Orthodontic Assessment of Lip Prominence in Pakistani population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Faisal Rasheed ◽  
Asia Khalid ◽  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Abid Hussain Kanju ◽  
Farhan Ali ◽  
...  

Introduction: Many reference planes are being used to determine prominence of upper and lower lip for orthognathic face profile. E-line and S-line are being used to determine lip position in local popuation of Multan city of Pakistan. Materials and Method: Execution of present study was done in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan during the period of November 2019-March 2020. 300 (112 Males and 188 Females) subjects were selected for this study from all provinces of Pakistan. Their radiographic records (Lateral cephalograms) were taken from radiographic department of related institution. Acetate matte sheets were used to construct reference planes by using 3H pencil. Steiner’s E-line and Rickett’s S-line were used to find Upper and Lower lip position from these reference lines. SPSS was used to analyze data after applying independent t-test. Result: Mean Upper and lower lip position from E- line was -1.74mm & -0.33mm and from S-line was 0.82mm and 1.47mm Conclusion: Cephalometric lip morphology assessment in Multan, Pakistani adults by using Steiner’s and Rickettsreference planes on lateral cephalogram is slightly different as compare to other populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munish C. Reddy ◽  
Shivangi Gupta ◽  
Vaibhav Misra ◽  
Pradeep Raghav ◽  
Shishir Singh

Context There has always been a need for nonnumeric facial analyses that would not compare an individual’s facial measurements with the preestablished norms, rather evaluate the facial form individually. This would help in diagnosis and treatment planning, unique to that individual. Aims The purpose of the study was to determine and establish a relation between skeletal, dental and soft tissue structures using centrographic analysis (CGA) in pleasing faces of Western Uttar Pradesh population. Materials and Methods A total of 50 subjects (22 males and 28 females) with “most pleasing faces” were taken up for the study, within the age group of 20-25 years. Frontal facial photographs and lateral cephalograms were taken for all the subjects. Conventional cephalometric analysis and CGA were applied to each lateral cephalogram. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were calculated, and an independent t-test was performed for calculating cephalomorphic norms and comparison between the male and female sample. Results The results showed that, the adults in the age group of 20-25 years, belonging to the Western Uttar Pradesh population have protrusive maxillary and mandibular skeletal bases and retrusive upper lip on contrary to a protrusive lower lip, though a sexual dimorphism was observed. The upper centroid and lower centroid values were statistically greater in women (P = 0.05 and P = 0.04 respectively) whereas, upper lip linear value was statistically greater in men. Conclusions The CGA is valid for Western Uttar Pradesh population. The Western Uttar Pradesh adults have protrusive mandible and a retrusive upper lip though there exists a sexual dimorphism. These practical centrographic norms can be used as an adjunct to the conventional cephalometric evaluation of an individual for diagnosis and treatment planning.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Fajar Budiyono

  The research was aim to know the cognitive study result between control and experiment class  after  it got treatment through CTL approach  with local video media  toward  A fourth c lass in social studies. The research was conducted in A and B fourth class at SDN Karangduak 2 Sumenep. The research method was quantitative. The instrument of this research consisted of lesson  plan, pretest,  posttest and documentation. To analyze data, it used Independent Sample T-test. The result showed that CTL approach through local video media gave significant results toward the cognitive study result for fourth class at SDN Karangduak 2 Sumenep. The test result showed that the sig (2-tailed) was 0.003<0.05. it meant that there was significance effect between the learning of CTL approach with local video media and conventional learning toward cognitive study result for fourth class at SDN Karangduak 2 Sumenep


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Puspasari ◽  
Febriansyah Febriansyah

This research was aimed for knowing the influence between promotion effectiveness above the line and below the line to the attractiveness of visitor of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. This research used a quantitative approach through survey to 150 visitors. Using a convenience sampling Hypothesis test (t test) result that shows that the variable above the line affect significantly to these attractiveness of visitor proved by t value about 5,867 which is more than t table. And the variable of below the line affect significantly with t value about 5,345 which is more than t tabel. The conclusion of this research is promotion of above the line and below the line be influential effectively increase the attractiveness of visitors of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. This means that the promotional media which can increase the wishes of the people for a visit to Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. Keywords: promotion,above the line, below the line, marketing


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Nila Hotiana ◽  
Febriansyah Febriansyah

