Therapeutic activity of Thonningia sanguinea aqueous extract, Vahl on an experimental colibacillosis in chicken

Broiler breeding is faced with serious diseases, including colibacillosis, which is the leading cause of antibiotic therapy and the second leading cause of mortality in poultry after salmonellosis. It is caused by avian pathogens of E. coli. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea on certain therapeutic parameters in broiler chickens during experimental colibacillosis compared to a usual antimicrobial against colibacillary diarrhea (colistin). For each parameter, three lots of chicken meat were used: two treated batches, one with the plant extract and the other with colistin and one untreated contaminated batch (control). The study was spread over two weeks and for one week each chicken in the treated batch absorbed 500 mg of plant extract daily. The results show that the aqueous extract of this plant causes an improved clinical index, increased mean weight gain, reduced organ damage, elimination of germs in affected organs, and decreased mortality compared to the control group. On all the parameters, other than the moisture content, the plant extract had a more beneficial effect than colistin. Under these conditions, this plant could be used as a veterinary product to control avian colibacillosis.

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Effect of Aqueous Extract of Thonningia sanguinea on Blood Electrolytes of Broilers Chickens

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i6.4539 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Kouakou Severin KONAN ◽

Aboya Jean-Luc MOROH ◽

Wawa Justine TIEKPA ◽

Jean-David N’GUESSAN

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Electrolytes ◽

Blood Electrolytes ◽

Weight Growth ◽

Consumption Index ◽

Thonningia Sanguinea

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea on blood electrolytes of broiler chickens. To do this, two hundred (200) 15-day-old Hubbard broiler chickens were divided into 2 batches of 100 chickens each. The chickens in the control group (Batch C) received unsupplemented water while those in the test group (Batch E) received water supplemented with 10 g / L of aqueous extract of T. sanguinea for one week. Then, the zootechnical parameters such as weight growth, weight gain, consumption index and the level of serum electrolytes were determined. The results of the study showed that the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea improved weight growth, weight gain and consumption index. At the same time, the results also showed that T. sanguinea did not significantly (p <0.05) affect the level of blood electrolytes of broilers chickens. From the results obtained in the present study, the aqueous extract of Thonningia sanguinea could be used to improve poultry productivity without damage on blood electrolytes. Keywords: Thonningia sanguinea; chicken broilers; Blood electrolytes; Zootechnical parameters

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Hepatoprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina (Astereaceae) Extract on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123371 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3371

Author(s):

Bemela Mawulom Tokofai ◽

Kokou Idoh ◽

Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke ◽

Amegnona Agbonon

Keyword(s):

Carbon Tetrachloride ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Treated Group ◽

Hepatoprotective Effect ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Hepatocellular Damage ◽

Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (VALE) on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity (CCl4) in broiler chickens. A total of 360-day-old broilers were divided into 4 treatments of 90 birds each consisting of 6 replicates of 15 birds each. The treatments were birds offered 1 mL/kg BW saline (control group), 100 mg/kg BW VALE, 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (CCl4-treated group), and 100 mg/kg BW VALE + 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (VALE + CCl4 group). Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age and analyzed for the liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and selected biochemical parameters. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The results obtained showed that VALE had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of CCl4 on protein and lipid metabolism as reflected in the low serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is a marker of lipid peroxidation. The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed a moderate hepatoprotective effect by reducing serum AST levels (p < 0.05). The levels of serum AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were significantly increased in CCl4-treated birds compared to the control group, reflecting carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The VALE + CCl4 group showed a significantly higher amount of ALP compared to birds treated with carbon tetrachloride, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. To conclude, Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract can be used to confer protection against hepatotoxicity, which can induce severe hepatocellular damage in birds.

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Effects of Sweet Potato Leaves, Roselle Calyces and Beetroot on Body Weight, Selected Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Broiler Chicken

Journal of Biology and Life Science ◽

10.5296/jbls.v10i2.14620 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Gaymary George Bakari ◽

Robert Arsen Max ◽

Shedrack Reuben Kitimu ◽

Shaabani Mshamu ◽

Benigni Alfred Temba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

The study was conducted to assess the effects of sweet potato leaves, roselle calyces and beetroot tubers on body weight, selected hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Eighty four (84) broiler chickens aged four weeks were randomly assigned into six groups of 14 chickens each. The first group (G0) remained as untreated control while the other groups were the treated groups which received 25% of ground sweet potato leaves (G1), rosella calyces (G2), beetroot tubers (G3) and their mixtures (G4 and G5) for 28 days. Following inclusion of these different vegetables, blood samples were collected and analyzed for selected hematological and biochemical parameters on day 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Results showed that consumption of the three vegetables caused significant decreases (p < 0.05) in body weight, serum glucose and cholesterol. On the other hand, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell (WBC) counts were shown to increase significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. It is concluded that the hypoglycemic and hypocholesteremic effects in chickens following consumption of the three vegetables together with their positive effects on PCV and WBC counts are important qualities which can be utilized in the management of conditions such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis and coronary disease) in humans. Further studies in other animals are recommended.

