Internal and External Security Challenges of Nepal

Unity Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Sumitra Karki
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
India And China

Nepal has been a home to diversified settlement in terms of ethnicity, religion, dialect and culture since its outset in civilization. It also lies between two great military and economic giants of Asia – India and China – that are hostile to each other. While these bring abundant opportunities for Nepal, it possesses several internal and external security threats. Nepal suffers from cyber-attack, environmental degradation, pandemic, ethnic, racial or religious conflicts, inequality and poverty, extremism, human trafficking, corruption, migration and trans-boundary crime. In addition, Nepal also faces several security threats, traditional and non–traditional, including terrorism and insurgency. These threats possess serious implications on peace and security of Nepal and the South Asian region. There is a need of serious study about the major internal and external security challenges that Nepal faces in recent decades. This study aims at examining some of the major security challenges, explore the factors behind it, and attempt to suggest few policy recommendations to the government of Nepal to deal with them. The study is conducted by reviewing the primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data includes documents of the government agencies, press release, joint statement and organizational reports. It also includes the interviews with security experts, bureaucrats, policy makers and academicians. Similarly, secondary data includes books, news reports, academic journals, seminars report and reports of research institutes and think tanks. The study highlights that Nepal should prepare itself to meet with the emerging internal and external security challenges what have emerged in recent times. With the rise of India and China, two adversarial powers in the region, Nepal possess extreme challenges in days to come. Similarly, hardly any countries of the world had prepared itself to deal with recent pandemic like COVID-19 that has shattered even the most powerful countries of the world. Taking lessons from these, it is time for Nepal to learn and prepare to mitigate the challenges.

scholarly journals Partnership expansion between farmers and the herbal medicine industry for community economic development

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Mulyono Daru
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

The objectives of the research is to increase productivity and quality of medicinal plant so it will develop the economic community. The research is an analytical descriptive research with the information and primary data was gathered through various methods such as audience with key informant and discussion. Secondary data was gathered through scientific publication review. The world demand for herbal medicine continues to increase sharply especially with the spread of Covid-19 outbreak around the world. However, until now the development of medicinal plant cultivation in Indonesia have not developed properly. Results of the research indicate that through the partnership, the herbal medicine industry will provide several facilities to farmers in obtaining access to cultivation technology, capital, seeds, fertilizers, including counseling. Because of the facilities, farmers can cultivate according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) principles so that the productivity and quality of medicinal plants increased. In order to achieve success of the partnership, the government should provide policies to support synergistic partnership between medicinal plant farmer and Herbal Medicine Industry. Through the partnership is expected that the upstream and downstream sides will gain benefits so it will occur sustainable synergy and lead to support government programs in empowerment of economic community.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DIGITAL RUMOURS IN AN ACUTE EVENT (With reference to WhatsApp users)

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
R. Hepzibah Gnana Sinthiya ◽  
Kishore Kulothungan
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acute Event

The world is stumbled with the acute virus called COVID-19. Besides the spread of the virus, the rumours about the virus spread faster. This study focuses on the types of rumours that arose and spread during the acute event and the impact of such rumours on the netizens and also highlights the steps taken by the government to control the rumours. Both the primary and secondary data are used. The primary data was collected from 7 groups of a Netizen WhatsApp number and various literature was studied for the secondary data. A rumour classification model has developed with the help of secondary data. The statistical tool ANOVA is used to analyze the impact of different types of rumours. This study reveals that the Occurrence of Catholicon rumours and Subject Buzz rumors are more than the other rumours. Therefore, this study concludes by stating that all the rumours have an equal impact on society since people are more concerned about their health. Suggestions and techniques were given to identify and deduct rumours for both the WhatsApp users and the Whatsapp company.

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 Crisis on Micro-Enterprises: A Study of Lunglei Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
R. Lalngaihsaki ◽  
R. Lalnunthara
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Society Business ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the society, business and economy around the world. The present study is conducted to understand and analyse the impact of Covid-19 crisis on micro-enterprises in Lunglei, Mizoram. For the purpose of the study, 80 micro-enterprises were selected as sample. Primary data were collected by using the structured questionnaire. Secondary data were collected through journals, books and websites. The study reflected that 80% of the enterprises’ revenue were negatively impacted by the pandemic. 58.75% of the enterprises were facing the problems in making obligatory payments such as salaries, wages, rent, taxes, loans etc due to the Covid-19 crisis. The present study also revealed that 28.75% of the enterprises’ working capital were already negative to run the enterprises if Covid-19 crisis continues. Therefore, the study recommended that the government, banks and financial institutions would take steps to alleviate the impact of Covid-19 crisis on the micro-enterprises by providing low interest loans, relaxation of the loan payment, new schemes for entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS ON THE ENCROACHMENT OF GOVERNMENT LAND IN PERAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Hui Lin Har ◽  
Aminah Mohsin ◽  
Ainur Zaireen Zainudin
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The Government ◽  
Financial Allocation ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The encroachment on government land is an issue faced by the Perak state government. This land encroachment problem has caused losses to the state government in terms of revenue. Various solutions have been implemented by the Perak government to address the issue of encroachment, but the issue of encroachment still occurs to this day. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the causes that cause the existing solution to be ineffective and to study alternative solutions to address the issue of encroachment of government land in the state of Perak. To achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative design was used. Two types of data were obtained, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by interviewing officers from the Enforcement and Technical Unit under the Office of the Director of Lands and Mines Perak to provide an overview of the current situation and feedback on the issue of land encroachment. While for secondary data obtained from extracts of previous studies, newspaper clippings, and related journals. These data are then analysed using descriptive analysis methods. The results of the study found that there are three sources of existing solutions that are ineffective, namely political intervention, limited financial allocation, and security threats from intruders. In addition, there are several alternative solutions that have been proposed, namely the use of technology and the creation of a complete database of encroached land. In conclusion, it is hoped that the findings of this study will benefit all parties, especially the government in addressing the issues of encroachment on land owned by the state government.

