
V. V. Demianov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Retention Level ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Reservoir Length

The relevance of research is the lack of actual parameters of the Dnipro Сascade.  The purpose and objectives of the study are to specify the actual parameters of the Kamianske Reservoir, which is the part of the Dnipro Cascade. Methods and techniques. The study was based on using the actual Navigation map of the Kamianske Reservoir. The available data were processed when using AutoCAD program. The satellite images were used as well. Results and main conclusions. It was identified that the main parameters of the Kamianske Reservoir, which is the part of the Dnipro Cascade, significantly differ from those obtained earlier, in particular, which are given in the operation rules of the Dnipro Сascade. The most important parameters of the Kamianske Reservoir to keep normal retention level (64.0 m) are as follows: water area (water surface) – 537 km2, total volume – 2636 million m3, useful storage capacity – 495 million m3. A small increase in the total volume compared to the project one is supposed to be the result of significant extraction of construction raw materials from the bottom of the reservoir. The reservoir length, depending on the ways of measuring, varies from 119 to 137 km. It was determined that the actual maximum depth of the reservoir (23 m) is significantly larger than it is indicated in reference books. The actual average depth of 5.8 m is significantly larger as well. Some parameters of the reservoir, which were previously ignored by researchers, are given as a result of the study. This parameter, in particular, is the area of the islands, which is 48.9 km2. The area of shallow water with depths less than 2 m is 152.4 km2. This area is mainly located in the upper and middle parts of the reservoir – mainly near the left bank. An important parameter is the cross section of the central reach of the reservoir, where the main movement of water is observed. Depending on the length of the reservoir, this cross-section varies in the range of 17,900–20,600 m2. The smallest cross-section is a characteristic feature of the upper part of the reservoir that causes an increase in flow velocity above 1.0 m/sec. It was concluded that the existing operation rules of the Dnipro Сascade does not correspond to the present and require the radical improvement. A mandatory requirement for the new rules is specifying the modern parameters of the reservoirs, built on the Dnipro River. Perspectives. There is need to specify the parameters of all reservoirs of the Dnipro Сascade. It is a basis for the development of new operation rules for the Dnipro Сascade.

scholarly journals Spatial-temporal Variability of the Chlorophyll “a” Concentration in the Krasnodar Reservoir According to the Satellite Images’ Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Delta Formation ◽  
Hydrodynamic Processes ◽  
The Relationship

The Krasnodar Reservoir has undergone significant transformations during its operation since 1973. As a result, of active delta formation of the Kuban and Belaya rivers, the reservoir was divided into two autonomous reservoirs, its area decreased by 35 %. The study is aimed at determining the significance of the eutrophication factor in the transformation of the Krasnodar Reservoir. Methods. Based on 51 Sentinel-2 satellite images for 2015–2020 the results of calculations of the concentration of chlorophyll «a» as an indicator of phytoplankton biomass in the reservoir are presented. The MSI sensor calculates the concentration of chlorophyll a (chl «a») based on the normalized chlorophyll difference index. Chl «a» estimates were obtained for a total area of 277 km2; the main bowl of the Krasnodar Reservoir and the Tshchik Reservoir, which was cut off from it. We have built maps reflecting the spatial and intra-annual variability of chl «a». Results The highest average concentrations of chl «a» are characteristic of the shallow upper part of the Krasnodar Reservoir, which is influenced by the runoff of the Kuban and Pshish rivers with an increased nutrient content. Locally high average values of chl «a» were recorded in the areas of the runoff current and in the estuaries of the left-bank tributaries. In the Tshchik water body with a low intensity of water exchange, the relationship between the concentration of chl «a» and hydrodynamic processes is not evident. We have revealed features of the annual cycle of phytoplankton biomass. It has been established that the trophic status of the reservoir is subject to seasonal variability: in spring, 2/3 of the water area correspond to eutrophic waters, 1/3 to mesotrophic waters; in autumn, the entire reservoir has a eutrophic status.

