scholarly journals A review on Active Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl. (Loquat)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Ruaa M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
Japan And China

Eriobotrya japonica Lindl., named as loquat, is a subtropical fruit tree of the family Rosaceae which is well known medical plant originated in  Japan and China. Loquat portions, like leaves, peels and fruits have been shown to possess various health usefulnesses.  In Chinese classical medicine, it is vastly utilized in many illnesses, like gastroenteric disorders, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary inflammatory diseases and chronic bronchitis. Loquat plant contain many active constituents, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins, polyphenolic compounds, other that have many biological effects like anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, antiviral, antitussive, hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic activity.

Current Advances in the Biological Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium with Intriguing Therapeutic Potential

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1663-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ting Lee ◽  
Heng-Chun Kuo ◽  
Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Ming-Yen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anti Tumor Activity

The polysaccharides in many plants are attracting worldwide attention because of their biological activities and medical properties, such as anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antichronic inflammation, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulation, and neuron-protective effects, as well as anti-tumor activity. Denodrobium species, a genus of the family orchidaceae, have been used as herbal medicines for hundreds of years in China due to their pharmacological effects. These effects include nourishing the Yin, supplementing the stomach, increasing body fluids, and clearing heat. Recently, numerous researchers have investigated possible active compounds in Denodrobium species, such as lectins, phenanthrenes, alkaloids, trigonopol A, and polysaccharides. Unlike those of other plants, the biological effects of polysaccharides in Dendrobium are a novel research field. In this review, we focus on these novel findings to give readers an overall picture of the intriguing therapeutic potential of polysaccharides in Dendrobium, especially those of the four commonly-used Denodrobium species: D. huoshanense, D. offininale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultivar and Ethanol Disinfection on Aseptic Germination of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) Seeds

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-945
Author(s):  
Kunkun Li ◽  
Weiqi Dong ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Hongxia Xu ◽  
Junwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Disinfection Procedure ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
The Relationship

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is an economically important subtropical fruit tree, originating and commercially produced mainly in China and Japan. The aseptic seed germination of 13 loquat cultivars, including 9 white-fleshed cultivars and 4 red-fleshed ones, was studied, and the relationship between the germination rate and the content of endogenous ABA in seeds was explored. The germination rate and the seedling height at 80 days after sowing of white-fleshed cultivars were generally higher than that of red-fleshed ones. The ABA content in seeds was generally lower in white-fleshed cultivars, and the ABA content negatively correlated with the germination rate at 80 days after sowing. A moderate detrimental effect of 75% ethanol disinfection on aseptic germination of loquat seeds was observed, especially, for the cultivar Dahongpao, and the germination rate and seedling height were reduced by around half and one-third, respectively. The addition of plant preservative mixture (PPM) to the germination medium at a final concentration of 25 mg·L−1 effectively controlled contamination when the 75% ethanol disinfection procedure was omitted.

scholarly journals Terpenoids and Their Biological Activities from Cinnamomum: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Meiting Wu ◽  
Lin Ni ◽  
Haixiao Lu ◽  
Huiyou Xu ◽  
Shuangquan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
The Future ◽  
Depth Study

Cinnamomum is a genus of the family Lauraceae, which has been recognized worldwide as an important genus due to its beneficial uses. A great deal of research on its phytochemistry and pharmacological effects has been conducted. It is noteworthy that terpenoids are the characteristic of Cinnamomum due to the peculiar structures and significant biological effects. For a more in-depth study and the better use of Cinnamomum plants in the future, the chemical structures and biological effects of terpenoids obtained from Cinnamomum were summarized in the present study. To date, a total of 181 terpenoids with various skeletons have been isolated from Cinnamomum. These compounds have been demonstrated to play an important role in immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, studies on the bioactive components from Cinnamomum plants have only focused on a dozen species. Hence, further studies on the potential pharmacological effects need to be conducted in the future.

scholarly journals Enhanced Bilosomal Properties Resulted in Optimum Pharmacological Effects by Increased Acidification Pathways

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Thomas Foster ◽  
Corina M Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Recent studies in our laboratory have shown that some bile acids, such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), can exert cellular protective effects when encapsulated with viable β-cells via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms. However, to explore their full potential, formulating such bile acids (that are intrinsically lipophilic) can be challenging, particularly if larger doses are required for optimal pharmacological effects. One promising approach is the development of nano gels. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine biological effects of various concentrations of CDCA using various solubilising nano gel systems on encapsulated β-cells. Methods: Using our established cellular encapsulation system, the Ionic Gelation Vibrational Jet Flow technology, a wide range of CDCA β-cell capsules were produced and examined for morphological, biological, and inflammatory profiles. Results and Conclusion: Capsules’ morphology and topographic characteristics remained similar, regardless of CDCA or nano gel concentrations. The best pharmacological, anti-inflammatory, and cellular respiration, metabolism, and energy production effects were observed at high CDCA and nano gel concentrations, suggesting dose-dependent cellular protective and positive effects of CDCA when incorporated with high loading nano gel.

