scholarly journals Forensic age assessment using Kvaal’s method with digital orthopantomographs (OPG) and comparison with the actual age of the subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Azia Manzoor ◽  
Vinka Maini ◽  
Wasim Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Lower Canine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
The Individual

Background: Forensic Dentistry is one of the branch of Forensic Medicine which deals with the complete handling of dental evidence, estimation and examination and the evidence obtained would be used in the court for justice. Kvaal and Solheim given a method used on adults for calculation of age with the help of morphological and radiological methods, but extraction was still required. Hence to improve this procedure Kvaal et al made a method which is totally based on radiological analysis. Aims and Objective: The present study was designed to compare the forensic age assessment using Kvaal’s method and digital orthopantomographs with the actual age of the subjects. Materials and Methods: Present observational study was conducted in subjects with all the required complement of teeth on either right or left side, completely erupted clinical crown, without any morphological abnormalities for age estimation by Kvaal’s method with digital orthopantomograph as and compared with actual age of subjects. Results: In the present study out of 100 subjects, maximum number of subjects i.e. 61 were in the age group of 20 – 29 and minimum number of subjects i.e. 7 were in the age group of 50 –59. 43 were females and 57 were males. The regression equation was derived for all six studied teeth and coefficient of determination R2 was found for all the individual six teeth. Coefficient of determination was highest for lower first premolar (0.517) followed by upper central incisor (0.178), lower canine (0.134), lower lateral incisors, upper second premolar and upper lateral incisors. M & W-L were found significant predictors for lower first premolar, lower canine and upper central incisors. Similarly, coefficient of determination (R2) was significant higher for lower three teeth (0.478) than upper three teeth (0.069) with M & W-L were significant predictor. Regression equation derived for all six teeth together shows significant coefficient of determination R2(0.430) with M, W-L both are significant predictors. No statistically significant difference between the actual age and estimated age for all individual six teeth was noted. Mean difference lowest for lower first premolar (0.001) followed by lower canine (0.007). Conclusion: We noted that age assessment using Kvaal’s method with digital orthopantomographas and actual age of the subjects were comparable & no significant difference was noted. Kvaal’s method with digital orthopantomographas is a better option for age estimation without teeth removal.

EVALUATION OF THE SKELETAL AGE METHOD OF ESTIMATING CHILDREN'S DEVELOPMENT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
DONALD MAINLAND
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Quick Method ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

An observer's variable error in skeletal age assessment of hand RGs (i.e., the irregular ion between independent readings of the same film) was studied on 1,124 readings of 326 films from 233 children aged 16 months to 17 years. seventy-nine of the RGs were full-size reproductions in Macyr's Nutrition and Chemical Growth in Childhood; the remainder were actual films of children in Halifax, Canada (healthy Orphanage residents and children examined in a nutrition survey). There was no significant difference in variable error associated with the atlas (Todd, Greulich-Pyle), age of child, sex, differences between skeletal and chronologic age, differences between children, or differences between RGs of the same child, except for a tendency in the Macy Series for the poorest reproductions to have a larger variable error than the best reproductions. ions. In most readings the individual indicators were assessed separately and the results averaged, but a quicker method (over-all appraisal) did not produce a significantly different variable error. The quick method may be useful in large surveys, although it appears too coarse for the study of individual children. The observer's variable error was expressed by standard deviations of approximately three months (Macy Series—both atlases; Nutritirn Series—Greulich-Pyle atlas) and four months (Orphanage Series—both atlases). With a standard deviation of three months an assessor must affix an error of ± 8.3 months to his estimate of a child's progress in skeletal age, in order to obtain confidence limits with 95% probability. If his standard deviation is four months he must allow ± 11.1 months. For evaluation of the assessment method, many observers' estimates of variable error are needed, and an appeal for data is issued. After more than 1200 readings had been made the observer's practice lapsed for about a year. Reassessment of a random sample of RGs then showed, besides variable error, a mean systematic difference of approximately three months from the previous readings of the same films with the same atlas. To avoid this risk, any two films that are to be assessed for skeletal progress should be read within a few weeks of each other, and special precautions are therefore necessary to secure independence of the two readings.