Mechanochemical synthesis of a Mg-Li-Al-H complex hydride

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2880-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Chenguang Bai ◽  
Fusheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Hydrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Capacity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Complex Hydride

Mg-Li-Al alloy was prepared by ingot casting and then underwent subsequent reactive ball milling. A Mg-Li-Al-H complex hydride was obtained under a 0.4 MPa hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature, and as high as 10.7 wt% hydrogen storage capacity was achieved, with the peak desorption temperature of the initial step at approximately 65 °C. The evolution of the reaction during milling, as well as the effect of Li/Al ratio in the raw materials on the desorption properties of the hydrides formed, were studied by x-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The results showed that mechanical milling increases the solubility of Li in Mg, leading to the transformation of bcc β(Li) solid solution to hcp α(Mg) solid solution, the latter continues to incorporate Li and Al, which stimulates the formation of Mg-Li-Al-H hydride. A lower Li/Al ratio resulted in faster hydrogen desorption rate and a greater amount of hydrogen released at a low temperature range, but sacrificing total hydrogen storage capacity.

scholarly journals Applications of Satellite Thermal Infrared Images for Monitoring North Water during the Periods of Polar Darkness

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (93) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
B. Dey
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
Thermal Infrared Images ◽  
North Water

AbstractThe study reported here illustrates the unique value of NOAA thermal infrared (TIR) images for monitoring the North Water area in Smith Sound and northern Baffin Bay during the periods of polar darkness. Wintertime satellite images reveal that, during the months of December through February, open water and thin ice occur in a few leads and polynyas. However, in March, the areas of open water and thin ice decrease to a minimum with a consequent higher concentration of ice. Two ice dams, in northern Kennedy Channel and in northern Smith Sound, regulate the flow of ice into northern Baffin Bay and also determine the areal variations of open water and thin ice in Smith Sound.

scholarly journals Silting in the dense reservoir network of the Pereira de Miranda catchment

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniely Lira ◽  
Cristian Toledo ◽  
George Mamede
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
System Structure ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Total Sediment ◽  
System Water ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

This study aims to analyze the impacts of the reservoir network within Pereira de Miranda - CE catchment (also called Pentecoste) over sediment transport and storage capacity of the system. The survey of the "damming" was carried out using satellite images. We identified 502 erosion units, derived from overlaying maps of the Universal Soil Loss Equation parameters, which allowed the estimation of localized erosion in the basin and identification of areas potentially generating sediment. In order to estimate silting in Pentecoste reservoir, different system structure scenarios were considered. An average erosion rate of 59 t ha-1year-1 was estimated. According to the model, the silting of Pentecoste reservoir may vary from 1.1 to 2.6% per decade, depending on the scenario considered. It is also observed that the reservoirs upstream can retain up to 58% of the sediment that would reach the Pentecoste reservoir. Very small reservoirs with a capacity of up to 100,000 m³, although representing only 1.83% of the system water availability, are able to retain almost 8% of total sediment produced.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS GUDANG DENGAN PERANCANGAN LAYOUT MENGGUNAKAN METODE CLASS-BASED STORAGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Heldy Juliana ◽  
Naniek Utami Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
High Level

