The study of East African grain sorghum samples in the conditions of the Rostov region

Sorghum is one of the main food and feed crops in the world. Rapid population growth in Africa requires a growing amount of local foods such as sorghum. Therefore, breeding work aimed at developing highly productive sorghum varieties and hybrids adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Africa and the arid conditions of southern Russia is of great urgency. Therefore, it was necessary to identify the adapted samples with valuable economically valuable traits. The current study has been carried out on the experimental plots of the laboratory for grain sorghum breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. As objects of the study there have been used the grain sorghum varieties of the National Research Institute of Semi-Arid Resources (NaSARRI) of the Republic of Uganda ‘Seso 1’, ‘Seso 3’, ‘Narosorg 1’, ‘Narosorg 2’, ‘Narosorg 3’, ‘Narosorg 4’, ‘Epuripur’, as well as the variety ‘Zernogradskoe 88’ sown as the standard variety. The study was conducted in accordance with the Methodology of State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops and B. A. Dospekhov’s Methodology of a field trial. The purpose of the current study was a comprehensive estimation of grain sorghum varieties developed in the research institutions in Uganda under the conditions of the Rostov region to use the selected samples in further breeding work as sources of economically valuable traits. In the conditions of the Rostov region the Ugandan varieties belonged to the group of middle ripening and late ripening varieties. The plant height in the studied varieties varied from 155 to 210 cm. According to the trait “number of grains per panicle” the varieties had a large number of grains (1829–2530 pcs.). The main share of the NaSARRI varieties had a high percentage of raw protein in grain (13.6–14.9%). A low tannin content was established in the varieties ‘Seso 1’ (0.54%), ‘Epuripur’ (0.66%) and ‘Narosorg 1’ (0.71%).

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NEW PARTHENOCARPIC CUCUMBER HYBRIDS TOLERANT TO DOWNY MILDEW

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2018-5-95-97 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 95-97

Author(s):

A. Yu. Obruchkov

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Research Work ◽

Source Material ◽

The State ◽

Open Ground ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

The Republic ◽

Stable Forms ◽

Research Institute

Research work was carried out in the State University "Transnistrian Research Institute of agriculture" in film greenhouses (spring-summer and summer turnover) and in the open field on the trellis. The aim of the work is to study the source material and create promising lines of cucumber with high parthenocarpic ability, yield and resistance to downy mildew to obtain on their basis heterosis hybrids of cucumber of universal type for various crop rotations. To achieve this goal in 2013-2017 the following tasks were identified: to study the collection samples and to identify the most resistant to downy mildew; to evaluate the source material and select the stable forms; to study the combinational ability of the main features and properties of the parent forms of cucumber hybrids (parthenocarpy, yield, disease resistance); to study the variability and inheritance of the main useful features and properties; to test promising cucumber hybrids for economically valuable traits and properties. The standards were hybrids Enthusiasm (selection RF) and Claudia (Dutch selection). In order to create a source material of parthenocarpic hybrids of cucumber resistant to peronosporosis, 20 samples of breeding material from different countries of origin were studied in the closed and open ground. Four maternal and six paternal forms, as well as eighteen large-humped hybrid combinations were evaluated by the topcross method according to the complex of economically valuable traits and properties. And full diallele the scheme of the seven lines and forty-two tuberculate hybrid combinations. The regularities of variability and signs manifestation in the first generation of hybrids are studied. Given information about the inheritance of the trait of resistance to downy mildew is a promising parthenocarpic hybrid combinations of cucumber created in the Transnistrian agricultural research Institute. Highlighted is sixty-six hybrid combinations of cucumber. Three samples that showed high resistance to downy mildew, was submitted to the State varietal Inspectorate of the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria under the name Condor, Orlan and Shegol.