Systolic pressure predicts plasma vasopressin responses to hemorrhage and vena caval constriction in dogs

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (3) ◽  
pp. R1035-R1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry N. Thrasher ◽  
Lanny C. Keil
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Inferior Vena Caval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chronically Instrumented Dogs ◽  
Cardiac Receptors

We have proposed that the reflex increase in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion in response to hypovolemia is due to arterial baroreceptor unloading. If arterial pressure is the key to the mechanism, the slope relating plasma AVP to arterial pressure should be the same in response to hemorrhage, a model of true hypovolemia, and in response to thoracic inferior vena caval constriction (IVCC), a model of central hypovolemia. We tested this hypothesis in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs ( n = 8). The mean coefficient of determination ( r 2) values obtained from the individual regressions of log AVP onto systolic pressure (SP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in response to hemorrhage were 0.953 ± 0.009 and 0.845 ± 0.047, respectively. Paired comparisons indicated a significant difference between the means ( P < 0.05), hence, SP was used in subsequent analyses. The mean slopes relating the log of plasma AVP to SP in response to hemorrhage and IVCC were −0.034 ± 0.003 and −0.032 ± 0.002, respectively, and the means were not significantly different ( P = 0.7). The slopes were not altered when the experiments were repeated during acute blockade of cardiac receptors by intrapericardial procaine. Finally, sinoaortic denervation ( n = 4) markedly reduced the slope in both the hemorrhage and IVCC treatments. We conclude that baroreceptors monitoring arterial pressure provide the principal reflex control of AVP secretion in response to hypovolemia.

ENDOCRINE CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER THE MENARCHE

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-A. Lamberg ◽  
R.-L. Kantero ◽  
P. Saarinen ◽  
O. Widholm
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Normal Adults ◽  
Serum Tsh

ABSTRACT In an endocrine survey of healthy girls aged 8 to 20 years before and after the menarche the serum TSH was measured by radioimmunoassay along with some parameters of thyroid function which are described separately. The subjects were grouped according to the skeletal age (SA) until the menarche and after this in the post-menarcheal age (PMA) expressed in years. The TSH value was highest in the youngest age group and from then on decreased. However, within 0.5 years after the menarche another significantly elevated TSH peak occurred. There was no significant difference between the means for TSH before (5.4 μU/ml) and after the menarche (5.7 μU/ml). Both values, however, as well as the means for almost all the individual age groups, were significantly higher than the mean for 13 boys aged 12 to 16 years (3.9 μU/ml) and that for normal adults (3.6 μU/ml). When the girls were grouped according to the stage of puberty, the TSH peak at the time of menarche disappeared. When they were grouped according to SA, a gradual declining trend was seen from age 8 to 16 years. It is concluded that the maturation process in girls in some way involves a significant elevation of serum TSH and an increase in the total and free T4 level which is not dependent on binding proteins.

Estimation of Stature from Finger Length Based on the Correlation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Shekhar Kumar Yadav ◽  
Shuvechha Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Mass Disaster ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Linear Regression Equation ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
Finger Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digital Caliper

Introduction: Estimation of stature is of paramount importance in verifying the identity of an individual from the bodily remains, often after any kind of mass disaster, explosion or intentional cuts and dismantling we encounter very few bodily parts. The objective of the present study was to estimate stature from the measurement of finger length based on the principle of correlation. Methods: The present study consisted of 300 individuals (150 male and 150 female) of age group 18 to 26 years during the period of August 2017 to August 2018. Stature and finger length of individuals were measured by using stadiometer and digital caliper respectively. Data were analyzed by using statistical software SPSS-22. Results: A positive and highly significant (p<0.01) correlation was observed in both genders. Linear regression equation for stature estimation was derived using finger length and checked for their accuracy by comparing the estimated stature to measured stature. The result shows no significant difference between estimated and measured stature. Conclusions: The results indicate that the finger length provides reliable means of estimating the stature of an unknown individual based on the principle of correlation. Hence it can be of significant help in establishing the identity of an individual.

scholarly journals Déterminants de l’utilisation des services médicaux en régime d’assurance-maladie

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Hung ◽  
N. V. Phu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Income Class ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Under the regime of public health insurance, the utilization of health cares are determined by various socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the beneficiaries. These determinants are estimated in this study where we apply the dummy variable regression technique to the AMULET data bank, a 1971 cross-section of 8,608 beneficiaries in the province of Québec where most of health cares are free. In increasing order of importance, we find that : i) The individual utilization of health care is increasing with the age of beneficiaries and is higher for women than for the men for the age-group 15-50 years. This tendency is reversed for the age-group 50 years and older since the rate of increase in utilization is higher for men. There is, however, any significant difference in utilization on the basis of sex discrimination for the age-group 0-15 years. The structure age-sex, being of course a proxy of the health status of the beneficiaries, is the most important determinant of health cares utilization. ii) Individual utilization depends on the income class to which belongs the beneficiary. The beneficiaries of the highest and the lowest income class utilize more health care than those belonging to the so called "middle class". Notice however that the lowest income class in the data sample is composed in majority of aged beneficiaries. iii) The size of the beneficiaries' family is not a significant determinant of the utilization of health care for children of age-group 0-15 years. For other age-group however, utilization decreases with this family size for men, but increases for women. iv) The geographic area where the beneficiaries are identified is a weak determinant of utilization. Beneficiaries in urban area utilize more of health care than those living in rural area.

