scholarly journals Who is it okay to punch?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Gonzalez ◽  
Alexandra McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Group Attributes ◽  
Political Alignment ◽  
Race Ideology ◽  
Consistent Support

A popular contemporary meme involves the social acceptability of “punching Nazis.” This phenomenon raises the question: what characteristics make a group or member of a group more or less “punch-able”? More broadly, what group attributes yield support for physical violence against them? In this study, we build on the extant psychology literature on intergroup processes to look at what leads individuals to find physical violence against a group acceptable, and if the factors that lead to such acceptance differ from those that lead to sheer affective intolerance. We use two experimental tasks to test expectations built on prominent theories. In a “real-world rating task,” participants evaluated a series of real-world groups and individuals with varying characteristics such as race, ideology, intelligence, warmth, and tendency toward violence. Also, in a conjoint experiment, participants chose between two groups in terms of which they would support being punched, as various attributes were manipulated such as race, expressed ideological values, partisanship, income, tendency toward violence, and being described as disgusting or threatening. We find consistent support for effects of political alignment (particularly, expressed ideological values related to dominance) and perceived tendency toward violence, as well as mixed findings for race and several other factors. These findings synthesize theories on intergroup conflict with contemporary findings on affective polarization.

Modern Problems of Teaching Disciplines in the Social and Humanitarian Sphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Н. Юдина
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Real ◽  
Additional Resource ◽  
The Social ◽  
Use Of The Internet

интернет-пространство стало частью реального мира современных студентов. В наши дни особенно актуальна проблема активизации использования интернета как дополнительного ресурса в образовательном процессе. В статье приводятся результаты небольшого социологического исследования, посвященного использованию интернета в преподавании социологических дисциплин. Internet space has become a part of the real world of modern students. The problem of increasing the use of the Internet as an additional resource in the educational process is now particularly topical. The article contains the results of a small sociological study on the use of the Internet in teaching sociological disciplines.

What Can Experimental Studies of Bias Tell Us About Real-World Group Disparities?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-82
Author(s):  
Joseph Cesario
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
White Men ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Systematic Testing ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Research Tradition ◽  
The Social

Abstract This article questions the widespread use of experimental social psychology to understand real-world group disparities. Standard experimental practice is to design studies in which participants make judgments of targets who vary only on the social categories to which they belong. This is typically done under simplified decision landscapes and with untrained decision makers. For example, to understand racial disparities in police shootings, researchers show pictures of armed and unarmed Black and White men to undergraduates and have them press "shoot" and "don't shoot" buttons. Having demonstrated categorical bias under these conditions, researchers then use such findings to claim that real-world disparities are also due to decision-maker bias. I describe three flaws inherent in this approach, flaws which undermine any direct contribution of experimental studies to explaining group disparities. First, the decision landscapes used in experimental studies lack crucial components present in actual decisions (Missing Information Flaw). Second, categorical effects in experimental studies are not interpreted in light of other effects on outcomes, including behavioral differences across groups (Missing Forces Flaw). Third, there is no systematic testing of whether the contingencies required to produce experimental effects are present in real-world decisions (Missing Contingencies Flaw). I apply this analysis to three research topics to illustrate the scope of the problem. I discuss how this research tradition has skewed our understanding of the human mind within and beyond the discipline and how results from experimental studies of bias are generally misunderstood. I conclude by arguing that the current research tradition should be abandoned.

The Social Psychology of Drinking and Human Sexuality

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Experimental Social Psychology ◽  
Human Sexuality ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Psychology Literature

This article reviews the experimental social psychology literature addressing the relation between drinking and sexuality in normal adult populations. In particular, it examines the role that psychosocial, as opposed to pharmacological, factors may play in alcohol's reputation as an aphrodisiac. The action of learned cognitive expectancies and social meanings surrounding drinking are illustrated in the differential effects that drinking has on the sexual reactions of men and women and of persons with differing personality dispositions. It is concluded that to the extent alcohol serves as an aphrodisiac, it is largely through psychosocially-determined interpretations of physical states and the ease with which attributions to drinking can be used to explain violations of sexual propriety that otherwise would have ego threatening implications.

SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF RITUAL: SOME REFLECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Zh.K. Madalieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Real World ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Human Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The article discusses in detail the essence and meaning of ritual as a social action. The study of the nature of this phenomenon involves, first of all, the study of various approaches to the definition of the concept of "ritual" and related phenomena. Analyzing the existing definitions, the author comes to the conclusion that "ritual" is a certain set of actions that have symbolic meaning. The symbolism of the ritual is manifested in its connecting role with the world of the sacred, sacred. The article emphasizes that in the consciousness of a person in a traditional society, the sacred world is present in the real world through ritual. As an archaic form of culture, ritual was also a way of regulating and maintaining collective life. The ritual served as a means of integrating and maintaining the integrity of the human community, giving it stability. Therefore, the article focuses on the social functions of the ritual in both public and individual life.

Direction-Aware User Recommendation Based on Asymmetric Network Embedding

2022 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhou ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Martin Ester ◽  
Bolang Li ◽  
Chen Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Random Walk ◽  
Real World ◽  
Directed Network ◽  
Network Embedding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Direction Information ◽  
User Recommendation ◽  
Asymmetric Proximity

User recommendation aims at recommending users with potential interests in the social network. Previous works have mainly focused on the undirected social networks with symmetric relationship such as friendship, whereas recent advances have been made on the asymmetric relationship such as the following and followed by relationship. Among the few existing direction-aware user recommendation methods, the random walk strategy has been widely adopted to extract the asymmetric proximity between users. However, according to our analysis on real-world directed social networks, we argue that the asymmetric proximity captured by existing random walk based methods are insufficient due to the inbalance in-degree and out-degree of nodes. To tackle this challenge, we propose InfoWalk, a novel informative walk strategy to efficiently capture the asymmetric proximity solely based on random walks. By transferring the direction information into the weights of each step, InfoWalk is able to overcome the limitation of edges while simultaneously maintain both the direction and proximity. Based on the asymmetric proximity captured by InfoWalk, we further propose the qualitative (DNE-L) and quantitative (DNE-T) directed network embedding methods, capable of preserving the two properties in the embedding space. Extensive experiments conducted on six real-world benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed DNE model over several state-of-the-art approaches in various tasks.

Real-World Global Egalitarianism

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Darrel Moellendorf
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Political Theory ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
Egalitarian Justice

This chapter notes that normative International Political Theory (IPT) developed over the past several decades in response to political, social, and economic events. These included the globalization of trade and finance, the increasing credibility of human-rights norms in foreign policy, and a growing awareness of a global ecological crisis. The emergence of normative IPT was not simply an effort to understand these events, but an attempt to offer accounts of what the responses to them should be. Normative IPT, then, was originally doubly responsive to the real world. Additionally, this chapter argues that there is a plausible account of global egalitarianism, which takes the justification of principles of egalitarian justice to depend crucially on features of the social and economic world. The account of global egalitarianism applies to the current circumstances in part because of features of those circumstances.

scholarly journals #ODU2ODU: Testing the Benefits of a Partnership Between Sport Management Classrooms

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
Brendan O'Hallarn ◽  
James Strode
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Social Media Site ◽  
The Social

As sport management pedagogy has evolved, an effort has been made to incorporate popular and innovative social media technologies into classroom instruction. Academic research has suggested how the technology can be utilized to provide real-world skills for students and develop proficiencies in an area where many sport management graduates find employment. Notable among the recommendations about social media use by sport management scholars is a lack of research testing the efficacy of these tools in improving curricula. The current study relied on the recommendations of Sanderson and Browning (2015) to use the social media site Twitter to create online partnerships, testing the perceived benefits of such an arrangement through end-of-semester surveys with student participants. While the survey data show a true partnership may be difficult to realize—particularly during a single semester—the benefits of such an assignment were clearly articulated.

