scholarly journals The Risk Factors of Phlebitis in The Installation of Intravent Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Hajar Acintya Farah ◽  
Bambang Sarwono ◽  
Heru Supriyatno
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Injection Drugs ◽  
Cohort Design ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Catheter Size ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: A hospital is a health service facility that allows nosocomial infections, namely phlebitis. Phlebitis is a complication of intravenous catheter placement that is characterized by redness, pain, swelling, and fever. The high rate of phlebitis in various countries is due to the risk factors that predispose to the incidence of phlebitis due to intravenous catheter placement.Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors for phlebitis in intravenous catheter placement.Methodology: This study uses an observational analytic method with a cohort design. The study was conducted on 27 February - 14 March 2020 with 22 samples taken using purposive accidental sampling in the inward and RST surgery Dr. Soedjono Magelang. The instrument used was an observation sheet designed by researchers that had been tested by experts and a standard operational checklist for infusion. Data analysis uses a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results: The incidence of phlebitis was 7 respondents (31.8%) and the associated risk factors were the type of infusion fluid (RR = 4.37 CI 95% 1.09-17.58; p-value 0.020). While the factors of age, sex, nutritional status, chronic diseases, types of injection drugs, insertion location, duration of installation, nurse skills, installation techniques, and catheter size were not related to the incidence of phlebitis (p-value 0.05).Conclusion: Although several factors are not related to the incidence of phlebitis, these factors can be a support for the incidence of phlebitis. 

Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever Occurrence and Recurrence in Gombe Metropolis, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 381-401
Author(s):  
Umar Abdullahi Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Shohaimi Shamarina ◽  
Syafinaz Amin Nordin ◽  
Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd Nadzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
At Home

Typhoid is a life-threatening disease that has remained endemic in parts of Africa and Asia where its burden is elevated by the inefficiency of control efforts which have been hampered by lack of epidemiological data, among others. In Nigeria, such data is absent in most of the States like Gombe where the disease has been rife for a long time, hence, to bridge that knowledge gap, this study was set up to determine the host-associated risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence in Gombe. A questionnaire that was designed and validated for this location was used to obtain data from 663 respondents using simple random sampling and analyzed using the Chi-square test for association and binomial logistic regression to obtain risk factors for typhoid occurrence and recurrence, respectively. The study revealed that occurrences were statistically significantly associated with the variables for vaccination (χ2 = 39.729, p < 0.01), having houseboy/girl (χ2 = 16.909, p < 0.01), typhoid patient at home (χ2 = 13.393, p < 0.01), hand washing before handling food (χ2 = 22.856, p < 0.01), consuming iced/frozen items (χ2 = 16.805, p < 0.01), boiling drinking water (χ2 = 49.633, p < 0.01), and eating commercially available foods/drinks (χ2 = 27.864, p < 0.01), while recurrences were statistically significantly predicted by „not sure of been vaccinated‟ (OR = 2.962, CI = 1.290 to 6.802, p < 0.01), „not having another typhoid patient at home‟ (OR = 1.799, CI = 0.998 to 3.244, p < 0.01), and „drinking unboiled water sometimes‟ (OR = 2.130, CI = 1.023 to 4.434, p < 0.01). It is believed that these findings will guide efforts by the Government for health interventions against typhoid in the study area, thus improving the quality of life for the population.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION AND IT'S CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL COMPLICATIONS AT AIIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Ravikirti Ravikirti ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Isolated Systolic Hypertension ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Hypertension, its risk factors and complications is very poorly understood therefore it goes undiagnosed and untreated for a long time. The present study was undertaken to study the clinical profile of isolated systolic hypertension (systolic > 140 and diastolic ≤ 90 mmHg ) in elderly (above the age of 60 years)and to find out any other associated risk factors, any end organ complications, specially cardiac through electrocardiography and echocardiography and on kidney through creatinine clearance. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken on patients attending the outdoor department and indoor department of medicine. The study group comprised of 75 elderly patients who had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Using Chi square test correlation of age with stage of BP, association of risk factors with ISH and Stage III BP and ECG changes with LVH calculated. It concluded that ISH associated with risk factors has definite effect mainly on cardiac in terms of LV hypertrophy and on kidney in terms of reduced creatinine clearance and is an even better predictor of mortalityand morbidity than is diastolic blood pressure.