This research was aimed for knowing the influence between motivation and work stress against the employees’ performance of staffing and Organization General Bureau, staffing and Organization the Ministry of Tourism. This research used a quantitative approach through survey to 40 employees. All population is used as sample. Hypothesis test (t test) result that shows that the variable compensation affect significantly to these performance proved by t value about 2.693  which is more than t table. But the variable of work stress do not affect significantly with t value about 1.994 which is less than t table.  The conclusion of this research is motivation is the most dominant variable over the performance of the employees. This means that increasing performance of the emplooyees can be seen from the way the institutions provide motivation to employees.   Keywords: motivation, work stress, employee’s performance


2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Ongkosuwito ◽  
M. M. J. Dieleman ◽  
A. M. Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
P. G. H. Mulder ◽  
J. W. van Neck

Objective: To investigate the reliability of length measurements of the mandible by comparing orthopantomograms (OPTs) with lateral cephalograms. Design: Observational study. Setting: OPTs and lateral cephalograms were taken of 20 human dry skulls. Four orthodontists and four maxillofacial surgeons located landmarks on all radiographs using a computer program for cephalometric measurements. Intraobserver and interobserver variability in locating landmarks was assessed, as well as positioning of the skulls prior to radiography between the x-ray assistants. Magnification differences between the left and right side of the mandible on the OPT were determined for five skulls. Kappa statistics were used to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver and interobserver differences. An F test was used to assess differences between methods and between type of observer. Results: No significant differences were found in the magnification factor of the left and right side of the mandible. Compared with a lateral cephalogram, the OPT had comparable reliability in measuring mandibular distances condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton. No significant differences were observed between the x-ray assistants in taking the OPTs and lateral cephalograms or in repositioning the skulls. Significant differences were found between orthodontists and maxillofacial surgeons for landmark measurements. Conclusion: An OPT is as reliable as a lateral cephalogram for linear measurements of the mandible (condylion-gonion, gonion-menton, and condylion-menton).


1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf S. Tindlund ◽  
Per Rygh

During the last 15 years, cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients with maxillary deficiency in the care of the Bergen CLP team have undergone an interceptive orthopedic treatment phase during the deciduous and mixed dentition period. The present study includes 68 patients who received maxillary transverse expansion by use of a modified quad-helix appliance and 98 cases given maxillary protraction by a facial mask. All cases were treated until an acceptable normal occlusion was attained. Lateral cephalograms were taken immediately before and after the active treatment periods. Sagittal changes of the soft-tissue profile during transverse expansion and protraction were analyzed separately for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients. The soft-tissue profiles of the groups were compared to growth changes of noncleft age-matched children (NORM group). During the short period of maxillary transverse expansion (mean period, 3.5 months) no significant change of the soft-tissue profile was found, except in the protrusion of the lower lip in the BCLP group. During the period of maxillary protraction (mean periods, 12 months in the UCLP group and 15 months in the BCLP group) the soft-tissue profile improved significantly by reducing the characteristic tendency towards a concave profile in CLP patients with maxillary deficiency. Significant Increases of the sagittal maxillomandlbular lip relation (angle SS-N-SM: mean Increase, 2.5 degrees) and the Holdaway-angle (H-angle: mean increase, 3.0 degrees) were found to be similar in the UCLP and BCLP groups. However, the use of different reference lines for evaluation of treatment effects upon the soft-tissue profile resulted in conflicting findings suggesting that anteriorly situated reference lines are more suitable for the evaluation of CLP patients. Thus, the esthetic line (E.line) indicated a favorable position of the lips after treatment; the subspinale-pogonlon line (ss.pg) revealed an Improved soft-tissue profile; the soft-tissue-facial line (N.PG) showed a retruded nose and upper lip; whereas basal references such as the nasion-sella line (NSL) and the occlusal-line perpendicular (OLP) mainly showed major differences between the CLP groups and the NORM groups.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Ismayana Marhamah

