scholarly journals Ensuring the Central Bank Discretion in Issuing Stabilization Loans in Times of Covid-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Oleg Podtserkovnyi ◽  
Kristina Vozniakovska
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Forecasting Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Restrictive measures imposed by governments around the world to counter the Covid-19 pandemic undoubtedly have a negative impact on the economy. One of the instruments of the state, which makes it possible to save entire sectors of the economy, including the banking sector, from bankruptcy, is the stabilization loans of the central bank. Accordingly, the analysis of the discretionary powers of central banks and their governing bodies in issuing stabilization loans to overcome the economic consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic is relevant and timely. The authors used different scientific methods, such as the dialectical method, the method of comparison, the method of elementary-theoretical analysis and synthesis, the hermeneutic and the forecasting analysis. As a result of the study, the authors substantiated a definition of the powers of the governing body of the central bank in making decisions on the provision of stabilization loans to banks, as part of the function of the central bank to maintain the stability of the national currency and the indicative regulation of banks. The authors concluded that there is a need for an expanded approach to the limits of the discretion of the central bank, on the basis of harmonization of economic purpose of decisions on the issuance of stabilization loans to banks, in accordance with the constitution and the laws.

YOUTH CRIMINAL SUBCULTURE AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF THE PERSONALITY OF A MINOR CRIMINAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
VERA SHUNYAEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
System Research ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Method Analysis

The article is devoted to the research of the youth criminal subculture and its impact on the personality of under-aged. In the course of analysis of this negative impact, a definition of the criminal subculture of under-aged was proposed. The main principles of such a criminal subculture as AUE (the acronym, transcribed from Russian: АУЕ or А.У.Е., comes from «Арестантский уклад един» / “Prisoners Unity (Solidarity)” are defined. The reasons contributing to the development of this negative phenomenon and the typical fea- tures of a minor sharing the ideology of the AUE were identified. The methods for counteracting the AUE were proposed. The method- ological basis of the research is formed by general scientific methods: dialectical, system research method, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, etc., as well as such private scientific methods as comparative legal, formal legal, structural and functional, statistical ones. The authors relied on the results of research by Russian and foreign legal scholars, sociologists, psychologists.

Opportunities for improving the insider laws: A comparative analysis of the practice in the USA and Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-814
Author(s):  
E.K. Ovakimyan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Market Manipulation ◽  
Insider Information ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legislative Perfection ◽  
Definition Of

Subject. The article examines the laws regulating insider trading. Objectives. The study outlines recommendations for refining Law On Countering the Illegal Use of Insider Information and Market Manipulation and Amendments to Some Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation, № 224-ФЗ of July 27, 2010. Methods. The methodological framework includes a general dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deductions, and some specific methods, such as comparative and formal logic analysis to specify the definition of insider information, structural logic and functional analysis to improve the mechanism for countering insider trading and market manipulation. Results. We discovered key drawbacks to be addressed so as to improve the business environment in Russia. Although the Russia laws mainly mirror the U.S. laws, they present a more extended list of terms concerning the insider information. I believe the legislative perfection should be continued. Conclusions and Relevance. The study helps apply the findings to outline a new legislative regulation or amend the existing ones, add a new mention on the course of financial markets to students’ books, develop new methods for detecting and countering and improving the existing ones. If all parties to insider relationships use the findings, they will prevent insider trading crimes in financial markets and (or) reduce the negative impact of such crimes on the parties.

scholarly journals Reliable Learning with PDE-Based CNNs and DenseNets for Detecting COVID-19, Pneumonia, and Tuberculosis from Chest X-Ray Images

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Anca Nicoleta Marginean ◽  
Delia Doris Muntean ◽  
George Adrian Muntean ◽  
Adelina Priscu ◽  
Adrian Groza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Direct Training ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Normal Chest ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

