scholarly journals New varieties and promising hybrids of Pelargonium grandiflorum hybridium hort. in humid subtropics of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
N. M. Gutieva
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Adaptive Selection ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ornamental Traits ◽  
Humid Subtropics ◽  
Selection Of

A genetic collection of the genus Pelargonium L’Herit. ex Ait., with 40 % stock represented by Pelargoniumgrandiflorum hybridium hort., is originated at the Federal Subtropical Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The main collection varieties, including Aristo, Elegance, Candy Flowers, Hazel and Bermuda, are foreign selections attaining their best qualities under optimal soil and climatic conditions. Cultivation in humid subtropics disturbs their growth and development, at the same time as deteriorating their productivity and ornamental value. The research aimed to study the hybrid stock towards the selection of hardiest, most ornamental and long-flowering forms corresponding to a specified variety model. The variety model developed for Russian subtropic agroclimate incorporated a main set of economically valuable and adaptively significant traits. Over 30 varietal crossbreedings have been conducted to select for promising recombinants and hybrid families. A high variability of phenotypic ornamental traits has been observed in the crosses offspring. We identified 15 promising hybrids from the total morphological trait combination. Adaptive selection against stress factors has been proved effective. The most successful combinations were Hazel Ripple x Yashma, Hazel Cherry x Rozovyy Briz and A. Darling x Rozovyy Briz. A subset of elite forms (Kd-15-43, Kr-16-28 and Kc-18-22) maximising the number of significant breeding traits have further been selected towards a higher total score (≥95). K.j.-17-15, Kq-18-04 and K.ya-16-03 were recognised promising for large-flowered form selection. The Yagodnyy Tsvet variety, Kv-18-01 and K.d.-18-09 hybrids (over 35 inflorescences) have been identified as sources for high flower production. K.p-17-65, Kr-16-28 and Kc-18-22 were the hybrids with flowering period exceeding 100 days. All crosses were based on Hazel as a maternal form sourcing the trait.

scholarly journals Influence of innovative forms of fertilizers on the adaptive potential of tea plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
A. G. Lagoshina ◽  
E. K. Pchikhachev ◽  
O. G. Belous
Keyword(s):  
Bound Water ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is dedicated to the search for effective ways to regulate the functional state of tea plants under stress that ensure an increase in yield and its stability in varying climatic conditions, preserving and improving the quality of products (finished tea). The research was carried out during 2019-2020 on the basis of the Adygeya Branch of the Federal Research Centre “The Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences” on tea plants of the Kimyn variety population. It is shown that the winter period can be considered comfortable for the tea culture, while in the summer the plants regularly suffer hydrothermal stress. During the action of stress factors in the period of summer depression, in the pre-winter months (October-November), on variants with foliar treatments with innovative forms of fertilizers, there was a slight increase in bound water, active formation of proline and ascorbic acid in physiologically mature tea leaves. The use of innovative forms of fertilizers is an element of activation of the nonspecific protection mechanism and can become the main element of the technology of cultivation of tea plants.

scholarly journals The introduction of dwarf bearded irises in South-Ural Botanical Garden-Iinstitute

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
A. A. Reut ◽  
L. F. Beksheneva
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seasonal Rhythm ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the results of the study of introduced varieties of dwarf bearded irises (Filippok, Deep Lavender, Bright White,CherryGarden, Clash, Well Suited, Banbury Ruffl es, Skip Stitch, Inscription, April Accent, Lace Caper, Double Lament) on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The main purpose of the study was to replenish the collection of the genus Iris with new varieties from the classes MDB (miniature dwarf bearded irises) and SDB (standard dwarf bearded irises), their introduction and selection of the most valuable varieties suitable for introduction into production, as well as for use in breeding. Seasonal rhythm of plants was studied by the method of phenological observations. The evaluation of ornamental features was carried out according to the generally accepted methodology, and also used the scale of comparative variety evaluation developed by theMainBotanical garden. As a result of the phenological observations there was revealed that the timing of fl owering all studied irises, except for the variety Skip Stitch, attributed to the early flowering – the beginning of fl owering is observed in May. The earliest onset of the fl owering phase was observed in the variety April Accent (May 21); at the latest – in the variety Skip Stitch (June 03). The duration of the fl owering phase ranged from 10 (Inscription) to 27 (Lace Caper) days. The life of the fl ower from disclosure to wilt averaged from four to six days. It was found that in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Ural half of the studied varieties undergo a full cycle of development: they bloom and bear fruit, the remaining varieties are limited to fl owering. As result of the conducted evaluation of ornamentality, the studied irises received 90 or more points. The Clash and Well Suited varieties were characterized by highest ornamental qualities, which scored 98 points. On the basis of the conducted evaluation it was found that the studied varieties are adapted for cultivation in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Ural. 