Gudang adalah suatu tempat penyimpanan untuk semua barang-barang hasil produksi maupun penjualan. Fungsinya sebagai tempat penyimpanan memiliki peranan yang sangat vital. Oleh sebab itu diperlukan adanya pengaturan yang tepat dan cepat dalam penggunaan ruang gudang. CV.MDP-Semarang merupakan industri kemasan karton yang berlokasi di Semarang. Tingginya tingkat penggunaan gudang di perusahaan ini membuat effisiensi waktu dan ruang menjadi penting. Dari hasil pengamatan, CV. MDP-Semarang belum memiliki tata letak penyimpanan yang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari cara penyimpanan bahan baku di gudang yang belum mengikuti kaidah tata letak gudang. Pada gudang bahan baku, karton diletakkan secara acak sehingga menyulitkan pencarian, kapasitas gudang bahan baku saat ini dikeluhkan tidak mencukupi kebutuhan. Parameter tata letak gudang bahan baku yang baik adalah dipenuhinya ruang secara maksimal dan pemenuhan terhadap permintaan bahan baku yang lebih cepat. Pada penelitian ini, metode class-based storage dan penggunaan rak, memisahkan karton berdasarkan jenis karton di gudang bahan baku mampu memberikan peningkatan kapasitas gudang. Dengan rancangan tata letak gudang bahan baku usulan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas gudang, sehingga mampu memberikan ruang kosong untuk 64.000 pieces karton. AbstractWarehouse is a storage for all the goods of production and sales. Its function as a storage has a very vital role. Therefore it is necessary to have the proper regulations in the use of warehouse space. CV.MDP-Semarang is the carton packaging industry located in Semarang. The high level of the activity in the warehouse make time and space efficiency becomes important. From the observation, CV. MDP-Semarang do not yet have good storage layout. It is shown from raw material inventory in storage that are not following the principle of good storage layout. In the raw materials storage carton are placed randomly, so it makes the operator difficult to find the goods and the storage become out of capacity to fulfill demand. The good parameters for good storage are the optimal utility and the capapbility to fulfill raw material demands faster. In this paper, class-based storage method and shelf are used to separate carton based on type of carton in raw material storage in order to improve storage capacity. By proposes the design raw material storage layout, the company should be able to increase storage capacity, thus, it will be able to give space for 640.000 pieces of carton.

scholarly journals Suspended Sediment Variability at the Solimões and Negro Confluence between May 2013 and February 2014

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Marinho ◽  
Naziano Filizola ◽  
Jean-Michel Martinez ◽  
Elisa Armijos ◽  
André Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Negro River ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sediment Variability ◽  
Solimões River

This study focuses on the confluence of two major rivers of the world, the Solimões River (white waters) and Negro River (black waters). Surface suspended sediment samples (SSC) and spectroradiometer taken along transverse profiles at 500 m intervals over a distance of 10 km, as well as satellite images (MODIS) during the hydrological year, were used to follow suspended sediment variability. In January and February, the confluence is dominated by white waters from the Solimões River in the two banks, and in June and July in the right bank by black waters from the Negro River and in the left bank by clear waters from the Solimões River. We found that indirect tools, such as reflectance obtained by spectrometer or MODIS images, can be used to determine surface suspended sediments in a contrasting zone.

Research on the Microstructure of Leather/Resin Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yong Zhang ◽  
Xiao Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Reuse of leather wastes has been paid much attention. In this article, the chrome tanned cattle (pig) leather and unsaturated polyester resin or epoxy resin were used as raw materials, leather/resin composite material was prepared. The composite sections were examined by optical microscope and environmental scanning electron microscope. By observing the cross section morphology, the performance of composites can be speculated, the effective direction for further research on leather/resin composites and development can be provided.

Rapid Forming of Hydroxyapatite-Silica Ceramics

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Fwu Hsing Liu ◽  
Tsui Yen Ni ◽  
Yung Kang Shen ◽  
Jeou Long Lee
Keyword(s):  
Porous Structure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Atomic Force

This paper proposes a solid freefrom fabrication (SFF) technology for fabricating hydroxyapatite(HA)-silica ceramics, which can generate porous three-dimensional physical objects. The HA powder and the silica are mixed with water into slurries form as raw materials. The slurries are paved by a scraper to from a thin layer which is selective scanned by a laser beam according to the cross-section of a 3D model. The HA particles are embeded in the sintered silica matrix to form green parts via a suitable range of process parameters. The benefits of this process are: bio-ceramic parts can be built by lower laser energy and faster fabricating speed. Following a subsequence heat treatment process has been developed to optimize the crystallization process and to increase the strength of the sintered parts. The parts were analyzed by an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to determine the surface roughness. The results obtained indicate that the proposed process was possible to generate multilayer, overhanging, and porous structure with brittle property but sufficient integrity for handling prior to post-processing. It was possible to produce the porous structure from the proposed hydroxyapatite-silica ceramics, which had a greater potential for possible bone scaffolds fabrication.

scholarly journals SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI BORON KARBIDA DARI ASAM BORAT, ASAM SITRAT DAN KARBON AKTIF