Abstract P280: CCL5 Causes Vascular Injury Via CCR5 And Nadph Oxidase 1- Derived Ros

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhnita Singh ◽  
Ariane Bruder Nascimento ◽  
Anita Bargaje ◽  
Thiago Bruder Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Vascular Growth ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 1

Chemokine (C-Cmotif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and its receptor CCR5 belong to the family of chemokines and are expressed and active in the vasculature. NADPH oxidases (Noxs) are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vascular cells, but whether the activation of these oxidases is CCL5/CCR5 sensitive and whether such interaction participates in the genesis of vascular disease is not fully known. We investigated whether CCL5/CCR5 leads to vascular injury by activating Nox1. Carotid ligation model (CL, for 2-weeks) was used to induce pathological vascular growth in 10-weeks old (C57BL6/J) mice. Rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC) were treated with recombinant CCL5 (100ng/mL) to study the molecular mechanisms. CL induces neointima formation, which was associated with increase in IL1β, TNFα, CCR3, CCR5 (3-fold increase), CCL5, and Nox1 gene expression. No difference was observed for Nox2 and 4. Treatment with CCR5 blocker (maraviroc, 25mg/Kg/day i.p) partially inhibited CL-induced vascular injury (media/intima ratio, CL: 1.2 ± 0.2 vs CL + maraviroc: 0.7 ± 0.2) and Nox1 expression (Fold changes: CL: 2.1 ± 0.4 vs CL + maraviroc: 1.2 ± 0.4). In RASMC, CCL5 induced Nox1 expression, which was blunted by pre-treating cells with maraviroc (10uM). Also, it increases p47phox content in membrane fraction (index of Nox activation), and elevated ROS production, analyzed by L012. CCL5 also induced cell migration, measured by transwell assay (number of cells per spot, control: 21.3 ± 3.1 vs CCL5: 31.1 ± 2.4), proliferation, analyzed by Edu+ cells (% of cells per spot, control: 10.6 ± 4.3 vs CCL5: 22.8 ± 5.1), and inflammation (studied by IL1β and TNFα levels). Lastly, CCL5 elevated NF-κB translocation into the nucleus, indicating NF-κB activation. Strikingly, inhibition of Nox1 (GKT771, 10uM), blocked CCL5-induced vascular migration, proliferation, and inflammation, as well as NF-κB activation. We propose that CCL5 activates Nox1 in the vasculature leading to local injury characterized by vascular inflammation and cellular migration and proliferation, perhaps by activating NF-κB signaling. Herein, we place CCR5 signaling as possible therapeutic target to reduce the cardiovascular risk in inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulation of CCL5 and/or CCR5

The Molecular targets of Cannabinoids in the treatment of Cancer and Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alenabi Aylar ◽  
Malekinejad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Objective: In this review we discuss the emerging evidence for the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of cancer and inflammation. The remarkable effects complete the traditional evidence for their successful application in the treatment of pain and cancer-related side effects. Methods: we searched Pub Med (132 articles) and Google scholar (9 articles) databases and gathered the clinical (4 articles), preclinical (28 articles) studies, reports on cell culture models (30 articles) and other original and review articles (78 articles) related to inflammation, cancer and cannabinoids. Results: Cannabinoids are described in three different forms, comprising endo- phyto- and synthetic compounds that exert biological effects. The molecular and cellular pathways of endogenous cannabinoids in the maintenance of homeostasis are well documented. In addition to classical cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2, Vanilloid receptors and G protein-coupled receptor 55 were identified as common receptors. Subsequently, the effectiveness of phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids mediated by cannabinoid receptors has been demonstrated in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including neurodegenerative diseases as well as gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammations. Another accepted property of cannabinoids is their anti-cancer effects. Cannabinoids were found to be effective in the treatment of lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, pancreas and hepatic cancers. The anticancer effects of cannabinoids were characterized by their anti-proliferative property, inhibition of cancer cells migration, suppression of vascularization and induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: The current review provides and overview the role of endocannabinoid system in the mediation of physiological functions, the type and expression of cannabinoids receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. In additions, the molecular pathways involved in the effects of cannabinoids and the effectiveness of cannabinoids in the treatment of inflammations and cancers are highlighted.

