scholarly journals Associations between %AA (20:4 n6) and Relative Amounts of Other Body Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Arne Høstmark
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Regulatory Principle ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Group 1

Body fatty acids are important in health and disease. Previously, we reported a positive association between % AA (20:4 n6) and relative amounts of EPA (20:5 n3) and of some other fatty acids. We now study positive and negative correlations in general between %AA and percentages of other fatty acids, as observed in chicken breast muscle. Two groups of fatty acids were identified: Group 1) with relative amounts correlating negatively with %AA, and Group 2) with relative amounts correlating positively with %AA. With the positive correlations, but not with the negative ones, we obtained similar scatterplots using true and random numbers. This apparent discrepancy is probably related to differences in skewness of the concentration distribution of some fatty acids. Most of Group 2 fatty acids are eicosanoid or docosanoid precursors. The overall correlation outcome may be largely explained by the particular concentration ranges of the fatty acids. We therefore suggest Distribution Dependent Correlations to be an evolutionary regulatory principle, possibly ensuring balance between various eicosanoids and docosanoids.

scholarly journals Distribution Dependent and Cluster Regulation of Associations between Body Fatty Acid Percentages, as observed in Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Arne Torbjørn Høstmark ◽  
Anna Haug
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Mathematical Rule ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
True Values ◽  
Group 1

Body fatty acids are important in health and disease. We previously observed two groups of fatty acids in breast muscle of chickens: Group 1) with relative amounts correlating negatively with %AA (20:4 n6), and Group 2) with relative amounts correlating positively with %AA. Within each of the two groups, we here found positive correlations between fatty acid percentages. Accordingly, Group 1 percentages correlated negatively with those of Group 2. With random numbers in lieu of the true values of Group 2 fatty acids, we were able to reproduce the positive correlations found with true values, if the random numbers were generated with the true ranges. In contrast, with random numbers we did not succeed in reproducing all of the negative correlations between Group 1 and Group 2 fatty acid percentages. We then observed that absolute amounts (g/kg) of fatty acids in Group 1 correlated positively and strongly (r > 0.9), suggesting a coordinated regulation of these fatty acids. Thus, Group 1 fatty acids seemed to be a cluster of fatty acids. Random number cluster percentage showed nice inverse associations with random number Group 2 fatty acid percentages, like the outcome observed with the true values. We suggest that associations between fatty acid percentages are caused by their concentration distributions, and by cluster regulation. Distribution Dependent and Cluster Regulation could be an evolutionary adaptation, where a mathematical rule is utilized to e.g. balance effects of eicosanoids/docosanoids, and possibly other metabolites.

scholarly journals Plasma fatty acids in de novo lipogenesis pathway are associated with diabetogenic indicators among adults: NHANES 2003–2004

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine A Yu ◽  
Peter J Hu ◽  
Saurabh Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background Insulin regulates fatty acids (FAs) in the blood; conversely, FAs may mediate insulin sensitivity and are potentially modifiable risk factors of the diabetogenic state. Objective The objective of our study was to examine the associations between plasma concentrations of FAs, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals (n = 1433) in the NHANES (2003–2004). Design Plasma concentrations of 24 individual FAs were considered individually and in subgroups, per chemical structure. Study participants were categorized in diabetogenic groups: Group 1 (HbA1c ≥6.5% or FPG ≥126 mg/dL), Group 2 (HbA1c 5.7% to <6.5% or FPG 100 to <126 mg/dL), and Group 3 (HbA1c <5.7% and FPG <100 mg/dL). We assessed associations between diabetogenic groups and plasma FAs in multivariate multinomial regressions (with Group 3 as the reference). Results Overall, 7.0% of study participants were in Group 1; 33.3% were in Group 2. Plasma concentrations of several individual FAs, including even-chain saturated FAs (SFAs; myristic, palmitic, stearic acids) and monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs; cis-vaccenic, oleic acids), were respectively associated with greater odds of Groups 1 and 2 status, adjusting for covariates. Higher concentrations of SFA and MUFA subgroups (highest compared with lowest quartile) were associated with increased odds of Group 2 status [SFAs adjusted OR (aOR): 1.51 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.18); MUFAs aOR: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.85)]. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid plasma concentration was associated with decreased odds of Group 1 status [quartile 4 aOR: 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.95)]. Conclusions Higher plasma concentrations of SFAs and MUFAs, primary de novo lipogenesis products, were associated with elevated FPG and HbA1c in a nationally representative study population in the United States. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate potential causal relationships between FAs (from endogenous production and dietary consumption) and diabetogenic indicators, as well as clinical implications for managing diabetes and prediabetes.