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The effect of plant density on productivity of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman’ in the Lugansk region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-71-5-39-44 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

V. V. Kovtunov ◽

A. V. Baranovsky

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Experimental Scheme ◽

Sorghum Variety

Frequently occured dry years and a sharp decrease of productivity and gross harvests of grain crops require scientifically grounded selection of grain crops that stabilize its production. Currently, the drought resistant sorghum varieties can become a good alternative for the main spring grain crops. In the Luhansk region, the average annual amount of precipitation is 475 mm, which confirms the advantage in growing grain sorghum over other spring grain crops. However, plant density of the modern recommended grain sorghum varieties related to specific soil and climatic conditions has not yet been studied enough. The purpose of the current research was to study and highlight the optimal plant density of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman' in the conditions of the Luhansk region. The study was carried out on the basis of the Luhansk National Agricultural University in 2018-2019. Sorghum was sown at the rate of 350.000 germinated grains per hectare. In a sprouting phase, plant density was manually formed according to the experimental scheme (from 40 to 340 thousand/ha). The study of the new early-ripening grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman', developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, showed that regardless of the moisture supply and the thermal regime during vegetation, it was advisable to grow this variety with a plant density of 140-220 thousand/ha. In the conditions of the Luhansk region with mineral nutrition N60P40, it was possible to form the productivity of the grain sorghum variety ‘Ataman' at the level of 5.06-5.52 t/ha of grain and more. The vegetation period of the variety ‘Ataman', depending on the plant density and weather/climatic conditions of the year, was 90-102 days, which made it possible to harvest it in the 1st-2nd decade of September without additional drying of the grain. The variety did not lodge or shed its grain, and was also resistant to grain aphids.

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Results of competitive variety testing of new squash varieties in Uzbekistan

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2021-6-30-35 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Sh. R. Aripova ◽

S. I. Dusmuratova ◽

R. A. Khakimov

Keyword(s):

Marketable Yield ◽

Breeding Work ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

The Republic ◽

High Yielding Varieties ◽

Dark Green ◽

Light Green ◽

Selection Of ◽

Variety Testing

The aim of the research is to breed short climbing, early maturing, high-yielding varieties of squash in the natural and climatic zone of Uzbekistan.Methods. The samples of squash 0044SQ (Holland) and BT+KB-001 (Turkey) were taken from the gene pool of the Research Institute of Plant Industry (Uzbekistan) in 2012 for breeding work. In 2013, squash samples were studied in the nursery of the source material, where they were evaluated for biological and economically valuable traits. Individual selection of plants was carried out. In further breeding work (2014-2016 and 2018), the lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 were distinguished.Results. The method of analytical breeding created short-climbing, early maturing, high-yielding of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916. Line LZ-2513 has rounded fruits of light green color. The LH-1916 variety has elongated, dark green fruits. Competitive variety trials of new lines were conducted in 2019-2020. Unumdor variety zoned in the republic served as a standard. It was found that from sprouting to maturity of the fruit in the line LZ-2513 is 44 days, in the line LH-1916 – 45 days. High marketable yield was recorded for squash line LZ-2513 – 18.3 tons/ha (122% of the standard); in line LH-1916 marketable yield was 16.4 tons/ha (112.4% of the standard). This year we organized the primary seed production of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 for multiplication.Conclusion. Promising for cultivation in conditions of Uzbekistan squash line LZ-2513 Orbita (NAP 20200087) and line LH-1916 Viridi (NAP 20200088) were submitted to the Intellectual Property Agency under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan to be patented.

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Adaptive potential of the new winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the conditions of the Rostov region

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-75-3-27-33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Т. S. Bezuglaya ◽

N. E. Samofalova ◽

N. P. Ilichkina ◽

О. А. Dubinina ◽

A. S. Kameneva

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Mean Values ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Rostov Region ◽

