scholarly journals DO INSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL REFORMS MATTER TO CUSTOMS COLLECTION? EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Rifa'i
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Components

Sustainable development requires resources that are not small, especially in terms of funding. The government has always tried to maintain the state revenue post as a form of business to become a sovereign state through financing strategic projects through state revenues. Customs and Excise is one of the main components that are a source of development funding. Several issues related to reform in the government sector were carried out to improve the management of the country including in order to increase customs and excise revenues. This research focuses on analyzing the issue of reform which has become the spirit of the government in collecting customs and excise. The model used in this study is the Error Correction Model (ECM). Based on empirical results show that several institutional and political reform proxies play an important role in increasing customs and excise revenues. In addition, several issues for further research in the future are delivered to further refine the analysis.

ASSESSING PREFERENCES FOR COMPENSATION PACKAGES USING THE DISCRETE CHOICE METHOD: THE CASE OF THE BOLSA FLORESTA PROGRAM IN AMAZONAS, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350021
Author(s):  
ESSAM YASSIN MOHAMMED ◽  
INA PORRAS ◽  
MARYANNE GRIEG-GRAN ◽  
LUIZA LIMA ◽  
AFRIANO SOARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Choice Method

Natural ecosystems, including forest ecosystems, continue to be degraded or converted at an alarming rate. To complement or substitute regulatory approaches to ecosystem management, market-based instruments such as "payments for ecosystem services" (PES) have been introduced and are gaining popularity. One of the prominent PES schemes in the world is the Bolsa Floresta Program (BFP) in the State of Amazonas, Brazil. The BFP was established by the Government of the State of Amazonas through its Secretariat for Environment and Sustainable Development in 2006 and is implemented by the Amazonas Sustainable Foundation. The BFP, which is a voluntary program to reduce deforestation and promote sustainable development by rewarding the communities for changing their land use practices, has four main components: the Bolsa Floresta Income; Bolsa Floresta Social; Bolsa Floresta Family; and Bolsa Floresta Association. A study was conducted to assess the preferences of the participating households in three reserves, namely: Rio Negro, Juma, and Uatumã, for different payment packages with varying combinations of the bolsas relative to the status quo option. The discrete choice method and an open ended question format were used to elicit the preferences of the participant households. The discrete choice model results showed that the majority of the respondents (about 80 per cent) in the three reserves chose an alternative which offered a 20 per cent increase in direct cash payments to households as their most preferred alternative. On the other hand, the majority of respondents who were subjected to open question stated that they would like to see an increase in benefits that fall under the Bolsa Floresta Social category.

scholarly journals STATE FISCAL SPACE RESEARCH FORMATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Ērika Žubule ◽  
Anita Puzule
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Economic Interpretation ◽  
Government Operation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fiscal Space ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Budgetary Expenditure

The scientific objective of the research is to carry out the country's fiscal space for the study of public finance policy affects the context of sustainable development. The selection and topicality of the research issue is justified by the fact that each country's sustainable development is affected by the government's policies. One of its main components is fiscal or budgetary policy. Traditionally, it is defined as the money required for setting revenue and expenditure policy that is needed to ensure the government operation, but the economic interpretation says it is the economy regulation system through taxes and government spending. It is emphasized that it is closely linked with the state's role in the redistribution of society profits, determining the state budget's proportion in the gross domestic product, defining objectives for the common tax burden, budgetary expenditure, allowable deficit, volume, and structure of the government debt. In addition, the concept of “fiscal space” correlating with application of the fiscal policy measures becomes topical. Thus, the government is able to influence income of both the society generally and certain groups of residents, their purchasing power and impact on economic development in general. It defines the need of concept fiscal space.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERILAKU INSTABILITAS, PERGERAKAN HARGA, EMPLOYMENT DAN INVESTASI DI DALAM SEKTOR PERTANIAN INDONESIA: Aplikasi Vector Error Correction Model

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction Model ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Output Price ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Government