scholarly journals Increased serum interleukin-9 and interleukin-1β are associated with depression in type 2 diabetes patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabhat VARSHNEY ◽  
Rizwana PARVEEN ◽  
Mohd Ashif KHAN ◽  
Sunil KOHLI ◽  
Nidhi B. AGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Background: Co-morbid diabetes and depression are prevalent chronic conditions negatively affecting quality of life (QoL). Inflammation has been considered as an integral mechanism in patients with both diabetes and depression. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate depression and its association with interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-9 in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) and controls. The QoL in diabetic patient was also assessed. Methods: Eighty subjects were included, distributed among three groups: Group 1 - Healthy controls; Group 2 - T2DM patients without depression; Group 3 - T2DM patients with depression. Depression and QoL were assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and The Audit of Diabetes-Dependent QoL (ADDQoL), respectively. IL-1β and IL-9 were measured in serum samples of all the patients using ELISA kit. Results: The PHQ score in the Group 3 was significantly higher as compared to Group 1. The ADDQoL scores in the Group 3 were significantly higher as compared to Group 2. Levels of IL-9 and IL-1β were elevated in Group 3, as compared to the other groups. Conclusion: This study showed positive association between depression and IL-1β, IL-9 in T2DM patients. Additionally, the diabetic patients have poorer quality of life, which is further worsened by the presence of depression. Thus, routine assessment for the presence of depression is suggested in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Dynamic parameters of homeostasis under the influence of antiaggregant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation and metabolic syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2 (70)) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Orynchak ◽  
M. M. Vasylechko
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Dynamic Parameters ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
D Dimer ◽  
Group 1

The condition of coagulation and platelet hemostasis in 125 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and with metabolic syndrome (MS) has been analysed. Сoagulation and platelet hemostasis in 125 patients with AF and MS under treatment with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (group 1), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) (group 2) and ASA with L-arginine (3 group) during 2 months were measured. It was established that omega-3 PUFAs are more effective compared with ASA/aspirin with L-arginine and it promotes normalization of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes (SFMK), D-dimer and improves the platelet aggregative activity (PAA).

The levels of leptin, adiponectin, and free fatty acids in the patients of different body weight presenting with myocardial infarction and elevated ST segment