scholarly journals MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA DITINJAU DARI HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Silfy Salwa ◽  
Hasan Bisri ◽  
Agus Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Minat dalam berwirausaha harus ditumbuhkan sejak dini pada pelajar atau peserta didik. Minat merupakan kecenderungan perasaan memperhatikan serta menyukai beberapa hal atau kegiatan, minat terhadap sesuatu dipelajari terlebih dahulu dan mempengaruhi belajar selanjutnya, mempengaruhi minat-minat selanjutnya. Membentuk keberanian dalam aspek lain yang didorong oleh pendidik di lembaga sekolah yang memberikan mata pelajaran yang praktis dan menarik dapat membangkitkan minat peserta didik untuk berwirausaha. Namun berdasarkan temuan yang ada belum semua peserta didik memiliki minat berwirausaha. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh hasil belajar mata pelajaran kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha peserta didik di SMKN 1 Puncak Cisarua. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif, jenis penelitian asosiatif berupa sebab akibat. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 56 peserta didik dari populasi 80 peserta didik di SMKN 1 Puncak T/A 2016/2017. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu menggunakan angket skala bertingkat, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil akhir penelitian ini adalah signifikansi persamaan regresi dengan hasil nilai Fhitung 29.577 dan Ftabel dengan dfreg=1 dfres=54 adalah 4,02 pada taraf 5%. Dengan demikian Fhitung> Ftabel (29,577 > 4,02) sehingga H0 ditolak, artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara hasil belajar mata pelajaran kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha. Hasil koefisien determinasi yaitu 0,5952 = 0,354 dengan demikian minat berwirausaha peserta didik sebesar 35,4% dipengaruhi oleh hasil belajar, sedangkan 64,6% minat berwirausaha belajar dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain. KATA KUNCI: hasil belajar, kewirausahaan, minat berwirausaha.  ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTEREST IN TERMS OF STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMESABSTRACTInterest in entrepreneurship must be grown early to students or learners. Interest is a tendency to pay attention and like some things or activities, interest in something is learned and further can influence the next learning affects. In another aspect, the courage to form entrepreneurial driven by school teachers, schools that provide practical subjects can generate interest and attract students to entrepreneurship. However, based on the findings that there is not all the students have an interest in entrepreneurship. This study aims to determine whether there is influence learning outcomes entrepreneurship subjects to the interest in entrepreneurship students in SMK 1 Puncak Cisarua. This study uses a quantitative research approach, the type of associative research in the form of cause and effect. Samples used as many as 56 students out of a population of 80 students in SMK 1 Peak 2016/2017. Data collection techniques used is a graduated scale questionnaire, observation, interview and documentation. The final results of this study demonstrate the significance of the regression equation with the results and the value of F 29 577 Ftabel with dfreg = 1 dfres = 54 was 4,02 at the 5% level. Thus Fhitung> Ftabel (29 577> 4,02) so that H0 is rejected, meaning that a significant difference between the results of the study subjects entrepreneurial interest in entrepreneurship. The coefficient of determination is 0,5952 = 0,354 thus the interest in entrepreneurship students 35,4% influenced by the results of learning, while 64.6% interest in entrepreneurship learning is influenced by other factors. 

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

COMPARISION OF DENTAL SCORING SYSTEM WITH RADIOGRAPHIC SKELETAL SYSTEM IN AGE ESTIMATION

JKCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Sadaf Ambreen
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Skeletal Age ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Male Subjects

Objectives: To compare Demirjian Dental scoring method with Greulich-Pyle (GP) Skeletal method of age estimation in pubertal children. Materials and Methods: Sample of the study included 267 male healthy subjects of 11-16 years of age group.. Demirjian Scoring system was utilized to evaluate the orthopantomograms to assess their Dental age and the Hand-Wrist radiographs were analyzed to calculate the skeletal age by utilizing GP atlas. Chronological age was obtained from the date of birth of the subject .Both methods were compared with one another and with the chronological age. It was a cross-sectional study and only healthy male subjects without any clinical abnormalities were included in the study. Results: A total of 267 male subjects of 11-16 years of age group were assessed by Demirjian and Greulich Pyle Methods. Both were compared with Chronological Age. Data obtained was statistically analyzed and the Student “t” test was applied in the study population. The mean difference between Chronolgical age and dental age was 0.69years and that of chronological age and skeletal age was 0.87 years. It was observed from dental age assessment that it does not differ much from the skeletal age. Conclusion: It was concluded that Demirjian method of Age Estimation is more precise than Greulich Pyle method of Age Estimation. Furthermore both methods can be used selectively in Medicolegal cases to access bone age which can be easily correlated to chronological age.