New Varieties

Currently, with the growth of scientific and technological progress, the issue of the effect of negative anthropogenic factors on the environment is of great urgency. Due to it there is a necessity to develop the most adaptive agricultural varieties, which is the basis of environmentally friendly agriculture. The current study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2018–2020. The objects of research were 8 varieties sent to the State Variety Testing in 2017–2020 and 5 promising breeding lines of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The weather conditions during the years of the study were contrasting, with the most favorable ones in 2018, when there was obtained a record yield of winter durum wheat from 11.25 to 14.04 t/ha. Differences in the yields of the winter durum wheat varieties over the years were characterized by the variation range from 31.9 to 52.4%. There has been identified insignificant deviations in the yields of the variety ‘Solntsedar’ (+3 – -1.9 t/ha) and the variety ‘Zoloto Dona’ (+3.2 – -2.3 t/ha). The greatest deviations from the average yield were established in the varieties ‘Khrizolit’ (+4.5 – -3.6 t/ha), ‘Almaz Dona’ (+4.3 – -2.9 t/ha) and the line ‘721/15’ (+4.8 – -3.3 t/ha). Due to the assessment according to the adaptability parameters, there have been identified 3 groups of varieties. They are the adaptable varieties ‘Lakomka’, ‘Ellada’, ‘Khrizolit’, which will produce maximum yields under cultivation in the areas with favorable agro-climatic conditions at high agro-backgrounds; the weakly responsive varieties ‘Zoloto Dona’ and ‘Solntsedar’, for cultivation on a low agricultural background, which maintain stable yields with the mean values of 6.88–7.04 t/ha), they react poorly to external conditions, i.e. better adapted to bad and worst environments. The varieties ‘Kristella’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Almaz Dona’ are suitable for cultivation on a medium agricultural background, because they are adaptable varieties with bi = 0.97–1.00. However, the variety ‘Almaz Dona’ turned to be unstable in terms of yields. The promising lines that participated in the analysis with different ecological characteristics will be further involved in breeding programs to increase the adaptability of new varieties. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new varieties and promising lines according to productivity, homeostaticity, adaptability; to identify ecologically adaptable varieties and lines and to give recommendations for further use.

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The efficiency of the herbicide ‘Ballerina’ on grain sorghum

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-73-1-68-72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 68-72

Author(s):

G. V. Metlina ◽

S. A. Vasilchenko

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Field Trials ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Net Income ◽

Row Crops ◽

Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Study Results ◽

Cultivation Technology

The current paper has presented the study results of the effect of different dosages of the herbicide ‘Ballerina SE’ on the weediness of sorghum sowing, as well as the economic efficiency of the application. The purpose of the study was to estimate the efficiency of the use of the herbicide ‘Ballerina’ on grain sorghum and its effect on the weediness of the sowing and the amount of productivity. The field trials were carried out in 2017–2019 in the laboratory for cultivation technology of row crops of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd). The experimental plot is located in the southern agricultural zone of the Rostov region (with insufficient and unstable moisture). The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem) on forestry loams, with 3.2% of humus, 18.5–20.0 mg of P2O5 and 342–360 mg of K2O per kg of soil. The hydrothermal coefficient during the years of study ranged from 0.32 to 0.89, which characterized the insufficient moisture supply of the growing season. There was presented the information on the varietal composition of grain sorghum in the southern zone of the Rostov region. The applied dosages of the herbicide had a significant effect on the reduction of the weediness of grain sorghum after their application (the decrease ranged from 78.3 to 96.7%). The greatest decrease in weediness was noted for dicotyledonous weeds. When using 0.5–l of the herbicide ‘Ballerina SE’ per ha, there was obtained the highest conditional net income of 22,230 rubles/ha, with the lowest production cost of 4,329 rubles/ha and the highest profitability level of 163%.

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THE NEW MAIZE HYBRID ‘ZERNOGRADSKY 299 MB’ OF GRAIN AND SILAGE USE

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2019-64-4-46-49 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

G. Ya. Krivosheev ◽

A. S. Ignatiev

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Research ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The State ◽

Standard Variety ◽

Maize Hybrid ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Variety Testing