scholarly journals Guiding principles of good tax policy: Is there an association between the principles of the income tax of Nepal and the principles of good tax policy suggested by AICPA?

Pravaha ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Jit Bahadur K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
The Government

Purpose – This article aims to examine the association between principles of income tax in Nepal and the principles of good tax policy prescribed by AICPA. Materials and methods – This study uses both primary and secondary data. Forth primary data, the study obtained data from several individuals using the Likert type scale questionnaires. To obtain the answer upon research questions and to reach into the conclusion, the study used the Chi-square and summated rating scale. Findings – The study found an association between the principles of income tax in Nepal and the guiding principles of the good tax policy suggested by AICPA. Only on three principles (i.e., certainty, information security and economic growth and efficiency) out of the twelve guiding principles came into the acceptance ofH0 (null hypothesis) while others came into the acceptance of H1 (alternative hypothesis). However, the study concludes that Nepal needs reform/s to its income tax principles to make them compatible with the principles of other countries. Practical implications – Theory and practice both are complementary to each other. Every theory is worthless in the absence of practice and vice versa. The theory, which people perceive as simple, progressive, and democratic is fundamental and practical. Thus, this writing keeps crucial importance in the government revenue sector and suggests being practical after reforming the required policy. Originality/value – This is survey research to find out the association between the principles of income taxation in Nepal and the guiding principles of good tax policy suggested by the AICPA. For which, the author prepared this product using both primary and secondary sources of data based on Kathmandu valley. Thus, this is original writing in this subject.

DAYA SAING DAN PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING KOMODITI KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96
Author(s):  
Siti Yuliaty Chansa Arfah ◽  
Harianto . ◽  
Suharno .
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji daya saing komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah dan melihat peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan daya saing komoditi kakao. Data primer berasal dari observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, sementara data sekunder berasal dari instansi terkait. Metode analisis menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dan analisis sensitivitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai PCR Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,589 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,396. Sedangkan nilai DRC Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,387 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,319. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah memiliki daya saing, namun tidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi karena Sulawesi Tengah menghasilkan biji kakao yang tidak difermentasi akibatnya petani menerima harga rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, pemerintah belum memberikan proteksi terhadap harga biji kakao dalam negeri melalui harga referensi biji kakao sehingga harga biji kakao didaerah penelitian masih tergolong rendah jika dibandingkan dengan harga di pasar internasional. Sementara terhadap input, pemerintah telah memberikan kebijakan subsidi kepada petani, namun implementasinya masih perlu perbaikan terutama terkait penyaluran dan pengelolaan bantuan agar merata. Kajian ini merekomendasikan masih diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah baik terhadap input maupun output untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, menurunkan biaya produksi dan menaikkan harga jual biji kakao, sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saing biji kakao. The purpose of this study is to assess the competitiveness of cocoa in Central Sulawesi and to investigate the role of government in improving the competitiveness of cocoa. The primary data were generated through observation, interviews and some questionnaires. The secondary data were obtained from the agency or the institution related to the research. This study uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and sensitivity analysis. The study found that the PCR value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.589 and Sigi district was 0.396. While, the DRC value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.387 and Sigi district was 0.319. This indicates that cocoa beans farming in Central Sulawesi has competitiveness, but not economically beneficial because Central Sulawesi produces unfermented cocoa beans consequently farmers receive low prices. Based on the results of the government's impact on output analysis, the government did not provide protection for domestic cocoa seed prices through the reference price of cocoa beans, consequently the price of domestic cocoa beans, particularly in the research area, was relatively low compared to the price of cocoa beans at the international market. Seen from the government policy on inputs, the government have provided subsidies to farmers but they need to improve the distribution and management of aid to be evenly distributed. It is necessary to set up good government policy on inputs and outputs in order to increase cocoa seed productivity, decrease production cost and increase the price which simultaneously can improve its competitiveness in the research location.

scholarly journals Pushed to the Margins: The Crisis Among Tribal Youth in India During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052199419
Author(s):  
Eswarappa Kasi ◽  
Atrayee Saha
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Industrial Projects ◽  
The Government