PENGARUH SARANA BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA (Studi Empirical Pada Mahasiswa Beasiswa Bidikmisi UPBJJ-UT Ternate)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Raden Sudarwo ◽  
Yusuf Yusuf ◽  
Anfas Anfas
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Student Independence

This study aims to determine the influence of learning facilities and student learning motivation towards the independence of student learning. The result of the research shows that there is positive and significant influence of learning tool (X1) on learning independence (Y). It is obtained by tvalue (2,159) with p = 0,034 <0,05 and ttable at 5% significant level with df = 78 equal to 1,991. There is a positive and significant influence of learning motivation (X2) on learning independence (Y). It is obtained tvalue (7,858) with p = 0,000 <0,05 and ttable at 5% significant level with df = 78 equal to 1,991. There is a positive and significant influence of learning facilities (X1) and learning motivation (X2) simultaneously to the independence of learning (Y). This shows the coefficient of double correlation RY (1,2) = 0,746 and R² = 0,557 and price Fvalue equal to 48,980 with p = 0,000 <0,05 and Ftable = 3,11 at 5% significant level. Coefficient value X1 = 0,186 and X2 = 0,647, constant number equal to 8,650 so that can be made regression equation Y = 8,650 + 0,186X1 + 0,647X2. The higher the learning means (X1) and the learning motivation (X2), the higher the learning independence (Y). Coefficient of Determination is R² of 0,557. Means 55,7% learning independence is explained by learning tools and learning motivation. Meanwhile, 44,3% is explained by other factors not discussed in this study. The study concludes that partially, learning facilities and student learning motivation has a positive and significant effect on student independence (self-sufficiency) in learning.  In addition, both learning facility and motivation have a positive and significant effect on student learning independence or sense of self-sufficiency. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fasilitas belajar dan motivasi belajar siswa terhadap kemandirian belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan sanara belajar (X1) terhadap kemandirian belajar (Y). Hal ini diperoleh dengan nilai thitung (2,159) dengan p = 0,034 <0,05 dan ttabel pada 5% tingkat signifikan dengan df = 78 sama dengan 1,991. Ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan motivasi belajar (X2) pada kemandirian belajar (Y). Diperoleh nilai thitung (7,858) dengan p = 0,000 <0,05 dan ttabel pada taraf signifikan 5% dengan df = 78 sebesar 1,991. Ada pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan dari fasilitas belajar (X1) dan motivasi belajar (X2) secara bersamaan terhadap kemandirian belajar (Y). Hal ini menunjukkan koefisien korelasi ganda RY (1,2) = 0,746 dan R² = 0,557 dan harga Fhitung sebesar 48,980 dengan p = 0,000 <0,05 dan Ftabel = 3,11 pada taraf signifikan 5%. Nilai koefisien X1 = 0,186 dan X2 = 0,647, bilangan konstan sebesar 8,650 sehingga dapat dibuat persamaan regresi Y = 8,650 + 0,186X1 + 0,647X2. Semakin tinggi nilai sarana belajar (X1) dan motivasi belajar (X2), semakin tinggi kemandirian belajar (Y). Koefisien Determinasi adalah R² 0,557. Berarti 55,7% kemandirian belajar dijelaskan oleh alat belajar dan motivasi belajar. Sementara itu, 44,3% dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa secara parsial, baik ketersediaan sarana prasaran belajar dan motivasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan pada kemandirian mahasiswa, dari dari kedua variable tersebut motivasi mempunyai pengaruh lebih besar. Secara simultan ketersediaan sarana prasarana dalam belajar dan pembelajaran, serta motivasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kemandirian belajar.

Health Status of Senior Citizens: A Cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Beniwal ◽  
Chandrakala Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Senior Citizens ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poor Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Average Health

Aging is a series of processes that begin with life and continue throughout the lifecycle. It represents the closing period in the lifespan, a time when the individual looks back on life, lives on past accomplishments and begins to finish off his life course. It represents the accumulation of changes in person over time. The study aims to investigate the health status of senior citizens. The present study was carried out in Hisar and Sirsa district of Haryana state. A total of 400 elderly equally representing both males and females of age group 65-70 years were selected randomly for the study. Modified inventory developed by Khan and Lal (2011) was used to assess health status of senior citizens. The results of the study elucidated that health status of senior citizens depicted that 54.25 per cent of the total respondents had average health status followed by good (25.25%) and poor health status (20.50%). The most common health problems reported by the senior citizens were joint pains, back pains, blood pressure, and chest pain etc. Gender wise comparison of total sample further pointed out that females were poor in their health against males.

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