scholarly journals Detection of human papilloma virus in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity and a study of associated risk factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Bijina ◽  
Junaid Ahmed ◽  
Nandita Shenoy ◽  
Ravikiran Ongole ◽  
Suchitra Shenoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Histopathological Grading

Abstract Background: Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is the 6 th most frequently occurring cancer worldwide, with over 400,000 cases projected annually. Multiple factors such as tobacco, alcohol, irradiation, virus, and chronic irritants are involved in the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). The most important risk factors are chronic exposure to tobacco and alcohol. Although the evidence that implicates virus is increasing, particularly (human papillomavirus [HPV]), in the carcinogenesis process, the role of virus is not well established. Aim and Objective: This study is designed to assess the presence of HPV in potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the oral cavity as well as to correlate the presence of HPV with addictive habits and histopathological grading of the disease. Materials and Methods: Biopsy samples of OSCC and potentially malignant lesions were obtained and 3, 5 μm thickness sections were cut using a microtome. The sections were collected using a sterile brush and transferred to an Eppendorf tube. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV were done. Results and Conclusion: The association between histopathological grading and presence of HPV was assessed using Chi-square test and the values thus obtained were found to be statistically significant. HPV was more predominantly seen in well-differentiated carcinomas and moderately differentiated carcinomas as compared to poorly differentiated carcinomas.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN SIKAP DAN KEMAMPUAN IBU NIFAS TENTANG CARA MEMANDIKAN BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS S.PARMAN BANJARMASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Sarkiah Sarkiah ◽  
Fadhiyah Noor Anisa ◽  
Rizqy Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

 ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Sekarang ini masih cukup tinggi angka kematian bayi salah satu penyebabnya adalah hipotermi. Salah satu penyebab hipotermi adalah ketidakpahaman dan ketidakmampuan ibu tentang cara memandikan bayinya dengan benar oleh karena itu bisa terjadi permasalah terhadap bayinya.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan sikap dan kemampuan ibu nifas tentang cara memandikan bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode  survei analitik dengan rancangan  cross-sectional. Populasi ibu nifas di wilayah kerja Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin berjumlah 199 orang. Sampel sebanyak 45 responden dengan teknik pengambilan Acidental sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil: Responden di Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin memiliki sikap positif yaitu 25 responden (55,6%), dan memandikan bayi dengan cara yang tidak baik yaitu 24 responden (53,3%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan antara sikap ibu (p-value = 0,021) dan kemampuan ibu nifas (p-value = 0,0001) tentang cara memandikan bayi.Simpulan: Ada hubungan sikap dan kemampuan ibu nifas tentang cara  memandikan bayi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin. Kata Kunci: Cara memandikan bayi, sikap, kemampuan, nifas. CORRELATION BETWEEN ATTITUDES AND POSTPARTUM MOTHERS’ ABILITIES ON  HOW TO DO BABY-BATHING IN THE WORKING AREA OF PUSKESMAS S.PARMAN   BANJARMASINABSTRAKBackground: Now there is still a high rate of infant mortality, one of the causes is hypothermia. It is the lack of understanding and the inability of the mother to do baby-bathing properly her baby.Purpose: Knowing the correlation between attitudes and postpartum mothers’ abilities of about how to do baby-bathing in the working area of Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin.Method: The study used an analytical survey method with a cross-sectional design. The population was 199 people. The sample of 45 respondents with Accidental sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test with a confidence level of 95%.Result: The respondents whose positive attitudes were 25 people (55.6%), and did well baby-bathing were 24 people (53.3%). The results of the analysis showed that there was a correlation between maternal attitudes (p-value = 0.021) and the ability of postpartum mothers (p-value = 0.0001) on how to bathe the baby.Conclusion: There is a correlation between attitudes and postpartum mothers abilities on how to do baby-bathing in the working area of Puskesmas S.Parman Banjarmasin. Keyword: How to do baby-bating, Attitude, ability, Postpartum.