System Pharmacological Mechanism and Compatibility Laws of Jianghuang from Traditional Chinese Medicine In Blood-Regulating Formulae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Liu ◽  
Bolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Kegg Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Ppi Network ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism

Abstract Background: Jianghuang (JH) is a popular ingredient in blood-regulating traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that could be effective for the treatment of various diseases. We demonstrate the compatibility laws and system pharmacological mechanisms of the key formula containing JH by leveraging data mining of bioinformatics databases.Material/Methods: The compatibility laws of blood-regulating formulae containing JH from the Chinese Traditional Medicine Formula Dictionary were analyzed using a generalized rule induction (GRI) algorithm implemented. The putative target gene and miRNA were retrieved via a combination of the Arrowsmith knowledge discovery tool and FunRich 3.1.3. System pharmacological mechanisms are traced by their protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using Uniprot, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), STRING 11.0, and KOBAS 3.0.Results: We found that the JH-CX-DG formula (Ligusticum chuanxiong-Angelica sinensis) could represent a key formula containing JH in blood-regulating TCM formulae. The JH-CX-DG formula was observed to directly target AKT, TLR4, caspase-3, PI3K, mTOR, p38 MAPK, VEGF, iNOS, Nrf2, BDNF, NF-κB, Bcl-2, and Bax 13 targets and regulate targets through 13 miRNA. The PPI network and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the JH-CX-DG formula possess potential pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, improving microcirculation, and anti-tumor through the regulation of multiple pathways including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, Toll-like receptor, T cell receptor, EGFR, VEGFR, Apoptosis, HIF-1 (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The JH-CX-DG formula can exert beneficial pharmacological effects through multi-target and multi-pathway interactions. It can be effectively administered for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, microcirculation disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. We found a new effective drug formula through analyzing the compatibility law and systemic pharmacological mechanism of JH. Our study provides a theoretical basis and directions for subsequent research on the JH-CX-DG formula.

scholarly journals Amburana cearensis: Pharmacological and Neuroprotective Effects of Its Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Juliana Helena Castro e Silva ◽  
Rafael Short Ferreira ◽  
Erica Patricia Pereira ◽  
Suzana Braga-de-Souza ◽  
Monique Marylin Alves de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Glutamate Excitotoxicity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Toxic Drugs ◽  
Seed Extracts

Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith is an endemic tree from Northeastern Brazil used in folk medicine as teas, decocts and syrups for the treatment of various respiratory and inflammatory diseases, since therapeutic properties have been attributed to compounds from its stem bark and seeds. Numerous pharmacological properties of semi-purified extracts and isolated compounds from A. cearensis have been described in several biological systems, ranging from antimicrobial to anti-inflammatory effects. Some of these activities are attributed to coumarins and phenolic compounds, the major compounds present in A. cearensis seed extracts. Multiple lines of research demonstrate these compounds reduce oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal death induced by glutamate excitotoxicity, events central to most neuropathologies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD). This review focuses on the botanical aspects, folk medicine use, biological effects and pharmacological activities of A. cearensis compounds and their potential as novel non-toxic drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Hydroxysafflor Yellow A: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for a Broad Spectrum of Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ao ◽  
Wuwen Feng ◽  
Cheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A ◽  
Cell Protection ◽  
Lung Protection ◽  
Metabolism Regulation

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is one of the major bioactive and water-soluble compounds isolated from Carthami Flos, the flower of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). As a natural pigment with favorable medical use, HSYA has gained extensive attention due to broad and effective pharmacological activities since first isolation in 1993. In clinic, the safflor yellow injection which mainly contains about 80% HSYA was approved by the China State Food and Drug Administration and used to treat cardiac diseases such as angina pectoris. In basic pharmacology, HSYA has been proved to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects that include, but not limited to, cardiovascular effect, neuroprotection, liver and lung protection, antitumor activity, metabolism regulation, and endothelium cell protection. Although a great number of studies have been carried out to prove the pharmacological effects and corresponding mechanisms of HYSA, a systemic review of HYSA has not yet been seen. Here, we provide a comprehensive summarization of the pharmacological effects of HYSA. Together with special attention to mechanisms of actions, this review can serve as the basis for further researches and developments of this medicinal compound.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide as Potential Regulatory Gasotransmitter in Arthritic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Sunzini ◽  
Susanna De Stefano ◽  
Maria Sole Chimenti ◽  
Sonia Melino
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innate Immunity Cells

The social and economic impact of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, explains the growing interest of the research in this field. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the endogenous gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were recently demonstrated in the context of different inflammatory diseases. In particular, H2S is able to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory mediations by lymphocytes and innate immunity cells. Considering these biological effects of H2S, a potential role in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), can be postulated. However, despite the growing interest in H2S, more evidence is needed to understand the pathophysiology and the potential of H2S as a therapeutic agent. Within this review, we provide an overview on H2S biological effects, on its role in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, on H2S releasing drugs, and on systems of tissue repair and regeneration that are currently under investigation for potential therapeutic applications in arthritic diseases.

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