It has recently been shown that the interpretation by partial differential equations (PDEs) of a class of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) supports definition of architectures such as parabolic and hyperbolic networks. These networks have provable properties regarding the stability against the perturbations of the input features. Aiming for robustness, we tackle the problem of detecting changes in chest X-ray images that may be suggestive of COVID-19 with parabolic and hyperbolic CNNs and with domain-specific transfer learning. To this end, we compile public data on patients diagnosed with COVID-19, pneumonia, and tuberculosis, along with normal chest X-ray images. The negative impact of the small number of COVID-19 images is reduced by applying transfer learning in several ways. For the parabolic and hyperbolic networks, we pretrain the networks on normal and pneumonia images and further use the obtained weights as the initializers for the networks to discriminate between COVID-19, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and normal aspects. For DenseNets, we apply transfer learning twice. First, the ImageNet pretrained weights are used to train on the CheXpert dataset, which includes 14 common radiological observations (e.g., lung opacity, cardiomegaly, fracture, support devices). Then, the weights are used to initialize the network which detects COVID-19 and the three other classes. The resulting networks are compared in terms of how well they adapt to the small number of COVID-19 images. According to our quantitative and qualitative analysis, the resulting networks are more reliable compared to those obtained by direct training on the targeted dataset.

scholarly journals Формирование среды реализации цифровых инициатив сотрудников банка

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Тарас Гриценко ◽  
Жанна Передера ◽  
Анна Теряева
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
New Professionals ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

В работе рассматривается возможность формирования в банковском секторе среды, в которой сотрудники смогут самостоятельно реализовывать цифровые инициативы для развития компании и самообучения. Обоснована необходимость её наличия. Проведен анализ соответствия поставленной проблемы российским и мировым трендам на основе изучения федеральных программ и оценок рейтинговых агентств. В результате исследования разработан бизнес-процесс реализации цифровых инициатив, про-веден конкурентный анализ его преимуществ и недостатков перед традиционным подходом к обучению. The article discusses the possibility of forming in the banking business an environment in which employees will be able to in-dependently implement digital initiatives for the development of the company and self-learning. The necessity of its presence is grounded. The analysis of compliance of the problem with the trends in Russia and the world based on the study of Federal programs and ratings agencies. To attract new staff with the necessary knowledge, banks have a number of tools - business classes, sponsorship programs, mentoring, hackathons, man-agement fights, case-championships, etc. It has been revealed that new professionals with technical skills can solve complex problems and generate products. But it’s difficult for them to dive into the banking sector, study its features and offer their own solutions to problems. It was also revealed that the company is interested in product results that are practice oriented. Com-bining product results and training is only possible by creating an environment in which they can discuss their ideas, find sup-port and implement them. As a result, a business process for the implementation of digital initiatives has been formed, a competi-tive analysis of its advantages and disadvantages over the tradi-tional approach to training has been conducted. strategies. The leading method of research is the definitions according grouping to the principles of the matrix method. It was revealed that the economic security concept is disclosed using factors freely com-bined into three groups (includes: sustainability, protection of interests, ensuring sovereignty), and the most common definitions are built using words-markers: state, security, advantage, process. One of the main study results is an algorithm for constructing the definition of the economic security concept, which allows to model and refine the definition of the concept based on the initial categories, consider-ing the economic context. The author's definition is also formulated, which reflects the interrelation of such components as the protection of interests, the impact of threats, the stability preservation, inde-pendence, ensuring development, self-adaptation and self-reproduction.

Reciprocal Processes of Human Dying and Its Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Alexey E. Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Mind

Introduction. In this article, we investigate the reasons for the “disappearance” of man in the context of his rejection of God, history, culture, nature. We are interested in a two-fold approach to understanding death: a) all perishable and imitative activity is a signal of the dying of both consciousness and a person; b) a material, fractional and secular person cannot construct Beauty, Truth, Eternity. Methods. The interdisciplinary approach showed a kink in a person from different angles. The hermeneutic approach helped to reveal the inner content of the concept of “death”. The systems approach showed the breadth of the studied object of death, affecting all institutional structures and spheres of life. The structural-functional method helped to present the phenomenon of death in a detailed manifestation both in ontogeny and phylogeny. The value-institutional analysis helped to realize the stability of the social order through the fixation of basic values in the mind. General scientific methods of cognition were used: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, the unity of the logical and the historical, the ascent from the concrete to the abstract. Results. If a person does not have transcendences, then the focus of understanding narrows, and the spiritual and moral parameters are replaced by consumerist ones. If a person defends only the immanence of being, then in a lonely and lonely state, his remoteness from the Primary Source means his own sentence to contentment with the ultimate “nothing”. Charles Tylor, through the concept of a “closed” or “horizontal” world, defines the nonsense of a person who is inside a transcendental structure. Discussion and Conclusion. The theme of death has shown the “cross-cutting nature” of the problem of domination/dependence on human death throughout the history of philosophy.