Facial Location and Operating Room Environment are the Risk Factors for Incomplete Excision of Melanocytic Nevi

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 458-461
Author(s):  
Oskar Zgraj ◽  
Anna Taczanowska-Niemczuk ◽  
Wojciech Gorecki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Surgical Oncology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Incomplete Excision ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction The management of melanocytic nevi involves many various practitioners with a high number of patients. Data on failure to achieve goals of treatment are scarce. We aimed to determine percentage of incompletely excised nevi and the risk factors responsible. Materials and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, histology reports of all melanocytic nevi excised within our department between January 2014 and June 2015 were considered. Those aimed for stage excision and those with inconclusive histology reports were excluded. Patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the lesion, its size, as well as source of specimen (general surgical outpatients, surgical oncology outpatients, and operating room), and performing surgeon (trainee vs. consultant) were recorded. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis with a p-value of < 0.05 considered significant. Results A total of 739 nevi in 541 patients were analyzed. Positive margins were found in 80 (11%) of all specimens. There was significantly increased rate of incomplete excision of nevi from the facial area (42%; p < 0.001) versus other areas and, surprisingly, those excised in the operating room under general anesthesia (19%; p = 0.009). Nevi excised at our surgical oncology outpatients had the lowest rate (8%, p = 0.013) of incomplete excisions. There were no statistically significant differences in other variables. Conclusion We identified facial location and operating room environment as risk factors for incomplete excision of melanocytic nevi. We suggest that human factors play a key role in achieving a good quality of service.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Analysis of Isoniazid-Monoresistant Tuberculosis: Among Iranian Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Varahram ◽  
Mohammad Javad Nasiri ◽  
Parissa Farnia ◽  
Mohadese Mozafari ◽  
Ali Akbar Velayati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background and objectives:Isoniazid (INH) is one of the most potent anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. The spread and transmission of INH- resistant bacilli are likely to pose a significant problem for National TB control Program (NTP). In this study, we aimed to determine the trend of INH-monoresistant TB in Iran.Methods:The susceptibility patternsof Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) strains that were isolated from clinical samples were retrospectively analyzed (January 2003-December 2011). Identification and drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed using both conventional and molecular methods. The associated risk factors were assessed using the Chi-square test.Results:Out of 4825 culture-positive isolates, 6.1% were resistant to INH, with an increasing trend over the study period. The INH-monoresistance from 4.4 in 2003 reached to 9.4% in 2011. Among the studied risk factors, age was significantly associated with INH-monoresistance (p < 0.05).Conclusions:The increased trend in INH-monoresistance underlines the need for greater enforcement of national TB control programs. In this regard, better management of TB cases, establishing advanced diagnostic facilities and use of standard treatment regimens are recommended to avoid further emergence of INH resistant cases.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Omole Ohonsi Abiodun ◽  
Belga Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective (s): To determine the aetiological factors of preterm deliveries at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria..Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted between 1st June 2006 and 31st May 2007.One hundred and forty eight women with preterm deliveries (cases) were compared with seven hundred and forty women who delivered at term (control). Data analysis was done using Epi- Info software (6.0 CDC Atlanta Georgia, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and the results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The contribution of the risk factors were estimated using chi square test and a p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The period incidence of preterm deliveries was 69 per 1000 births. Unbooked and low socioeconomic statuses, primigravidity, previous preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, and malaria in pregnancy were significant risk factors that were associated with preterm delivery. These associations were still demonstrable after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusion: Early girl marriage and childbearing and spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes not to be independent risk factors in this study. Women with risk factors should be managed in specialist hospitals.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 9-14