This study aims to determine the effect of profit sharing growth, liquidity growth, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, of mudharabah saving growth in general islamic banks. The variables studied are the influence of profit sharing rate, liquidity growth, gross domestic product (GDP) growth as independent variable and mudharabah saving growth as dependent variable. The population in this study are sharia islamic banks registered in Bank Indonesia (BI) and the amount of gross domestic productquarter-year period 2012-2016.The result of hypothesis testing (t test) shows that the profit sharing growth and gross domestic product partially has significant effect to mudharabah saving growth. Then the test result of liquidity growth partially has no effect and not significant to mudharabah saving growth. The results of simultaneous hypothesis test (test F), show that all independent variabels in this study has significant effect to mudharabah saving growth.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sulistyoningtyas I. ◽  
V.M. Ani Nurgiartiningsih ◽  
Gatot Ciptadi

This research was done to compare performance of Madura cattle born in 2015 and 2016 at Unit of Technical for Animal Breeding and Animal Health Madura. Two hundred tails of Madura cattle that were one day old, 205 days old, and 365 days old were used in this research. They were offsprings of 12 tails of male cattle and 200 tails of female cattle. Variables observed were body weight, body height, body length, and heart girth. Data collected were analyzed by t test. Result of this research indicated that performance of Madura cattle that was one day old and 205 days old born in 2015 and in 2016 were not different (P>0.05). Performance of Madura cattle that was 365 days old born in 2015 and in 2016 were different (P<0.05). The performance of cattle born in 2015 versus in 2016 were 113.00±12.19 kg vs 120.00±10.86 kg for body weight (yearling weight),  110.00±6.81 cm vs 114.00±2.46 cm for body height, 103.00±6.70 cm vs 106.00±4.71 cm for body length, and 118.00±8.05 cm vs 120.00±5.91 cm for heart girth. It could be concluded that performance of Madura cattle that was 365 days old born in 2016 were higher than that was in 2015. Keywords: Madura cattle, Body weight, Bidy height, Body length, Heart girth


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
NINDRIA UNTARINI

This paper is analyzing the influence of marketing mix customer perception that feels and make scoring by post paid customer to ESIA cellular operator in Surabaya. Post paid customer as research object is active customer using their cell phone to become ESIA post paid customer in Surabaya. This research have to be done because understanding customer active is essential for keeping and protect them to switch another cell phone operator. This research purpose to watching carefully the perception about service of marketing mix that bargained by ESIA cellular operator to loyalty of using post paid customer cell phone. The variable in this research taking from Zeithaml and Bitner service marketing theory and Yazid adopt it (1999:21) and the composition7P’s are product, price, place, promotion, participant, physical evidence, and process. Analyze model adapted from Customer Behavior simple model by Assael (1984:11) with using multiple linear regression technique, F test and t test.  Base on analyze, can take a resume that marketing mix perception variable (cellular telecommunication service, price, facility ease, promotion, staff servicing, physical evidence, and administration process)  post paid ESIA customer feels influenced to using cell phone loyalty at ESIA cellular operator in Surabaya as significantly both of single test and simultaneous test. As a single test, this result can look at each of t test that always have score more than 1,6616. While as simultaneous test, can take a look of F test result is 51,611 that more than score of F table 2,127. From the result of analysis, knows that price of cellular telecommunication that charged to post paid customer have dominant influence to loyalty of cell phone used  post paid customer ESIA  in Surabaya. While, the variable of facility ease have very little influenced. Base on analyze, can take a resume that marketing mix perception variable (cellular telecommunication service, price, facility ease, promotion, staff servicing, physical evidence, and administration process)  post paid ESIA customer feels influenced to using cell phone loyalty at ESIA cellular operator in Surabaya as significantly both of single test and simultaneous test. As a single test, this result can look at each of t test that always have score more than 1,6616. While as simultaneous test, can take a look of F test result is 51,611 that more than score of F table 2,127. From the result of analysis, knows that price of cellular telecommunication that charged to post paid customer have dominant influence to loyalty of cell phone used  post paid customer ESIA  in Surabaya. While, the variable of facility ease have very little influenced.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Rizky Eko Harry Saputro ◽  
Diyan Lestari

This study aims to determine the effect of financial literacy and risk perception on student investment decisions in Jakarta. This study used a quantitative approach through questionnaires with as many as 120 respondents taken as sample which is obtained by using non-probability sampling technique and purposive sampling method. The research data is processed with SPSS, where the hypothesis is analyzed using t-test and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy variable have a significant effect on investment decision, based on the t-test result which shows that t-count is higher in comparison to ttable (8,433>1,98045). Similarly, the risk perception variable have a significant effect on investment decision, which is shown by the higher tcount compared to t-table (2,319>1,98045).


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