scholarly journals The Evolution of the Discipline of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah in Islamic History

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
International Journal of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh Studies
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Distinct Body

The discipline of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah is a body of knowledge that is both impactful and esteemed. It has existed in some shape or form since the time of the Prophet s.a.w. and his companions until the modern era. It ought to be said that this body of knowledge did not materialize at once. In fact, it has gone through various stages of evolution until it reached its current form as a distinct body of knowledge and turned into an academic discipline. Scholars started looking at this body of knowledge academically towards the beginning of the fourth century A. H. and beyond. Among the pioneers in this field were: Imam of al- Ḥaramayn al-Juwaynī in his book, al-Burhān fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, then Imam al-Ghazālī in his book, al-Mustaṣfā fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh, then Imam Al-‘Iz bin ‘Abd al-Salām in his book, Qawā’id al-Aḥkām fī Maṣāliḥ al-Anām, and al-Shāṭibī in al-Muwāfaqāt, who is considered the reference in this discipline. Then came Ibn ‘Ashūr and his book, Maqāṣid al-SharīÑah al-Islāmiyyah; he is considered as the leader of this discipline in the modern age. In the context of the evolution and revival of modern Islamic thought and its major Islamic disciplines, there is increasing interest in the study of the higher objectives of Sharī'ah (Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah) because it represents the fundamental values of Islam and its basic doctrines and legislative principles. It comprises the basic ingredients of permanency, uniformity, and harmony of the revival of Islamic thought in its myriad issues and dimensions. The interest in this field continues to rise to the extent that you can coin the term Maqaṣidic Revival in the various Islamic disciplines and thought.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Quranic Lectures of Dr.Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi and Maulana Dr. Sher Ali Shah

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Dr. Saeed Ul Haq Jadoon ◽  
M. Saeed Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
International Level ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The People ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Modern Era

The teaching and learning of Quran is a great blessing that is why the Islamic scholar have played a pivotal role in this regard. They also intensified their efforts immensely in publishing of Quranic knowledge. Allah took great services of Quranic words and meanings fromUlama and Islamic Researchers. The modern age due to specialization which were introduced in the Holy Quran, among these one is Quranic lectures. The monumental scholars, Researchers and the experts of Quranic Knowledge deliver lectures on different subjects from which general and specific people take advantage equallly. This kind of teaching adopted the shape of permanent Art in the modern era. Dr. Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi and maulana Dr. Sher Ali Shah were also international level scholars and researchers, who were called upon by the people for Quranic lectures in country and foreign. The Quranic lectures delivered by Dr Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi and Dr.Sher Ali Shah were very beneficial for Quranic students and scholars. In this Article we discuss Comparative Study of Quranic lectures of Dr. Mahmood Ahmad Ghazi and Molana Dr. Sher Ali Shah

scholarly journals وسطية الإسلام في التعامل بين الحاكم والمحكوم

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najm Abd Rahman Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Good Care ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Real ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Modern Era

Islamic religion has been taking good care of political issues as well as other issues. Therefore, we can find verses in Quran about governance, judiciary and peace, with other verses about prayers, zakat and decency. All those verses can be linked together with one common link, true devotion to Almighty Allah, unity in accepting everything from Him, a righteous attemption to build life according to the best standard, similar to what have been prepared to our hereafter and for meeting our Lord. There are many verses in Quran about governance and succession, as well as managing people justly. Political sides of Islamic nation in the modern era are imponderable between push and pull, and between bickering and hypocritical. It has been identified that the moderation, balance and moderation of what Allah intended to have been lost. Hence, examples of cooperation between the ruler and the rule in Islamic history that embodied three case: 1. moderation and balance, 2. flattery and adulation, and 3. resistance and brawl. These are the major problem statement for this paper. This paper focuses on bringing back all muslims to the moderate model of politic that has been prescribed and legislated by Islamic teachings. Political issues such as the responsibilities of the ruler and his specifications, as well as the responsibilities of the followers and their obeyance, are described in this paper according to Quranic verses, Prophet's traditions, and traditions of the first three centuries of this Islamic nation, as these sources contributed to the real understanding of Islamic teaching.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUSTICE AND RATIONALITY IN ANCIENT, MEDIEVAL AND MODERN ERA: A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION OF MACINTYRE’S CONCEPTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Anila Yasmin ◽  
Riffat Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Modern Times ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Critical Investigation

The present study aims to explore the nature of justice and rationality and a relationship between them that how it has become a base for any society and culture in ancient, medieval and modern age. And how different thinkers present rival and compatible views about justice and rationality and how they both impact in our society. Any society benefits from having justice as a prevailing virtue. This helps ensure that wrongs will be ended and rights will be upheld thereby leading to a safer society for everyone. Its strong relation with virtues maintains that it cannot uphold without the presence of virtues. The most basic virtue is rationality without which no justice is possible. Different thinkers in ancient medieval and modern times give different views about the relationship between justice and rationality. But Macintyre holds that there is no neutral conception of justice but there are different standards of justice and rationality in every society.