scholarly journals DIGITALIZATION OF LABOR LAW:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa S. Kirillova ◽  
Andrey M. Lushnikov ◽  
Marina V. Lushnikova ◽  
Askhat A. Bikeev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article discusses some aspects of the digitalization impact on labor relations. It is concluded that the digital economy could not but affect the labor legislation, since it is economic relations and the nature of labor organization that largely determine the content and specific nature of labor legislation. It is noted that many scientific materials on this issue affect only certain aspects of the digitalization of labor relations. This is largely due to the fact that the digital economy development process in Russia began somewhat later, and therefore the first works appeared only at the beginning of XX century. However, there is already a reason to conduct a comprehensive study of the problem at the moment. The authors offer to start by highlighting some trends in the development of labor law that are caused by the digital economy. It seems that further work shall be carried out with the definition of trends to identify the risks of digital changes and develop the most optimal proposals for legislation. Based on the trend consideration results, their positive or negative impact on labor relations is noted. It is noted that digitalization opens up new opportunities for the organization of labor and employment, but it carries a huge number of threats to the stability of labor relations at the same time.

Features of Financial and Legal Incentives of Investment Activities in the Regions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Nikita K. POPADYUK ◽  
Olga V. PANINA ◽  
Sergey G. EREMIN ◽  
Andrey I. GALKIN ◽  
Alexander A. SAVELYEV
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Research of features of financial and legal incentives of investment activities in the regions. Methodological basis of the study raised issues were the following: general scientific methods of cognition generalization, analogy, analysis and synthesis, elaboration, comparison, logical method, etc. Conducted interdisciplinary analysis of literature and sources on stimulating investment activities, with particular emphasis given to the Institute financial and legal incentives. Formed the author's definition of the term ʼfinancial and legal stimulus of investment activity of regionsʼ. Studied types of financial and legal incentives of investment activities of the regions. Analyzed regional legislation and judicial practice on the subject of study places financial incentives in the legal field of regional legislation. Identified conflicts in the system of financial and legal incentives of investment activities of the regions. A proposal to optimize the preliminary control of the Prosecutor's offices of the legality of the investment legislation, in particular, the structure of which has different financial and legal incentives of investment activities in Russian regions.

scholarly journals A Study of Non Performing Advances and It’s Management With Special Reference to Punjab National Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Dr. Martha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Performance Area ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reserve Bank Of India

Banking industry plays an important role in the development of an economy. Banks have become very cautious in extending loans. The reason being mounting non-performing assets (NPAs). NPAs put negative impact on the profitability, capital adequacy ratio and credibility of banks. It is defined as a loan asset, which has ceased to generate any income for a bank whether in the form of interest or principal repayment. As per the prudential norms suggested by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), a bank cannot book interest on an NPA on accrual basis. In other words, such interests can be booked only when it has been actually received. Therefore, this has become what is called as a ‘critical performance area’ of the banking sector as the level of NPAs affects the profitability of a bank. This paper touches upon the meaning and consequently the definition of a non-Performing asset, the conceptual framework of non-performing assets, classification of loan assets and provisions. The study also evaluates the adverse effect of non-performing assets on the return on total assets of Punjab National Bank Limited for the period 2013 to 2015, 2016-17, and 2019-20. Particularly discussing some remedial measures taken up by the Bank to overcome this situation of NPA.