In a long run perspective, the aim of this research is to analyze the impact of the inflating-policy on the employment growth, and the agriculture investment. From a short run perspective, the aim covers (1) the identification of agriculture price instability on certain economic blocks, (2) the analysis of inflation behavior in the agriculture sector and its causality both to output price and input prices and the causality within the input prices.We apply the Vector Error Correction Model, Johansen Cointegration Test, and Granger Causality Test on a monthly series data from 1993:01 to 2002:12. The result shows the production and capital inagriculture sector are responsive to the output price change. This inflating the output price will effectively help to generate the output and a new investment in this sector. However, as the price shock can be a source of instability, the government should be careful to apply this price inflating policy. In addition, to solve the unemployment problem in agriculture sector, the government should apply the cost strategy, such as input price subsidy  policy.JEL: C32, C52, O13, Q11, Q18Keyword: Employment, Investasi, Agriculture,Johansen, Cointegration Vector Error Correction Model, Causality Test

scholarly journals Strengthening Indonesia's Economic Growth with Islamic and non-Islamic Macroeconomic Variable

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Eba Ismi Alifah ◽  
Anton Bawono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity

Abstract: This research was conducted to determine the effect of taxes, Sukuk, grants, inflation, foreign debt, total financing, and the network of Islamic bank offices on Indonesia's economic growth. Research data for each variable is monthly from 2009-2018. Data analysis variables use Error Correction Model (ECM) Test and Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) Test with Eviews ver.10. The results showed that in the short and long term, variables taxes, Sukuk, inflation, foreign debt, total financing, and office networks of Islamic banks) affected the Indonesian economic growth. At the same time, grants have no significant effect on economic growth. For variable predictions in the next year (2019), only economic growth, grants, inflation, foreign debt, and network of Islamic bank offices can be predicted. Meanwhile, taxes, Sukuk, and total financing cannot be identified in 2019 because the variables are not significant in the ARCH analysis, so it cannot be diagnosed about future values. This result implies that the government and the community must continue to work together to manage state revenues used to fund productive projects to stimulate economic growth.Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajak, sukuk negara, hibah, inflasi, utang luar negeri, jumlah pembiayaan dan jaringan kantor bank syariah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Data penelitian setiap variabel berupa bulanan dari tahun 2009-2018. Uji variabel penelitian menggunakan Uji Error Correction Model (ECM) dan Uji ARCH menggunakan Eviews ver.10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang, variabel pajak, sukuk negara, inflasi, utang luar negeri, jumlah pembiayaan dan jaringan kantor bank syariah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Sedangkan variabel hibah tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk prediksi variabel di tahun berikutnya (tahun 2019), hanya variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi, hibah, inflasi, utang luar negeri dan jumlah jaringan kantor bank syariah yang dapat diprediksi, sedangkan pajak, sukuk negara, dan jumlah pembiayaan tidak dapat diketahui nilai perkembangannya di tahun 2019 karena variabel tersebut tidak signifikan pada analisis ARCH. Sehingga tidak dapat di diagnosa dalam bentuk ARCH untuk dilakukan forecast data agar diketahui tentang nilai di masa yang akan datang. Implikasi dari temuan ini adalah diperlukan upaya yang berkesinambungan dari pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam mengelola penerimaan negara yang dimanfaatkan untuk mendanai proyek yang produktif sehingga dapat mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi. 

scholarly journals ERROR CORRECTION MODEL ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANT OF STABILITY OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rismawan Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Banking Credit ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

The current condition of economic openness is both an opportunity and a challenge that must be faced wisely by the government. Liberalization and economic integration will have an impact on financial market liberalization, which is highly vulnerable to create crisis in a banking system. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the stability of the financial system in Indonesia by using the Error Correction Model (ECM). The variables used in this research is Capital Banking Credit sourced from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Money Supply sourced from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) between 2010 and 2015. The results of the study show that; 1) ECT coefficient which has negative and significant value explains that the model is valid. 2) Inflation significantly affects the stability of the financial system in Indonesia in the long and short term

scholarly journals Dampak Penerapan Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) Gula di Tingkat Eceran Terhadap Harga Gula Petani dan Stabilitas Harga Gula

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-162
Author(s):  
Yati Nuryati ◽  
Bagus Wicaksena ◽  
Dwi Wahyuniarti Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Price Stabilization ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Sugar Price ◽  
Auction Price ◽  
The Government