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Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2727-2734 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2727-2734

Author(s):

Reham Elnagar ◽

Rasha Elkenany ◽

Gamal Younis

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

E Coli ◽

High Prevalence

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

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Effect of extracts of Allium porrum in some hematological parameters of rat

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal ◽

10.3329/bsmmuj.v11i1.35347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Azhar Shya Y. Albsaysi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Allium Porrum ◽

Alcoholic Extract

<p>The research was aimed to know the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Allium porrum on some hematological parameters of rats. This study used 35 rats and the males divided into groups. These groups are administrated by different concentrations (200, 400, and 800) mg/kg from each extract daily for one week to study the parameters of hematological parameters compared to control group. The treatment with A. porrum extracts led to increasing RBC and P.C.V. for all extract concentrations and to both kinds. The aqueous extract 800 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> were more significant than the other levels. A significant increase in hemoglobin concentration for aqueous extract 800 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg and alcoholic extract 800 mg/kg and alcoholic extract 800 mg/kg were more significant than the other levels and a significant decrease in WBC number for alcoholic extract 400 mg/kg compared to control group.</p>

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Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine and Commercially Available Lectin against Avian Pathogenic E. coli Infection in Broiler Chickens

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7020065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed I. Abd El-Mawgoud ◽

El-Shayma El-Nahass ◽

Salama A.S. Shany ◽

Azza A. EL-Sawah ◽

Al-Hussien M. Dahshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

E Coli ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Preventive Medication ◽

Challenge Group

In this study, the protective efficacy of an E. coli live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group. Three groups were vaccinated at day 1 with the avian colibacillosis live vaccine of which one group served as a vaccinated nonchallenged group. Another two groups were treated with lectin product (0.5 mL/L drinking water) for three days before the challenge. The last two groups served as challenge control for either E. coli O78 or O125 strains. The challenge was conducted at three weeks of age with either homologous O78 or heterologous O125 E. coli strains, using 0.5 mL/bird of each avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strain (~108 colony forming units “CFU”/mL)/subcutaneously. The bodyweight and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for four weeks. Clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions were scored at two and seven days post inoculation (dpi). The heart and liver of euthanized chickens at 2 dpi were removed aseptically and homogenized to evaluate pathogenic E. coli colonization. Results showed that live avian colibacillosis vaccine reduced mortalities and APEC colonization in the homologous challenge group but not in the heterologous challenge group. Lectin-treated groups showed 20% and 16% mortality after challenge with E. coli O78 and O125, respectively, and both groups showed performance parameters, clinical signs, and histopathological lesion scores comparable to the negative control group, with variable E. coli colonization of heart and liver. The study demonstrated the efficacy of live attenuated avian colibacillosis vaccine against homologous but not heterologous APEC challenge in broiler chickens. The lectin-containing products can be used as a preventive medication to reduce the clinical impacts of colibacillosis regardless of the challenge strain. Standardization of the evaluation parameters for APEC vaccines is recommended.

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Antimicrobial resistance prevalence of pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli in food-producing animals in Belgium

Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift ◽

10.21825/vdt.v83i5.16634 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Chantziaras ◽

J. Dewulf ◽

F. Boyen ◽

B. Callens ◽

P. Butaye

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Commensal Bacteria ◽

The Other ◽

E Coli ◽

Veal Calves ◽

Veal Calf

In this article, detailed studies on antimicrobial resistance to commensal E. coli (in pigs, meatproducing bovines, broiler chickens and veal calves) and pathogenic E. coli (in pigs and bovines) in Belgium are presented for 2011. Broiler chicken and veal calf isolates of commensal E. coli demonstrated higher antimicrobial resistance prevalence than isolates from pigs and bovines. Fifty percent of E. coli isolates from broiler chickens were resistant to at least five antimicrobials, whereas sixty-one percent of bovine E. coli isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. On the other hand, bovine pathogenic E. coli isolates showed an extended resistance profile with more than half of the isolates being resistant to ten or more antimicrobials. The results are not significantly different from the results from previously published studies on commensal bacteria in pigs in Belgium, although different methodologies of sampling and susceptibility testing were used.