The Moderating Role of Ikhtilāf (Reasoned Disagreement)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashim Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Theological Schools ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Constructive Criticism ◽  
Moderating Role

Difference of opinion and interpretation is a well-recognized feature of law and theology in Islam, originating in the fact that the bulk of the textual data of the Qur’an and hadith is open to interpretation. This has led, in turn, to the emergence of a large number of legal and theological schools throughout the Islamic history, many of which have survived to this day. This chapter reviews scriptural evidence in the Qur’an, hadith, and Islamic scholarship that support freedom of expression and interpretation in various ways, including consultation, sincere advice, independent reasoning, and constructive criticism, all pointing to the reality of ikhtilaf, diversity and pluralism in Islamic thought.

Governance in Classical Islamic Thought

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovamir Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Land Grants ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Islamic Society

Governance in Islamic history has taken many different forms. The formative period saw most innovative deployment of the Arab tribal norms under the guidance of Islamic norms and the pressure of the rapid expansion. After the conquests, the ruling elite augmented their Arab tribal form of governance with numerous institutions and practices from the surrounding empires, particularly the Persian empire. The Umayyads ruled as Arab chiefs, whereas the Abbasids ruled as Persian emperors. Local influences further asserted themselves in governance after the Abbasids weakened and as Islamization took root. After the fragmentation of the Abbasid empire by the ah 4th century/10th century ce, a distinctively Islamic society emerged whose regional rulers upheld its law and institutions such as land-grants (iqṭāʿ), taxation (kharāj and jizya), education (legal madhhab, jāmiʿ and madrasah), and judiciary (qaḍāh). A triangle of governmental authority was established, with the caliph as the source of legitimacy, symbol of community unity, and leader of religious rites; the sultan as the territorial king who maintained the army and monopoly over violence; and the scholars (ulama’) as socioreligious leaders of their respective communities. The caliph or the sultan appointed the local qāḍīs from among the ulama’, who served not only as judges and mediators but also as moral guides and administers of endowments and jurisconsults and counselors, and thus played a key role in the self-governance of classical Islamic societies.

scholarly journals Safeguarding the Rule of Law within the EU: Lessons from the Polish Experience

European View ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Niklewicz
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Current Form ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fundamental Values

The rule-of-law procedure against Poland, opened in January 2016, has painfully tested the safeguards supposed to protect the EU's fundamental values. It is now obvious that the protective mechanisms need to be strengthened. For in their current form, tested in real life for the first time, they have not dissuaded the present Polish government, led by the nationalist Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS), from seriously and continuously breaching the rules. All interested EU parties—that is, willing member states and institutions—should acknowledge this and start preparing modifications both to Article 7 of the Treaty on European Union, which includes a sanction mechanism, and to the European Commission's Rule of Law Framework, so that the EU's internal defences are strengthened for future needs.

scholarly journals Globalized Islam

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Noga Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Clash Of Civilizations ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
The West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Western Values ◽  
To Come ◽  
Born Again ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Core Issues

This book analyzes core issues of Islamic thought in the modern era byexamining Islam as both the dominant religion in the Middle East and aminority religion in the West. By considering a wide range of ideological, spiritual, and non-violent or violent events, Roy posits that contrary to popular(and erroneous) assumptions, Islamic fundamentalism derives fromglobalization, not from a clash of civilizations or religions.Roy claims that both liberalism and fundamentalism arise from globalizationand deterritorialization (i.e., the spread of Muslims and Islam beyondthe traditional Muslim world). He views neo-fundamentalists, Islamists,born-again Muslims, and radical violent groups as bit players in Islam’s continuingefforts to come to terms with western values. For example, Islamicmovements in Europe seem to be fundamentalist on the surface; but uponcloser examination, they display western values (e.g., individualization, selfrealization,spirituality, and the weakening of traditional ties and sources ofauthority). With one-third of all Muslims living outside Muslim-majoritylands, Roy believes that modern manifestations of Islam in the West (e.g.,radicalism, neo-fundamentalism, Sufism, nationalism, re-Islamization, neo-Islamic brotherhoods, and anti-westernism) evolve from globalizationinstead of a desire to return to orthodox religious practices or the allegedly“pure” Islam of an earlier time. He tells us that Islam is no longer only thetraditional faith of the Salaf (i.e., the three first and most pious generationsof Muslims), but also a mixture of modern sociological and cultural – evenwestern – elements, regardless of what modern-day Salafis claim ...