Abstrak Pemerintah berupaya menjaga stabilitas harga bahan pangan pokok melalui berbagai kebijakan penetapan harga. Salah satunya adalah kebijakan penetapan Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) pada komoditas gula. Dalam implementasinya, penerapan HAP Gula di tingkat eceran dinilai berdampak pada penurunan harga gula di tingkat petani/produsen. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penerapan HAP Gula terhadap harga lelang gula petani dan stabilitas harga gula, dan merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan HAP Gula yang efektif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis ekonometrik melalui Error Correction Model (ECM), hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan HET berpengaruh terhadap harga lelang gula petani dalam jangka pendek. Dalam jangka panjang, harga lelang gula petani lebih ditentukan oleh harga gula impor, stok gula nasional, dan harga lelang gula pada periode sebelumnya. Kebijakan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga lelang gula yaitu penerapan PPN Gula. Kajian ini merekomendasikan bahwa penetapan kebijakan HAP pada komoditi gula dapat terus dilakukan dalam rangka stabilisasi harga dengan melakukan evaluasi secara berkala. Pemerintah dapat mempertahankan HAP gula sebesar Rp 12.500/kg yang didukung oleh beberapa hal yaitu: menangguhkan penerapan PPN gula petani; mengawasi keberadaan satgas pangan; menerapkan pengawasan pasar gula yang memberikan kepastian pada petani, pabrik gula, dan konsumen. Kata Kunci:  Kebijakan HAP, Error Correction Model (ECM), Stabilisasi Harga Gula   Abstract The Government strives to keep price stability of staple food through price policy, the so-called “Harga Acuan Pembelian (HAP) for sugar”. During its implementation, the policy has given negative impact on farm gate price. This study aims to analyze the effect of HAP for sugar to farm gate price which is reflected in auction price as well as its impact to price stabilization, and formulate effective policy recommendations on HAP for sugar. Using Error Correction Model (ECM), the study shown that HAP for sugar significantly impacted the auction price yet in the short term. While for the long term, the auction price of sugar was more affected by import sugar price, national sugar stock, and sugar auction price in previous period. Moreover, the implementation of value added tax (VAT) on sugar affected significantly to the auction price. The study recommended the HAP for sugar can be consistently implemented with periodic evaluation. Accordingly, the Government can maintain the prevailing HAP at Rp 12.500/kg which has to be supported by forgoing the VAT policy on sugar; monitoring the role of task force; and strongly supervising the domestic sugar market that is favourable to farmers, sugar millers, and consumers. Keywords: Price Policy, Error Correction Model (ECM), Sugar Price Stabilization JEL Classification: E31, Q13,Q18

scholarly journals The Impact of Bank Credits on the Manufacturing Sector in Nigeria (1980-2015)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Otubu, Osaretin Paul
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the impact of bank credits on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015. The broad objective of the study is to examine the impact of bank credits on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria between 1980 and 2015. The econometrics methods of ordinary least squares, co-integration, error correction model and granger causality test were used as the main analytical tools. From the estimated error correction model, we found that bank credits to the manufacturing sector had a positive impact on the manufacturing sector output. Government expenditure, gross capital formation and tertiary school enrolment conforms to apriori expectation. A bank credit was found to be necessary for influencing or boosting manufacturing sector output. In addition, the granger causality result reveals that there is causal relationship between bank credits and manufacturing sector output in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that the cost of borrowing should be reduced, and relevant authorities should maintain a sustained effort aimed at making sure that banks strictly comply with the credit concession granted to the manufacturing sector, and the government should provide social amenities and conducive environment for industrialization.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Fundamentals and Budget Deficit Nexus: Evidence from a Developing Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Gbenga Peter Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
National Income ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Fluctuations ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Fundamentals ◽  
The Government