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
L V Kvitkova ◽  
D A Borodkina ◽  
O V Gruzdeva ◽  
O L Barbarash ◽  
A A Silonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The present study involed the patients (n=100) presenting with myocardial infarction (MI). Based on the body mass index, they were allocated to three groups: those with normal body mass index (BMI) (18.5≤BMI< 25 kg/m2; n=32; group 1), overweight patients (25≤BMI <30 kg/m2; n=42; group 2), and obese patients (BMI≤30 kg/m2; n=27; group 3). The laboratory studies included the measurement of serum adipocytokine levels (leptin, adiponectin, and free fatty acids (FFA)) in conjunction with the evaluation of insulin resistance (IR). All the patients regardless of BMI had the waist circumference in excess of the upper limit of the normal gender-specific values. Deviations from the reference values of leptin, adiponectin, and FFA levels were observed in 65.6% of the patients with normal BWI, in 69.0% of the overweight patients, and in 70.3% of the obese patients. In the patients of all the three groups, significant correlation was documented between waist circumference and the levels of leptin (group 1: r=0.3100, p=0.00; group 2: r=0.32, p=0.00; group 3: r=0.37, p=0.03) and adiponectin (group 1: r=-0.43, p=0.00; group 2: r=-0.35, p=0.04; group 3: r=-0.18, p=0.01). Moreover, the waist circumference significantly correlated with the occurrence of IR (group 1: r=0.11, p=0.04; group 2: r=0.45, p=0.00, group 3: r=0.34, p=0.03). It is concluded that the observed deviations of the parameters of interest from the respective reference values suggest disturbances in the metabolic and secretory functions of the visceral adipose tissue associated with the enlargement of its volume).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Serum Resistin Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease and Effects of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Its Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Devanoorkar ◽  
C.D. Dwarakanath ◽  
Gayatri Gundanavar ◽  
Rahul Kathariya ◽  
Sudhir R Patil
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Resistin and adiponectin are the adipokines secreted by adipocytes and various inflammatory cells. These adipokines are known to play an important role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the serum resistin levels in periodontal health and disease and also, to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on its levels.Methods: A total of 40 patients (20 Males and 20 Females; age range 20–50 years) participated in the study. Subjects were categorized as healthy (group 1; Controls) and chronic periodontitis (group 2; Study) groups based on their periodontal status. Periodontal parameters (Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL)) together with serum resistin levels were assessed at baseline and between 6–8 weeks following nonsurgical periodontal therapy for subjects in group~2 and only at baseline in group 1. Sera were tested in duplicate (single run), and the results were averaged.Results: Study group showed higher (1.89 ± 1.83 ng/ml) serum resistin levels, compared to control group (1.35 ± 0.70 ng/ml). However, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.227). Also, resistin levels decreased following nonsurgical periodontal therapy but, this decrease failed to show any statistical significance, with pretreatment levels being 1.89 ± 1.83 ng/ml and post treatment levels being 1.59 ± 1.01 ng/ml (P=0.386).Conclusion: Observations of the present study revealed that there was not much difference in the serum resistin levels between the cases and the controls. Also the decrease in the resistin levels following nonsurgical periodontal therapy did not show any statistical significance.

