scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Syphilis among Blood Donors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Sachin Singhal ◽  
Dharmesh Chandra Sharma ◽  
Sunita Rai ◽  
Anita Arya ◽  
Prakriti Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Abstract Background: Transfusion of blood /component is an essential procedure in modern days of medical practice. As far as safe transfusion is concerned, it is a prime requirement i.e. handles TTIs infections including syphilis and other adverse events. Aims and Objectives: Focus of the present study is to assess seroprevalence and risk factors of Syphilis among blood donors in greater Gwalior  Materials and Methods: The present retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of 8 years. All the samples of voluntary and relative blood donors, who came to donate blood, were tested for transfusion transmissible infections. Prevalence of TTIs and syphilis were analyzed in the view of different parameters of donors and along with its associated risk factors. Chi square (X2) test was applied to know the significant (p value) ratio of difference statistically as required. Results: In the present study prevalence of TTIs is 3.44% and for syphilis it is 0.268%, most common age group is 40-51years (41.18%); male to female ratio is insignificant statistically. Ratio of voluntary versus relative donors was 94.21% and 5.79 %  and  male to female was 91.27% and 8.473% were female respectively. Conclusion: An advance knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the volunteer blood donors’ population regarding risk factors will most probably improve public health and increase blood safety and quality.

scholarly journals Detecting chronic kidney disease in diabetic adults by estimating glomerular filtration rate and Serum Creatinine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Kh. Mohammed Almaawi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Qualitative Variables

Objective: To assess CKD prevalence and risk factors including socio-demography among diabetics by estimating GFR rather than serum creatinine (sCr). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dec. 15 2019 through Aug. 15 2020, among 800 diabetics attending tertiary diabetes centers, Baghdad. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. SPSS was used for data analysis by (mean, standard deviation and T-test) for quantitative variables and (frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and Kappa index) for qualitative variables. P-Value less than 0.05 was considered significant.  Results: 800 diabetics for last 5-40 years, 95.6% with type2. Aged 52.1±13.2 years, with male: female ratio 1.03:1, 63.6% were with no income, sCr level was 0.86±0.3 mg/dl, and eGFR by Cockcroft Gault (CG) and CKD-EPI equations was 100.4±36.5 & 92.2±25.5 ml/min/1.73m2 respectively. CKD prevalence based on sCr, and eGFR assessed by above equations was 13.3%, 20% and 15.9% respectively (p<0.001). Those with CKD were hypertensive, females, and living in peripheries. Conclusions: Diabetic patients, mainly those with risk factors are more likely to develop CKD. It is better to detect CKD intially by estimating the GFR, rather than serum creatinine level alone. Furthermore, using CKD-EPI equation might be better than the CG formula to estimate the GFR.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors of Phlebitis in The Installation of Intravent Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hajar Acintya Farah ◽  
Bambang Sarwono ◽  
Heru Supriyatno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injection Drugs ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: A hospital is a health service facility that allows nosocomial infections, namely phlebitis. Phlebitis is a complication of intravenous catheter placement that is characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and fever. The high rate of phlebitis in various countries is due to the risk factors that predispose to the incidence of phlebitis due to intravenous catheter placement.Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors for phlebitis in intravenous catheter placement.Methodology: This study uses an observational analytic method with a cohort design. The study was conducted on 27 February - 14 March 2020 with 22 samples taken using purposive accidental sampling in the inward and RST surgery Dr. Soedjono Magelang. The instrument used was an observation sheet designed by researchers that had been tested by experts and a standard operational checklist for infusion. Data analysis uses a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results: The incidence of phlebitis was 7 respondents (31.8%) and the associated risk factors were the type of infusion fluid (RR = 4.37 CI 95% 1.09-17.58; p-value 0.020). While the factors of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic diseases, types of injection drugs, insertion location, duration of installation, nurse skills, installation techniques, and catheter size were not related to the incidence of phlebitis (p-value 0.05).Conclusion: Although several factors are not related to the incidence of phlebitis, these factors can be a support for the incidence of phlebitis. 