scholarly journals The Terminological Data Bank “Classification Parameters of Phraseological Units” as an Electronic Terminographic Product: Design Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Zhanna V. Krasnobaieva-Chernaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Bank ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Language Version ◽  
Electronic Catalog ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Bank Technology ◽  
Information Optimization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The aim of the study is to design an electronic terminographic product in the form of a terminological data bank (TDB) “Classification Parameters of Phraseological Units” with consistent implementation of infological and datological stages. The object in the study is the TDB, the focus is terms for designation of types of phraseological units (PU), which actively function in Ukrainian and Russian linguistics in the 2nd half of the 20th century to 2020. The methodology of the study is based on theoretical foundations of phraseology, terminology, applied linguistics, and computer terminography (linguistic database/data bank technology). The general and specific scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, classification, definitional analysis, identification, linguistic observation and description, selection, elements of a statistical method. The infological stage is related to the solution of a set of information problems: 1) definition of the principle of regularization of terms of phraseology, 2) selection of terms with the archeseme “phraseoclassification type” from scientific literature in order to form an alphabetical register, 3) establishment of the composition of the dedicated terminology subsystems, 4) description of terminology subsystems, 5) creation of an electronic catalog of terms for further computer processing of collected information. The main principle of systematization is the thesaurus: “terminological system – terminological microsystem – terminological subsystem – term”. The next step is to develop a datalogical scheme, which is a system of tables whose fields display information about the described terms in the form of data, for example: number, term, terminology subsystem, scientific source, definition, illustration, paradigm relations of the term. The TDB modeled in the work is a special terminology dictionary (monolingual (Ukrainian) in terms of the number of languages involved), which has 113 terms to denote types of PUs and covers 17 classifications of PUs. The TDB “Classification Parameters of Phraseological Units” is positioned as an electronic terminographic product created for storage of information, optimization and intensification of system research on fundamental issues of phraseology and phraseography, works devoted to problems of comprehensive analysis and parameterization of PUs. The prospect of the study is to create a Russian-language version of this terminographic product.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF STRATEGIC AREAS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINIAN METALLURGICAL ENTERPRISES IN ACCORDANCE WITH TENDENCIES IN EXPORT-IMPORT CHANGES

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Maryna Ivanova ◽  
Vasyl Shvets ◽  
Olena Varyanichenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Strategy Formation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. The top management of enterprises, as a rule, have to solve several strategic issues when concluding a foreign trade contract, among which the choice of strategic direction of activity and the counterparty country is the highest priority. Methods. General and specific methods of system-structural analysis and synthesis were used to formulate the author's definition of "development strategy", to identify the interrelated stages of the development strategy formation; correlation-regression analysis was applied to determine the correlation density between imports and exports for the countries involved in Ukraine’s foreign trade in metallurgical products. Results. The theoretical study of approaches to the formation of a development strategy has allowed formulating the author's definition that the enterprise development strategy is a long-term plan, which contains complex decisions on choosing the direction of enterprise’s development, defining the major goals and models of actions for the formation and effective use of its potential; it also allows the enterprise to create favourable internal and external conditions for successful completion of the main stages of development. It has been found that analysis, monitoring, diagnostics of external and internal environment are a commonly-accepted component of any process of strategy formation. The results of the correlation between import and export as elements of the system have been obtained; it has been proved that a change in import volumes occurs simultaneously with the proportional change in export volumes. Enterprises will be advised to perform foreign economic activities only with counterparties in the countries for which the correlation coefficient between exports and imports is significant. Discussion. The density of export - import links for individual types of metallurgical products is greater than 0.5, indicating a significant correlation between the two considered features. The foreign economic relations between the metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine and various countries of the world are relatively balanced in the field of exports - imports of certain types of metallurgical products. The obtained results should be taken into account in the formation of a strategy for those metallurgical enterprises in Ukraine, which are to perform or expand their foreign economic activity. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account other factors influencing the resultant indicator, i.e. import, and to introduce advanced methods for their detection and research, which, in turn, will reduce the negative impact of the environment. Keywords. Development strategy, import, export, correlation, foreign economic activity, metallurgical enterprises, metallurgical products.

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