scholarly journals Regulating Loot Boxes as Gambling? Towards a Combined Legal and Self-Regulatory Consumer Protection Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Y. Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Real World ◽  
Game Design ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Psychology Literature ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
A Current

Loot boxes represent a popular and prevalent contemporary monetisation innovation in video games that offers the purchasing player-consumer, who always pays a set amount of money for each attempt, the opportunity to obtain randomised virtual rewards of uncertain in-game and real-world value. Loot boxes have been and continue to be scrutinised by regulators and policymakers because their randomised nature is akin to gambling. The regulation of loot boxes is a current and challenging international public policy and consumer protection issue. This paper reviews the psychology literature on the potential harms of loot boxes and applies the behavioural economics literature in order to identify the potentially abusive nature and harmful effects of loot boxes, which justify their regulation. This paper calls on the industry to publish loot box spending data and cooperate with independent empirical research to avoid overregulation. By examining existing regulation, this paper identifies the flaws of the ‘regulate loot boxes as gambling’ approach and critiques the alternative consumer protection approach of adopting ethical game design, such as disclosing the probabilities of obtaining randomised rewards and setting maximum spending limits. This paper recommends a combined legal and self-regulatory approach: the law should set out minimal acceptable standards of consumer protection and industry self-regulation should thrive to achieve an even higher standard.

scholarly journals The Tricky ’True Object’: Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination and Historicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Miklos Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
French Version ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Church

Pierre Bourdieu’s Masculine Domination was published in English in 2001, three years after the appearance of the French version. In order to deconstruct in vivo the working of sociological paradigm-alchemy, a close reading of the Bourdieusian argument is offered. After summing up the main thesis of the book, Bourdieu’s statements will be intended to be questioned, according to which the school, the family, the state and the church would reproduce, in the long run, masculine domination. The paper will also seek to identify the methodological trick of the Bourdieusian vision on history, namely that, metaphorically speaking, he compares the streaming river to the riverside cliffs. It will be argued that when Bourdieu discusses ‘the constancy of habitus’, the ‘permanence in and through change’, or the ‘strength of the structure’, he extends his paradigm about the displacement of the social structure to the displacement of the men/women relationship. Hence, it will be suggested that, in opposition to Bourdieu’s thesis, masculine domination is not of universal validity but its structural weight and character have fundamentally changed in the long run, i.e. the masculine habitual centre gradually shifted from a social practice governed by the drives of physical violence to symbolic violence.

scholarly journals Interconnection of Orwell's Novel Animal Farm as a Micro-Universe and Our Macro-Universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Salim Kadhim Abass
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
George Orwell ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Novel ◽  
Animal Farm ◽  
Analytical Approaches

George Orwell is best known for his allegorical political novel, Animal Farm (1945), written in the period of Modernism in English literature. This novel is read as an offensive on totalitarianism in general, and a political satire against Stalinism Communist totalitarianism in particular. The current paper is conducted to investigate the relationship between the micro-universe which is represented by the narrative text of Orwell's novel Animal Farm, and macro-universe which represents the reality or the real world. The main aim of this study is to determine the interconnection of the micro-universe (the narrative text), and the macro-universe (the reality) through finding a convergence between the topics and events of the narrative text and our real world. Marxist Criticism and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) are used together as analytical approaches to investigate the selected narrative text and the historical, political, and social context in which the narrative text was written. The findings of this study points out that the narrative text of Animal Farm represents reality. This confirms the social and moral function of the committed literature which expresses human sufferings and aspirations for better conditions. The significance of the current study lies in provides better comprehension of the interconnection of the narrative text and reality as a missing feature in literature on this novel. This study contributes to literature on Orwell's novel Animal Farm particularly, and the field of the political English novels in general. Thus, this study extends the base of the researchers' knowledge in this literary area. Keywords: Micro-universe and Macro-universe, Modernism, Totalitarianism, Animal Farm.

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