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Isolation of four types of bacteria that cause kidney damage in broiler chickens

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v29i1.860 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Harith M. Al-Hiyali

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Experimental Infection ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Kidney Damage ◽

The Other ◽

Distilled Water ◽

E Coli ◽

Colony Forming Unit ◽

Causative Agents

This study was conducted on 80 cases of damaged kidneys received bypoultry disease diagnostic centers in Baghdad. Four microorganisms were isolatedE.coli , Proteus milabilis , Pseudomonas aregenosa and Klebsiella pneumoniaand formed 55, 22.5 , 17.5 ,and 5% of the infection respectively . While no anykind of bacteria were isolated from kidneys of healthy chicks. To be sure the E.coli could be a cause of kidney damage. An experimental infection with E.coliwas carried out on 40 chicks, three weeks old, and randomly divided into twogroups. Chicks of the first group was inoculated intravenously with 0.5 ml of fieldisolated E. coli suspension containing 2x107 colony forming unit (CFU), while thesecond group was inoculated with 0.5 ml distilled water and considered as controlgroup. The results revealed that chicks inoculated with E.coli showed 70%mortality rate with severely congested swollen kidneys with acute interstitialnephritis. However, this study gave information on kidney damage widely spreadat this time; therefore, it could be recommended for other studies to be hold in thefuture on the other causative agents of each case.

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Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Pearl Millet Supplemented with Enzyme on the Carcass and Haematological Values of Broiler Chicken

Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajaar/2020/v14i430140 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

John Amedu Edache ◽

Lydia Inyam ◽

Stephen Ejembi Edache

Keyword(s):

Pearl Millet ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Energy Content ◽

Control Diet ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Haematological Values ◽

Feeding Diets

Pearl millet, which is comparable to maize in terms of its metabolizable energy content is an identified potential replacement for maize in broiler diets. However, as the competition and price of maize continues to spike, the continuous need to completely replace maize in broiler diets is imperative. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing pearl millet supplemented with enzyme NatuzymeTM on the carcass characteristics and haematological values of broiler chickens. 150 two weeks-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 birds per pen translating into 10 birds per replicate and fed an isonitrogenous (23%CP) starter diet of control diet (A); 0% (B); 10% (C); 20% (D); 30.01% and (E) 37.41 % pearl millet. Similarly, an isonitrogenous (21%CP) finisher diet of control diet (A); 0% (B); 10.64% pearl millet (C); 21.28% (D); 31.92% and (E) 39.27 % of pearl millet for 6 weeks. The birds were randomly allotted to the diets in a completely randomized design with feed and water given ad libitum. With the exception of drumstick of birds fed diet D which was significantly lower than the other diets, the results showed that the carcass values (parameters) of broilers fed 100% pearl millet were similar or non-superior to the control group and the other diets. Similarly, blood parameters were not significantly different between groups. These results show that pearl millet supplemented with enzyme can replace maize in broiler diets without affecting carcass yields and haematological parameters.

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Bagian Biomedis Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Jember Jember, Indonesia

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v10i1.248 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

I Dewa Ayu Ratna Dewanti

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

The Other ◽

Control Group ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Phagocytosis Activity

Neem is one of the traditional medicine known by society as immunomodulator. On the other hand, 80% of oralinfection diseases is caused by C. albicans. This research is aimed to explain the phagocytosis activities on wistarrats which were inoculated with C. albicans and fed with neem leaves. There are 5 groups, namely control group(KO)with no treatment, the other treatment groups were classified into 4 groups. First group (KP1)was inoculatedwith C. albicans only. KP2 was fed with 50 mg/day/kg BW aqueous extracts from neem leaves, then inoculated withC. albicans start from day 8-21. KP3 was fed with 100 mg/day/kg BW aqueous extract from neem leaves, theninoculated with C. albicans start from day 8-21. KP4 was fed with 200 mg/day/kg BW aqueous extract from neemleaves, then inoculated with C. albicans start from day 8-21. On day 22, the tongue was swabbed for each group,then cut for immunohistochemistry preparation. The study that there was significant difference showed that therewere different results computed using anova, HSD test, and linier regression. The conclusion was neem leavesincreased the phagocytosis activity of wistar rats, inoculated with C.albicans.

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