Changing climatic conditions and the loss of immunity to diseases and pests of the developed varieties make breeding work to create new genotypes of great necessity. The new middle-early maize hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 299 MB’ of universal direction of economic use (for grain and green fodder) has been developed in the “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The hybrid is three-linear; it belongs to the varieties with crown yellow grain Zea mays L. indentata. It possesses high values of the main economically valuable traits. The average grain productivity through 3 years of competitive variety testing (2014–2016) was 5.36 t/ha, the variety yield exceeded the standard variety ‘Zernogradsky 291 AMB’ on 0.41 t/ha (8.3%). The average productivity of green mass is 27.6 t / ha, which is higher than that of the standard variety on 2.4 t/ha (9.5%). The new hybrid is resistant to lodging (2.1% of lodged plants), drought-resistant, resistant to smut on a natural background (0.4% of affected plants), has a high starch percentage (71.9%). In 2018, according to the results of the State Variety Testing, a new hybrid was introduced into the State List and approved for use in the Central Blackearth and NizheVolzhsky regions to cultivate it for grain and green fodder. It has a high potential for grain productivity. The maximum yield (11.23 t/ha) was obtained in the Central Blackearth region on the Oboyansk plot of the Kursk region, which is higher than the standard variety ‘Voronezhsky 279 CB’ on 2.03 t/ha (22.1%) with lower grain harvesting moisture (on 1,6%) than the standard variety.

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The effect of a vegetation period on productivity, protein and oil percentage in grain of the collection soybean samples

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-78-6-33-38 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

A. R. Ashiev ◽

A. V. Chegunova ◽

M. V. Skulova ◽

K. N. Khabibullin ◽

N. S. Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

Oil Content ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Grain Productivity ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Productivity Indicators ◽

Positive Effect

The purpose of the current study was to identify the effect of the length of a vegetation period of the collection soybean samples on grain productivity and quality. The study was carried out in the southern part of the Rostov region in the fields of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” in 2018–2020. The climate is semi-arid with moderately hot summers. The soil is ordinary thick calcareous heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem). The forecrop was winter wheat. The objects of the study were collection soybean samples of the ARIGPR named after N.I. Vavilov. The study was carried out on 75 samples, including 52 middle early samples with 110-120 days of vegetation and 23 middle maturing samples (120-130 days of vegetation), differing in morphobiological and economically valuable traits. The analysis of a vegetation period, grain productivity and quality of the collection soybean samples has shown that in the southern part of the Rostov region the most variable trait was grain productivity (Cv = 22.5%). The less variable characteristics were protein percentage in grain (Cv = 3.8%), a vegetation period (Cv = 4.2%) and oil content in grain (Cv = 5.3%). There has been identified a positive effect of the length of a vegetation period of soybeans on grain productivity and oil content in grain for both groups of maturity, protein percentage in both groups of maturity having a negative dependence on a vegetation period. The study has shown that in the middle early group, the largest grain productivity was obtained with 117 and 118 days of vegetation, the highest protein percentage with 110 and 114 days of vegetation, and the largest oil content in grain with 118 and 120 days of vegetation. In the middle maturing group, the maximum productivity indicators were obtained for the samples with 126 and 130 days of vegetation, the maximum protein percentage with 122 days of vegetation and the maximum oil content in grain with 123 and 130 days of vegetation. The samples showing the maximum indicators will be included in further soybean breeding.

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SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON SPRING GARLIC IN KAZAKHSTAN: RESULTS, WAYS TO SOLVING PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

EurasianUnionScientists ◽

10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.2.79.1034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (10(79)) ◽

pp. 55-58

Author(s):

G. Ibragimova ◽

V. Alpysbayeva ◽

A. Aitbayeva ◽

G. Tapisheva

Keyword(s):

Scientific Research ◽

The State ◽

The South ◽

Breeding Work ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

The Republic ◽

K 41 ◽

Variety Testing

The aim of the research was to study the collection of spring garlic in the conditions of the south-east of Kazakhstan. The article presents the results of studies assessing the collection of spring garlic by economically valuable traits. According to the results of the assessment, out of 30 varieties, only 8. Sample K-41 (Akzhol) was transferred to the State variety testing of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The remaining samples selected for economically valuable traits (Mestny, Вр.5654, Victoria, Dedushkin kulak, Zhorobets, Вр.5276. Siberian) will be used in further breeding work.