scholarly journals The influence of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrial fibrillation development after surgical myocardial revascularisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 693-699
Author(s):  
Olesya A. Rubanenko ◽  
O. V. Fatenkov ◽  
S. M. Khokhlunov ◽  
A. P. Semagin ◽  
D. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Intake ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim. To estimate the influence of short-term omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) treatment on the development of new cases of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with the detection of indicators of inflammation, oxidative stress, myocardial injury or dysfunction. Material and methods. The patients did not receive statins at the stage of out-patient treatment. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, troponin, NT-proBNP, superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured on admission and 3.6±1.3 days after CABG. All the patients were divided into two groups: group 1 comprised patients who did not receive omega-3 PUFA (51 patients, 86.3% males, mean age 62.8+4.0), 2 group included patients who received PUFA (51 patients, 90.2% males, mean age 62.1±4.0 years) 5 days (mean) before CABG at an average dose 2 g per day and for 3 weeks after CABG at an average dose 1 g per day. Results. Postoperative AF more often occurred in group 1 (41.2% vs 23.5%; p=0.04 ( mean 4.8±3.0 days). The patients of group 1 more often had FC-III angina pectoris (60.8% vs 51.0%, p=0.04), whereas patients of group 2 more often had the history of myocardial infarction (78.4% vs 58.8%, p=0.03) and respiratory pathology (23.5% vs 2.0%, p=0.0009). According to univariate regression analysis, omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with a decrease of new episodes of AF at the early postoperative period (odds ratio (OR) 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.43-0.9; p=0.04). IL-6 levels were significantly higher in pre- and postoperative periods in patients of group 1 (34.8±25.5 pg/ml vs 2.9±2.5 pg/ml, p<0.0001; 54.6±44.9 pg/ml vs 39.5±29.7 pg/ml, p=0.04, respectively). Before CABG, SOD levels in both groups were higher than normal (group 1 - 3478.6±2365.7 units/g vs group 2 - 2893.4±2365.7 units/g, p>0.05). After CABG, SOD levels became lower in both groups but remained significantly higher in group 1 (2311.8±1371.6 units/g vs 662.5±572.4 units/g, р<0.0001). MPO after CABG was insignificantly raised in group 1 (before CABG - 176.8±83.8 mg/l, after CABG - 212.5±131.8 mg/l) and lowered in patients with omega-3 PUFA intake (280.4±202.1 before and 235.3±147.6 after CABG). Conclusions. The study showed that omega-3 PUFA intake in perioperative period of CABG leads to a significant decrease in occurrence of new AF cases. The patients who received omega-3 had lower IL-6 levels as a proinflammatory factor and SOD level as a marker of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 712-720
Author(s):  
L.N. Mazankova ◽  
◽  
S.G. Perlovskaya ◽  
M.D. Ardatskaya ◽  
A.A. Korsunskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: to develop a method of dysbiotic abnormality prevention after antibiotic therapy (ABT) in early childhood. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 90 children aged 12–60 months who were admitted to the hospital with complicated acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and received ABT. The children were randomized into three groups (each comprised of 30 children). The children received either a probiotic with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium BB-12 (group 1) or a cytomucoprotector, gelatin tannate (group 2) to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Group 3 children received ABT only. To assess microbiocenosis, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Results: AAD was reported in 23.3% of group 1 children, 17% of group 2 children, and 46.7% of group 3 children (p=0.03). In group 2, the duration of diarrhea was significantly lower. Baseline stool concentration of SCFAs was 2.5-times lower compared to normal ranges. Further reduction in the total absolute level of SCFAs was reported in group 3 after treatment. An increase in total SCFA level, a significant increase in the relative amounts of acetic acid, and a reduction in propionic acid and (to a lesser degree) butyric acid were reported in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3. Conclusions: an improvement in stool SCFA levels was reported in group 1 and 2 children who received probiotics or cytomucoprotector. Incorporation of these medications and ABT in the complex treatment for ARIs in children stabilized metabolic activity of microbiota through preserving the pool of indigenous microorganisms producing butyrate. KEYWORDS: antibiotic, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, acute respiratory viral infections, microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, probiotic, gelatin tannate. FOR CITATION: Mazankova L.N., Perlovskaya S.G., Ardatskaya M.D. et al. Prevention of dysbiosis and antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children with acute respiratory infections after antibiotic therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2021;5(11):712–720 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2021-5-11-712-720.

NORMALIZATION OF THE METABOLISM OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS OF PHOSOLIPIDS OF THE LIVER OF RATS RECEIVED WITH PALM OIL ON THE BACKGROUND OF DISBIOSIS BY THE PHYTOPREPARATION “KVERTULIN”

Fitoterapia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
A. P. Levitsky ◽  
◽  
A. V. Markov ◽  
T. I. Pupin ◽  
V. M. Zubachik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Pufa Content ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Keywords: liver, phospholipids, essential fatty acids, palm oil, dysbiosis, herbal medicine. Aim. To study the effect of the phytopreparation kvertulin on the processes of biosynthesis of PUFA of liver phospholipids in rats treated with palm oil against the background of dysbiosis. Methods. Rats consumed a fat-free diet (group 1), a diet with 15 % palm oil (group 2), a diet with 15 % palm oil on the background of experimental dysbiosis (group 3) and a diet with 15 % palm oil on background of dysbiosis + kvertulin. The duration of the experiment is 40 days. The content of fatty acids in liver phospholipids was determined by gas chromatography. The ratio of the PUFA content was used to calculate the “activity” of ω-3-desaturase, the intensity of synthesis of arachidonic acid, and the intensity of synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid. Results: In rats of the 3rd group, which received palm oil against the background of dysbiosis, there was a decrease in the content of ω-3 PUFA, an increase in the ratio of ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA, and a decrease in the “activity” of ω-3-desaturase. In rats of the 4th group, which received kvertulin, the content of PUFA was completely restored and the “activity” of enzymes of their biosynthesis was normalized. Conclusion. The use of the phytopreparation kvertulin normalizes the endogenous biosynthesis of PUFA of liver phospholipids in rats consuming palm oil against the background of dysbiosis.