scholarly journals Geographical distribution of the associated factors of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, using the designated intractable disease database in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Ando ◽  
Masaki Takao ◽  
Tetsuro Tani ◽  
Keisuke Uemura ◽  
Hidetoshi Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Registry System ◽  
Registration Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Male To Female

ABSTRACT Objectives Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a designated intractable disease (DID) in Japan. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare launched an online registry system for DIDs. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of patients with ONFH using the DID database. Methods Data of patients with ONFH registered in the DID database between January 2004 and December 2013 were extracted. The incidence of new cases and distributions of sex, age, and associated risk factors were investigated. The prevalence of the two categories, ‘steroid-associated’ and ‘alcohol-associated’ risk factors, was estimated for each prefecture. Results New 15,049 cases of ONFH were investigated. The mean registration rate-corrected annual ONFH incidence per 100,000 individuals was 1.77. The male-to-female ratio was 1.33. Age distribution peaked in the 40s and 50s for male and 60s for female. The prevalence of steroid-associated ONFH was lower in males (28.6%) than in females (49.8%), while that of alcohol-associated ONFH was higher in males (47.2%) than in females (9.3%). No clear region was identified for the steroids. The incidence of alcohol-associated ONFH was significantly higher in Tokyo and Okinawa, regardless of sex. Conclusions Alcohol-associated ONFH incidence varies geographically across Japan, suggesting that it has regional characteristics.

scholarly journals The Incidence Of Tori In Malaysians- A Retrospective Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Subhi Shareif Alani
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Torus Palatinus ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Digital Caliper

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Malaysians. The objectives are to evaluate the incidence of tori according to ethnicity, to assess the incidence of tori according to gender and to determine the incidence of torus palatinus vs torus mandibularis. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in MAHSA Dental Clinic by collecting the data of 97 patients (15-74 years old) with 133 torus palatinus and torus mandibularis (2008-2014). Data included patient's age, race, gender, presence of the tori with their size; number and location. The presence of tori was confirmed by clinical inspection. Subjects were classified by their ethnicity as well as location of the tori. Impression and study casts were made for assessment of the size and shape of the tori. The tori were measured by A digital caliper and average size was graded by Reichart's classification. The data analyzed by Chi-Square test Results:  Out of the 133 cases; 40% were Malay, 37% were Chinese and 23% were Indians with no significant finding (p-value=0.2783). 47.4% of the subjects were from the third decade of life. Male to female ratio 1:2 with 37% male and 63% female. Among all the cases, 53% were torus palatinus, 19% were torus mandibularis and 28% had both. Larger size of tori was found in Malays. Conclusion(s):  The frequency of tori is relatively high in Malaysian population but unrelated to ethnicity. The etiology of tori seems to be multifactorial in nature and needs more researches to unravel.

scholarly journals Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: Risk factors and role of NSAIDs in primary prophylaxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haseeb Nawaz ◽  
Shahid Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Arif Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Duct ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Creative Commons