scholarly journals STUDI ATAS BERBAGAI MACAM METODE MEMBACA ALQUR’AN SEJAK TAHUN 50-AN SAMPAI SEKARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M Abduh
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Modern Era

This paper wants to describe the methods used by the teachers of the Qur'an in teaching the reading of Al-Qur'an in Indonesia, including South Kalimantan. The Qur'an is the revelation of Allah SWT sent down to the Prophet Muhammad, to be a guide of human life. In the history since the time of revelation until now, the Qur'an is always read, studied and memorized by Muslims every day, this fact proves the achievement of the purpose of naming the Qur'an (mashdar form of the word qara'a which means "reading") . The naming of the Qur'an shows that this holy book has always been preserved in the form of recitation and recitation by the qurra 'wal huffazh since the time of the Prophet until now, even in this modern age the Qur'an is increasingly preserved in the form of cassettes, CDs, etc.In accordance with the development of this modern era, then the ways of studying the Qur'an is also more advanced as well, including ways to learn to read it. If in the time of the Prophet and the companions in reading and writing the Qur'an did not experience significant difficulties, because the Qur'an is derived in Arabic itself, but after Islam developed into various corners of the world that most do not use Arabic, start the scholars of the Qur'an think of how to make Muslims who are not good at Arabic can read the Qur'an properly and correctly. Appears Imam As-Suyuthi created a method of studying the Qur'an reading under the name "Qaidah Bagdadiyah" which for hundreds of years was used by Muslims to learn to read the Qur'an. In Indonesia, around the year 1985-an emerging ustadz H. As'ad Humam of Jogyakarta created a new method called "Iqra" with 6 Volume. This method is considered easier and faster for kindergarten and elementary children in learning to read Al-Qur'an that is managed by the school system / formal. After this Iqra method, then emerged various other methods in learning to read Al-Qur'an which is the development of Iqra 'method, such as in Kalsel own Team LPTQ Prov. South Kalimantan created the "AlBanjary" method of the 1995s for elementary and junior high school ages. Then from North Sulawesi emerged ustadz Muhajir Sulton with the method "Al-Barqy" in 1997's for the adults / parents. Furthermore, more recently discovered methods that are considered faster and easier than Iqra 'method for children of kindergarten and elementary school, the method of "Tilawati".One of the causes of a long time mastering the way of reading the Qur'an is the method of learning to read by spelling or tahajji like "alif fathah a, alif kasrah i" etc. so it takes a long time a learner to master the rules of how to combine letters to find a sentence, this method also applies in some Arabian peninsula. But in essence all of them have been instrumental in creating methods (ways) in the effort to learn to read the Qur'an for Muslims, each method must have advantages and disadvantages, then this paper would like to describe the various methods in learning to read Al-Qur ' which is considered popular among Muslim communities and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Peranan aliran murji’ah dalam membangun Kehidupan toleransi di masa modern

FIKRAH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Muhamad Nurudin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The World ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Passive Group ◽  
Islamic Literature

This paper explores the tolerance in the modern era. Tolerance is an important component in building a plural society aiming at living together without being distinguished from each other. Conversely, the lack of tolerance has the potential to threaten the unity especially in the context of the nation, like Indonesia. The awareness of diversity in thinking and acting will add harmonious life and tolerance, such as the <em>Murji'ah</em> group. This research used qualitative methods that are library research by using Islamic literature as the main reference. Therefore, it can be said that the difference in the world of Islamic thought has long been developed. It is in line with the teachings offered by the <em>Murji'ah</em> group. Although in its development this group is divided into two major groups namely the moderates (<em>Mutawasith</em>) and extreme (Mutasaddid). Since the Murji'ah no longer grew as a dynamic stream, but turned into a passive group. Nevertheless, the original character remains visible that is a tolerant attitude.

scholarly journals The Role of Aqal in Contemporary Islamic Thought

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 27-63
Author(s):  
Shaikhah Shikh Nasir ◽  
Rahmah Ahmad H. Osman ◽  
Nurul Shafiqah Muhamad Shatir ◽  
Min Hailong
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Thought ◽  
Modern Era

This research derives after the aggravation of the issues of the modern era, which we almost lacked in the presence of an appropriate solution that treats these issues from their roots, in addition to the recession that occurred in Islamic thought, as this crisis will disappear by Allah's permission and by the efforts of Muslims who believe the grace of Aqal that Allah grants us to think, and ponder, also Aqal has a major role in reforming and renewing contemporary Islamic thought through ijtihad, which comes after the basic sources of legislation position. Islam is a religion that motives us to search in contemporary matters that have emerged with the developments of the eras over the time.

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