The increasing budget deficit of the Nigeria’s government in the past few decades with its attendance impact on the economy is worrisome. This study examines the impacts of macroeconomic fundamentals on Nigeria’s fiscal deficit. An error correction model was specified and estimated. In terms of sign and size, the result showed that, there is an inverse relationship between budget deficit and the external reserve. This implies that an increase in the external reserve, leads to a decrease in budget deficits. A unit increase in external reserves resulted in 12.4 percent fall in budget deficit. In contrast, however, national income and interest rate showed a positive relationship with budget deficit. Increase in income expands the potential and propensity to spend. Lenders are equally more disposed to lend to the government because of the presupposed economic prosperity. The lagged value of the error correction term has the expected inverse sign of -0.42, and highly significant. The negative value of the error correction model further supports the co-integration relationship among the variables. Thus, macroeconomic variables influence budget deficits. Economic policies which minimizes macroeconomic fluctuations is paramount in curbing the negative impacts of increasing government deficit in the economy.   Received: 2 May 2021 / Accepted: 15 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

scholarly journals Pengaruh Harga Daging Sapi Internasional, Kurs, dan GDP Per Kapita terhadap Impor Daging Sapi di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-345
Author(s):  
Yusril Ihza
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Beef Prices

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi impor daging sapi di Indonesia. variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Harga Daging Sapi Internasional, Kurs, GDP Per Kapita dan impor daging sapi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data tahunan deret waktu dari tahun 1989 sampai dengan 2015 yang dari Kemendag, International Financial Statistik, Worldbank. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Error Correction Model (ECM) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, dalam jangka panjang harga daging sapi internasional berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap impor daging sapi. Harga daging sapi internasional yang lebih murah daripada harga daging sapi domestik mengakibatkan konsumen lebih memilih daging sapi internasional yang telah di impor ke dalam negeri, hal tersebut mengakibatkan produk lokal tidak bisa bersaing dengan produk impor dan pasar dalam negeri dikuasai oleh negara lain. Dengan kondisi tersebut, maka saran yang diberikan oleh peneliti yaitu Pemerintah harus bersunguh-sungguh dalam memberikan kebijakan program swasembada daging sapi dan subsidi kepada peternak sapi potong di Indonesia yang selama ini belum mencapai target, sehingga pasar dalam negeri tidak dibanjiri oleh produk luar negeri dengan begitu produk dalam negeri dapat bersaing dengan produk luar negeri. The study aims to analyze and findsout the factors that affect the import of beef in Indonesia. The variables used in this study are International Beef Prices, Exchange Rates, GDP Per Capita, and beef imports. The data used in this study is the annual time series data from 1989 to 2015 from the Ministry of Trade, International Financial Statistics, Worldbank. The method used in this research is Error Correction Model (ECM).The results show that, in long term international beef price have negative and significant effect to beef import.  Cheaper international beef prices than domestic beef prices result in consumers preferring imported international beef, which results in local products being unable to compete with imported products and domestic markets controlled by other countries. Under these conditions, the suggestion given by researcher is the government must be serious in giving the policy of self-sufficiency program of beef and subsidy to beef cattle farmers in Indonesia which has not reached the target, so that the domestic market is not flooded by foreign products so domestic products can compete with the product overseas.

scholarly journals Components for Measuring the Efficiency of the Intervention Measures to Support Business, Initiated and Implemented by the Government of Lithuania during the First Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Jelena Nikolajenko ◽  
Rasa Viederytė ◽  
Agnė Šneiderienė ◽  
Ignas Aničas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Main Components

A lockdown is a set of restrictive actions, in the implementation of which countries face a case of chain reaction: In order to protect human lives and health, the states, due to imbalances in fiscal and monetary policies caused by uncollected planned revenues and unplanned excessive budget expenditures, experience a socio-economic recession. The current paper focuses on the first lockdown implemented in Lithuania to control the spread of COVID-19, which took place from 16 March, 2020 until 16 June, 2020. The main object of the paper is the components that defined the efficiency of the government intervention measures intended to support businesses affected by the first lockdown regime. By generating the mentioned components, we followed the principle of the philosophy of sustainable development: the interdependence of economic, social, environmental, and institutional elements; coherence; and sustainable development. Efficiency is the art of choice, where it is necessary to anticipate the final aim, resulting in maximum benefit from the arrangement of the available limited resources. However, in order to measure the effectiveness of government interventions, we were faced with differences in interpretations of the measurement of the effectiveness of policy decisions. In the course of the research, after analysing secondary data, we identified and, by means of modelling techniques, visualised the main components to estimate the efficiency of the government intervention measures. The theoretical model demonstrated that economic instruments—volume, price, time, transparency, and results—defined the efficiency of their implementation.

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