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Spring triticale as a promising crop for the Far East

Вестник ДВО РАН ◽

10.37102/08697698.2020.212.4.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

К.В. ЗЕНКИНА ◽

Т.А. АСЕЕВА

Keyword(s):

Ecological Study ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Far East ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

The Far East ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

The Face ◽

Economically Valuable Traits ◽

Far Eastern

Вопросы интродукции особенно актуальны в агроценозах Среднего Приамурья, так как расширение биологического разнообразия генофонда зерновых колосовых культур позволит наиболее эффективно использовать природные ресурсы региона и обеспечить продовольственную безопасность населения. Одним из путей увеличения производства высококачественного продовольственного и кормового зерна является использование потенциала зерновой культуры – ярового тритикале. Благодаря специфическому геному, включающему компоненты пшеницы и ржи, тритикале обладает высокими потенциальными возможностями повышения продуктивности и является перспективным в условиях дефицита средств интенсификации сельскохозяйственного производства. В статье приведены результаты исследований по яровому тритикале за 2015–2019 гг. На опытных полях Дальневосточного НИИСХ проведено комплексное экологическое изучение коллекционных сортообразцов ярового тритикале. Выделены эффективные источники и доноры по важнейшим хозяйственно ценным признакам, отмечены особенности формирования урожайности ярового тритикале в зависимости от гидротермического режима вегетации, установлена реакция сортообразцов на изменение условий окружающей среды. Создан новый гибридный и селекционный материал ярового тритикале с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков и адаптивных свойств для почвенно-климатических условий Дальнего Востока. Показана перспективность использования этого уникального растения в сельском хозяйстве и различных областях промышленности. Introduction issues are especially relevant for the agrocenoses of the Middle Amur Region, because the expansion of the biological diversity of the cereal crops gene pool allows the most efficient use of the region’s natural resources, and ensure food safety for the population. One way to increase the production of high-quality food and fodder grain is to use the potential of spring triticale. Due to the specific genome, which includes wheat and rye components, triticale has a high potential in increasing productivity, and is promising in the face of the lack of agricultural production intensification means. The article presents the results of studies on spring triticale for 2015–2019. A comprehensive ecological study of the spring triticale cultivar collection was conducted on the experimental fields of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute. Effective sources and donors of the most important economically valuable traits were identified, the dependence of the formation of spring triticale yield from the hydrothermal regime of the growing season was established, and the reaction of cultivar samples to the changing environmental conditions was determined. A new hybrid and a breeding material of spring triticale with a complex of economically valuable traits and adaptive properties to the soil and climatic conditions of the Far East was created. The prospects of using this unique crop in agriculture and various industries were shown.

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Features of the winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2021-78-6-3-8 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

М. М. Ivanisov ◽

D. M. Marchenko ◽

E. I. Nekrasov

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Research Center ◽

Production Volume ◽

High Quality ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Breeding Work ◽

Winter Bread Wheat ◽

Economically Valuable Traits

The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. Winter wheat is the most valuable grain food crop grown in vast areas. Breeding plays an important role in increasing production volume and improving grain quality as the basis of the country’s food fund. Expanding grain crops area, among which wheat predominates, there is a problem of crop rotation. Therefore, the development of unified varieties capable of producing stable high grain yields after various forecrops is one of the most urgent areas of breeding work for winter bread wheat. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type developed by the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” according to the main economically valuable traits. Due to the intensive breeding work over the past decade, on the basis of some of the best zoned varieties ‘Ermak’, ‘Stanichnaya’, ‘Donskoy syurpriz’ there was developed a number of new promising genotypes, which are already being used in production sowings of winter wheat in the Rostov region and other regions of our country. The new winter bread wheat varieties of unified type ‘Lydia’, ‘Kapitan’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Volny Don’, ‘Zhavoronok’ and ‘Polina’ are more productive than their parental forms. In combination with grain of high quality, resistance to bio and abiotic environmental factors, they are very valuable, beneficial for cultivation and improvement of the production of commercial wheat grain of high quality.

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