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Dini Harsanti
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Nuclear Reactors ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Resistant Material ◽  
Neutron Moderator ◽  
Rhombohedral Crystal

Boron karbida merupakan material yang sulit terbentuk yang memiliki struktur dan aplikasi elektronik yang menarik. Beberapa kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh boron karbida antara lain stabil pada temperatur tinggi, memiliki tingkat kekerasan yang tinggi, berkemampuan tinggi dalam menyerap neutron pada pusat reaktor nuklir, dan memiliki sifat-sifat termoelektrik yang sangat baik. Kombinasi dari sifat-sifat tersebut memungkinkan boron karbida digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi, termasuk material yang tahan abrasi, persenjataan militer, moderator neutron pada reaktor nuklir, dan berpotensial diaplikasikan pada pembangkit daya penerbangan angkasa luar. Penelitian ini berhasil mensintesis boron karbida dengan fasa B4C yang memiliki sistem Kristal rhombohedral, space grup m 3 R , dan parameter kisi a = b = 5,600, c = 12,08, α = β = γ = 900 dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan awal berupa asam borat (H3BO3), karbonaktif, dan asam sitrat (C6H8O7) yang ditambahkan dengan magnesium sebagai koreduktor.Boron carbide is highly refractory material that is of great interest for both it’s structuraland electronic properties. Of particular importance are it’s high-temperature stability,high hardness, high cross-section for neutron capture, and excellent high-temperaturethermoelectric properties. This combination of properties gives rise to numerous applications, including uses as an abrasive wear-resistant material, ceramic armor, a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors, and potentially, for power generating deep space flight applications. This experimental succesfull to synthesis B4C boron carbide that has rhombohedral crystal system, space grup m 3 R , and lattice constant a = b = 5,600, c = 12,08, α = β = γ = 900 by using raw materials i.e. boric acid (H3BO3), activated carbon, and citric acid (C6H8O7) and magnesium as co-reductant.

scholarly journals Perancangan Tata Letak Gudang dengan Metoda Class-Based Storage Studi Kasus CV. SG Bandung

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Puspita Anugrawati Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material

<p style="text-align: justify;">CV.XY-Bandung merupakan perusahaan konveksi yang memproduksi jilbab. Untuk dapat bersaing, perusahaan harus mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan mengurangi biaya operasional perusahaan.   Dari hasil pengamatan, CV. XY-Bandung belum memiliki tata letak yang baik. Hal ini terlihat dari cara penyimpanan bahan baku di gudang yang belum mengikuti kaidah tata letak gudang. Pada gudang bahan baku, kain diletakkan secara acak sehingga menyulitkan pencarian, kapasitas gudang bahan baku saat ini dikeluhkan tidak mencukupi kebutuhan. Parameter tata letak gudang bahan baku yang baik adalah dipenuhinya ruang secara maksimal dan pemenuhan terhadap permintaan bahan baku yang lebih cepat. Pada penelitian ini, metode <em>class-based storage</em> dan penggunaan rak, memisahkan kain berdasarkan jenis kain di gudang bahan baku mampu memberikan peningkatan kapasitas gudang. Dengan rancangan tata letak gudang bahan baku usulan dapat meningkatkan kapasitas gudang, sehingga mampu memberikan ruang kosong untuk 1600 <em>polybag</em>.</p><h6 style="text-align: center;"><strong><br /></strong></h6><p style="text-align: justify;">CV. XY-Bandung is convection produsen that produce jilbab. To be able competing with others, produsen has to keep improving productivity and do cost efficiency. From observation, CV. XY-Bandung has not had a good layout. It is shown from raw material inventory in storage that has not using storage layout theory. In the storage of raw materials, fabrics are placed by random, make it difficult to search, and the storage of raw materials capacity is unable to fulfill demand. The good parameters for storage of raw materials are optimal utility and fulfillness of raw material demands faster. In this research, class-basedstorage method and shelf, separate fabrics are based on type of fabric in raw material storage that able to improving storage capacity. By proposes the design raw material storage layout, it should be able to increasing storage capacity, thus, it will be able to give space for 1600 polybag.</p>

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