Lack of awareness, lack of availability of non-farm activities, lack of nutritional facilities, inadequate health infrastructure, restricted movement to forest areas, and reliance on herbal medicines are some of the worst conditions that the indigenous population had to face worldwide, during the pandemic. Around 10.45 crore (10.45 million) indigenous population that resides in India are at stake because of economic inequality and social stigma. Lack of developmental measures in India has always led the tribal population to dwell at the margins without proper resources of economic sustenance. The announcements of lockdown and proposals for industrial projects approved during the lockdown period further aggravated their conditions. With the help of secondary data, news reports, and international agency reports, the article tries to critically review the conditions of the tribal population in India, the measures taken by the government, and the role of local organizations in helping tribal people to sustain the pandemic.

scholarly journals Social Media in an Emergency: Use of Social Media in Rescuing Abducted School Girls in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdullahi Maigari ◽  
Uthman Abdullahi Abdul-Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
School Girls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Domestic Assistance

This paper examines the abduction of the schoolgirls in Chibok Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria in 2014. The paper examined how the abduction of the schoolgirls generated responses and support for the rescue of the abducted girls from people and organization from different parts of the globe. The Islamists terrorist organization operating in Borno State has attracted the attention of the world since 2009 when they started attacking government establishments and security installations northeast which later escalated to major cities in Northern Nigeria. Methodologically, the paper utilized secondary sources of data to analyze the phenomenon studied. The paper revealed that the development and innovations in information and communication technology which dismantled traditional and colonial boundaries enabled people to express support, solidarity and assist victims of conflict who resides millions of Kilometers away. This shows that Internet-based communications technology has reduced the distance of time and space that characterised traditional mass media. The campaign for the release of the schoolgirls on the social media platforms particularly Twitter and Facebook has tremendously contributed to the release of some of them. Furthermore, the girls freed from abduction have received proper attention: education and reintegration programmes which enable them to start post-abduction life. In this regard, social media has become a tool for supporting the government in moments of security challenges which the Bring Back Our Girls campaign attracted foreign and domestic assistance to Nigeria in the search of the abducted girls and the fight against the Islamist insurgents.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA (SISKEUDES) PADA ORGANISASI PEMERINTAHAN DESA (STUDI KASUS DI DESA SUWAAN KECAMATAN KALAWAT KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehan M. Malahika ◽  
Herman Karamoy ◽  
Rudy J. Pusung
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Government Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

This research aims to analyze the Implementation of Village Financial System (SISKEUDES)  towards the government organization in Suwaan Village Kalawat Subdistrict North Minahasa Regency. This research using qualitative research approach as using primary data, which were in the form of interview and secondary data. The informants are the village head, the village secretaries, and the head of village government affairs. The result showed that : (1) The implementation of Village Financial System in Suwaan Village has running well (2) The procedure of SISKEUDES utilization done by 4 stages which are : Planning, Implementing, Administrating, and Reporting (3) Village Financial System has been giving the positive influence towards the performance of each employee. Therefore, Village Financial System holds an important role upon village government that impact directly by the employee of village. This is as accordance with the purpose on the implementation of Village Financing System which is to assist the work of villagers’ employee.Keywords: Village Financial System, Village Government

scholarly journals The Giving Of Disciplinary Penalty of Civil Servants Based On Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 in Governments of Demak Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adib ◽  
Sri Kusriyah Kusriyah ◽  
Siti Rodhiyah Dwi Istinah
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Disciplinary Action ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Immediate Supervisor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 regarding the discipline of the Civil Servant loading obligations, prohibitions, and disciplinary action which could be taken to the Civil Servant who has been convicted of the offense, is intended to foster a Civil Servant who has committed an offense, the form of disciplinary punishment is mild, moderate, and weight. Disciplinary punishment for the Civil Servant under Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010 Concerning the Discipline of Civil Servants. The formulation of this journal issue contains about how the process of disciplinary punishment, and constraints and efforts to overcome the impact of the Civil Servant disciplinary punishment in Government of Demak regency. The approach used in this study is a sociological juridical approach or juridical empirical, that is an approach that examines secondary data first and then proceed to conduct research in the field of primary data normative. The process of giving disciplinary sanctions for State Civil Apparatus in Government of Demak regency begins with the examination conducted by the immediate supervisor referred to in the legislation governing the authority of appointment, transfer and dismissal of civil servants. The results showed that in general the process of sanctioning / disciplinary punishment of civil servants in the Government of Demak be said to be good and there have been compliance with the existing regulations / applied in Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010, although it encountered the competent authorities judge still apply tolerance against the employee, but also a positive impact among their deterrent good not to repeat the same offense or one level higher than before either the Civil Servant concerned or the other. Obstacles in carrying out disciplinary punishment in Government of Demak regency environment is still low awareness of employees to do and be disciplined in performing the tasks for instance delays incoming work, lack of regulatory discipline, lack of supervision system and any violations of employee discipline. There must be constraints to overcome need for cooperation with other stakeholders comprising Inspectorate, BKPP, and the immediate superior civil servants in this way can be mutually reinforcing mutual communication, consultation, coordination so that if later there is a problem in the future could be accounted for.Keywords: Delivery of Disciplinary Sanctions; Civil Servant; Government Regulation No. 53 of 2010.

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