Objective: To determine efficacy of diclofenac suppository in reducing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and identify risk factors for PEP. Methods: This is a placebo-based prospective study at Department of Medicine & Gastroenterology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences / Services Hospital, Lahore performed from January 2018 to June 2019. Patients were randomized to receive diclofenac suppository or glycerine suppository before ERCP. Both groups were compared for PEP using chi square x2 test while risk factors for PEP were determined using binary logistic regression. Results: Total of 165 patients with mean age 49.1(±15.2) and male to female ratio 1/1.6 (63/102) were included. Among 82 (49.7%) patients in diclofenac group, 8 (9.7%) developed pancreatitis while 19(22.9%) of 83(50.3%) in placebo group had PEP (p value 0.02). After multivariate analysis, age>45 years (p value 0.014, OR 3.2), Bilirubin >3 mg/dl (p value 0.004 OR 3.58), time to cannulation> 5 minutes (p value<0.000 OR 9.2), use of precut (p value< 0.000 OR 4.9), pancreatic duct cannulation (p value 0.000 OR 5.46) and total procedure time >30 minutes (p value 0.01 OR 3.92) were risk factors for PEP. Conclusion: Pre-procedure Diclofenac suppository reduces post-ERCP pancreatitis. Age > 45 years, serum bilirubin > 3 mg/dl, cannulation time > 5 minutes, use of precut, pancreatic duct cannulation and procedure time > 30 minutes are risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1804 How to cite this:Nawaz MH, Sarwar S, Nadeem MA. Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: Risk factors and role of NSAIDs in primary prophylaxis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1804 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Shohaimi Shamarina ◽  
Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors amongst Teaching Staff of Juba University, South Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Amegovu Kiri Andrew ◽  
Mawadri Micheal ◽  
Mading James
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Obesity is a significant contributing factor in the development of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, osteoarthritis and certain cancer accounting for 2.8 million worldwide deaths annually. Recent global figures indicate that the prevalence of obesity is not just a problem of the developed countries but is also on the increase in the developing world, with over 115 million people suffering from obesity-related problems (WHO). In Africa, 8% of adults above 20 years are obese and 27% overweight (Steyn & Mchiza, 2014), Lack of empirical data remains an obstacle in monitoring the magnitude of current and future trends of overweight and obesity in sub Saharan Africa including South Sudan. This study investigated the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among teaching staff; a case at University of Juba in South Sudan (Rep). A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 196 study participants drawn from various Colleges and faculties of Juba University using multi-stage systematic random sampling of 1st selecting the College, department and 2nd stage was the selection of participants using the exiting staff list obtained from the University administration. Key variables collected includes weight/kg, height, age, sex, physical activities, feeding habits and income of the study participants, which was used to determine the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors. STATA version 12 was used to data analyze. Chi-square statistics were used to compare equality of distribution of obesity. Out of the 196 participants, 18.4% were males (160/196) and 81.6% were females (36/196). The mean age of the participant was estimated at 37 ± 8.5 years. Prevalence of Obesity (BMI> or=30) and Overweight (BMI >25 to <=30) among teaching staff was 4.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Of those found overweight/or obese, 20% were females (4/20) and  80% were males (16/20). While the age specific prevalence indicates obesity is highest among 35-44yrs (50%), followed by 45-55 yrs+ (37.5%) and 12.5% among 25-34yrs age groups. Age was found to be associated with obesity (P-value=0.0337, p<0.05)).Meal frequency was noted to be twice a day. Walking is the main physical activities for both males and females (97.5%) and nearly half of the participants (44.9%) had incomes 7500 South Sudan Pounds (SSP) an equivalent of $1000. Income levels was associated with BMI levels (P-value=0.0222; p<0.05). However, low prevalence of obesity among teaching staff at the University of Juba is not yet of an immediate public health concern, however, earlier preventive and control measures is required as most of the staff leads sedentary lifestyle. This study recommends public awareness intervention on dietary intake and physical exercises among others in schools and institutions at all levels to curtail an otherwise gradual rise in obesity and overweight in the near future. 

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽  
Danjuma B. Dantala ◽  
Paul A. Shinggu ◽  
Umesi A. Dike ◽  
Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic Risk Factors and Outcomes in Acute Coronary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Ritu Attri ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Raminderpal Singh Sibia ◽  
Mandip Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
History Of

Introduction: CAD is the most common cause of mortality in India. It is a common multifarious public health crisis today and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Hence, understanding the predominant risk factors among the Indian population is important. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based age and sex matched case control study, carried out at Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital Patiala. A total of 100 patients of Acute coronary syndrome were studied. Patients and controls were enquired about  the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and the significance of association of these risk factors with the occurrence of Acute coronary syndrome was given by p value of  <0.05. Results: Majority of the cases were in the age group 61-70 years (32%) with male to female ratio  of 1.25:1. Significant association was found between ACS and risk factors like smoking, positive family history of IHD, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, waist hip ratio and body mass index. Overall, most common outcome of ACS in the present study was NSTEMI (45%) followed by STEMI (35%) followed by Unstable angina (20%). Conclusion: Significant association was found between smoking and occurrence of STEMI and significant association was found between Hypertension and occurrence of NSTEMI.

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