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI USIA PRODUKTIF (25-54 TAHUN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Agustina ◽  
Bambang Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kedungmundu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang pada masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun)  adalah faktor genetik (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesitas (p value=0038, OR=3,5), kebiasaan merokok (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), konsumsi garam (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), penggunaan minyak jelantah (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) dan stress psikis (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah aktifitas fisik (p value=0,065), konsumsi alkohol (p value=0,148), jenis pekerjaan (p value=0,333), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,531) lama kerja (p value=0,588). Saran bagi penderita hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di Kedungmundu supaya lebih meningkatkan status kesehatan dengan lebih teratur memeriksakan kesehatannya, khususnya tekanan darah. Bagi Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi. Bagi peneliti lain untuk menambah faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif. Hypertension  at Kedungmundu Puskesmas was ascending from year to year. The purpose of this study is to find risk factors which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) at working area health centers Kedungmundu Year 2013. This is a research of analytical survey with casecontrol approach. Sample of 30 people in each case group and controlgroup who were taken using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square test with degrees of significance (α) = 0,05. The study results show that the risk factor which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) genetic factor  (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesity (p value=0,038, OR=3,5), smooking habit (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), salt consumption (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), use jelantah oil (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) and psychological stress (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). The risk factor which are not related are physical activities (p value=0,065), alcohol consumption (p value=0,148), type of work (p value=0,333), family’s income (p value=0,531) and duration of employment (p value=0,588). The advice to patient hypertension productive age (25-54 tahun) at Kedungmundu to improve their health status by having themselves checked on more regular basis, particularly for their blood pressure. For the public health center to improve knowledge of the hypertension to the public. For the other researcher could find out another risk factors relate to the hypertension.

scholarly journals Risk factors of stroke in coastal villages of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3145
Author(s):  
George P. Jacob ◽  
Muralidhar M. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Powder Consumption

Background: The prevalence of stroke was reportedly higher in four coastal villages as compared to the neighbouring villages. Hence the study was conducted to identify the risk factors for stroke cases in the four villages of Mavinakurve Gram Panchayath, Bhatkal Taluk, Karnataka, India. Methods: 53 stroke patients were compared with 106 age and locality matched controls. Data was obtained using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire for socio-demographic variables, sources of water, palm oil and milk powder consumption, smoking and alcohol usage, stress score, history of hypertension, BMI and Waist Hip ratio. The data was entered in the SPSS version 15.0 and analysed. Results were expressed as proportions. Associations were analyzed using Chi-square test. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Most of the cases (53%) and controls (45%) belonged to the age group of 60-69 years. 62.2% of the cases were males and 37.8% were females. 45.3% of the cases and 34.0% of the controls were involved in fishing. 15% of the cases and 2.8% of the controls had high stress. Statistically significant association was found between high stress and stroke. 86.8% of cases and 72.6% of controls were hypertensive (p value of 0.04). Conclusions: The prevalence of stroke in this area is higher than the state/national average. Hypertension and stress are important risk factors for stroke. Periodic screening for early detection of hypertension, health education, appropriate lifestyle modification and prompt treatment for hypertension are very important. 

scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Worm Infestation and Associated Risk Factors among the School Children of Dharan, Eastern Region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
R. B. Sah ◽  
P. K. Pokharel ◽  
I. S. Paudel ◽  
A. Acharya ◽  
N. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Very High

<strong>Background:</strong>Worm infestation has remained major zoonotic diseases in Nepal especially among children.<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To measure the prevalence of worm infestation and to identify risk factors associated with worm infestation among the school children of Dharan.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was conducted among school children of Dharan. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and worm infestation.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children was 11.3 percent. Taenia species was found very high (5.3%) in comparison to other worms i.e. Hookworm (2%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.9%), Trichuris trichiura (1%), Hymenolepsis nana (0.7%) and Enterobius vermicularis (0.3%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of worm infestation although slight indications present.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Overall prevalence of worm infestation among the school children has remained high.</p>

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