Prognostic Role Of The Microenvironment In Follicular lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 5052-5052
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Nesterova ◽  
Sergey K. Kravchenko ◽  
Eduard G. Gemdjian ◽  
Valeri G. Savchenko ◽  
Alla M. Kovrigina
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Microvessel Density ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by clinical heterogeneity. There is a need for easily quantifiable prognostic biomarkers. No consensus has been achieved regarding the prognostic significance of the microvessel density, number of macrophages and cytotoxic lymphocytes within the tumor. Objectives To characterize the microvessel density, number of macrophages and cytotoxic lymphocytes within tumor tissue using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of sections from paraffin blocks of lymph node biopsies in two groups of patients with different clinical courses of FL. Patients and methods The study included 59 patients with FL: 39 women (67%) and 20 men (33%). The median age was 53 years (range: 27–83 years). Forty nine patients were observed in the National Research Center for Hematology (Moscow), and 10 patients in Cancer Research Center (Moscow), from April 2001 until May 2011. Group 1, “good outcome”, included 28 patients who were followed for 2 or more years after the therapy, had remission, or developed relapse in five or more years from the start of treatment (late relapse). Group 2, “poor outcome”, included 31 patients who died due to tumor progression in the first 1–2 years from the time of diagnosis, had primary tumor resistance, or developed FL relapse in the first year from the start of treatment (early relapse). Patients in both groups received the same initial treatment with rituximab. Five year OS rate in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (83±7% vs 28±13%; ð=0.03). In all 59 cases the samples for IHC analysis were selected by using a table of random numbers, without knowing to which study group they belonged. Each study parameter (microvessel density, number of cytotoxic lymphocytes and macrophages within a tumor) was evaluated and then assigned to prognostic group 1 or 2. The vascularization of tumor tissue was assessed by IHC on sections from paraffin blocks of tumor lymph node biopsies. CD34 and D2-40 (podoplanin) antibodies were used for the visualization of blood and lymphatic vessels, respectively. CD68 antibody was used to detect activated macrophages. Granzyme B antibody was used to visualize cytotoxic lymphocytes. Morphometric analysis was performed using light microscopy and a Leica digital camera (400x). The pictures were processed by the computer program “VideoTesT-Morphology 5.2” in order to estimate the percentage of vessels in the tumor tissue. IHC specimen evaluation was carried out using a table of random numbers. Number of macrophages and cytotoxic lymphocytes in nodular and nodular-diffuse types of tumor growth was evaluated by light microscopy (400x): the cells were counted in 1 mm2 of tumor tissue, and the number of positive cells was determined in the intrafollicular and interfollicular space. Results Blood vessel density and lymph vessel density in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1 (p=0.03). The cut-off point for blood and lymphatic vessel density in 1 mm2, which differentiates group 1 from group 2, was 0.04. The number of cytotoxic lymphocytes in intrafollicular space, interfollicular space and diffuse area of tumor nodules in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (ð=0.05). The cut-off point for tumor-associated cytotoxic lymphocytes in 1 mm2, which differentiates group 1 from group 2, was 100 (Figure 1). The number of macrophages within tumors with nodular and diffuse growth in group 2 was significantly higher than in group 1 (ð=0.01) (Figure 2). The cut-off point for macrophages in 1 mm2, which differentiates group 1 from group 2, was 250. Statistical analysis were done using JMP ver. 10.0 (SAS, Cary, NC). Conclusion Our results demonstrate an association between higher angiogenic activity in the tumor and poor prognosis. A low number of cytotoxic lymphocytes and a high number of macrophages within the tumor were also associated with a poor prognosis. We suggest that these results will help to predict clinical response in FL using rituximab. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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