scholarly journals Creation of competitive varieties of melon and pumpkin with valuable economic trends

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
M. S. Kornilova ◽  
D. P. Kurunina ◽  
G. V. Varivoda
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties

Relevance. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Trans-Volga region are considered favorable for melon growing and make it possible to obtain high-quality products. The purpose of the research was to create new competitive varieties and hybrids of melon and pumpkin.Materials and methods. The object of the research is new varieties of melon and butternut pumpkin created at the Bykovskaya melon breeding experimental station. Melon cultivar Osen and pumpkin cv. Zhemchuzhina were used as standards. The methods of creation are intervarietal hybridization, individual and mass selection. During the growing season, appropriate observations and counts were carried out.Results. As a result of many years of breeding work at the Bykovskaya cucurbits selection experimental station, a melon cultivar 251 and a pumpkin cultivar 509 have been created. both producers and consumers. Therefore, the obtained varieties were evaluated for taste, yield, resistance to biological and abiofactors of the environment, dry matter content, fruit size, fruit and pulp color. During the comparative assessment of the accessions, it was determined that the new varieties of melon and pumpkin exceed the standards in terms of the main economically valuable traits. The average yield during the study, in the melon cultivar 251, exceeded the standard by 47.8%. In the pumpkin cultivar, the average yield for three years of research exceeded the standard by 69.6%. In terms of taste, the new melon variety was at the level of the standard, the cv. Osen. A variety of butternut pumpkin exceeded the standard in all quality indicators. The susceptibility to powdery mildew in the melon cultivar varied depending on the year of research. The melon sample showed resistance to anthracnose higher than the standard by 16.4 and 18.6%, over the years of study. In the pumpkin cultivar, resistance to powdery mildew and anthracnose was higher than the standard, on average by 34.9% to powdery mildew and by 28.6% to anthracnose. Thus, new varieties of melon and pumpkin meet the modern requirements of the industrial melon industry, are resistant to environmental stress factors, common diseases, and have economically valuable traits.

MINT SELECTION FOR DIFFERENT SPECIFIC PURPOSES

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
А. I. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Mint Leaf ◽  
Selection Of

In article questions of selection of mint – a valuable aromatic plant in our country are considered. Using wild-growing types of mints as donors of the economic and useful signs and also various methods of selection – clonal selection, hybridization, a mutagenesis by selectors are created the high-yield, steady against biotic and abiotic factors of the external environment, adapted to cultivation to concrete soil climatic conditions grades of mint of different purpose. Their comparative sortoispytaniye in the conditions of the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation showed that on set of economic and valuable signs Medichka  grades, Lekarstvennaya 4, Yantarnaya and Aromatnaya, possessing a good bouquet and aroma of an essential oil which are the most perspective for cultivation on a mint leaf, whereas grades the Moskvichka and Kubanskaya 6 with the increased content of menthol in oil more are suitable for production of an essential oil and mentholum were allocated. The profitability level of peppermint production due to the peculiarities of the varieties, their yield, resistance to abiotic and biotic factors, and the high costs of manual labor during planting, depends on the region of cultivation. In most cases, this is due to the shortcomings of the existing assortment of this crop in a given zone. A set of varieties is needed that can use the favorable environmental factors (natural and anthropogenic) with the greatest efficiency and stand against stress factors simultaneously. The further selection work with mint directed to increase in content biologically of the active materials in a feed stock, has to be conducted with use of methods of genomic selection.

scholarly journals Biometric characteristics of fruits and leaves of Cornus officinalis Siebold et Zucc. genotypes in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 85-86 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
S.V. Klymenko ◽  
A.P. Ilyinska
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Cornus Officinalis ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Selection Of

In the context of global climate change, the current strategy of agroeconomics focuses on the introduction of unique plant species and the selection of new commercially important cultivars adapted to the dramatic weather changes. Cornus officinalis (Cornaceae) has Chinese origin, its reintroduction at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine started in 1993. The objectives of this research were: to investigate the biometric parameters of fruits and leaves of C. officinalis genotypes, C. officinalis × C. mas hybrid ‘Etude’ and genotype from the grafting C. officinalis on C. mas under cultivation in the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and to determine the degree of adaptation of C. officinalis to the climatic conditions of Ukraine (in particular, Right-Bank Forest Steppe) for selection of promising genotypes for further breeding work. Material and methods. We used: a) 26-year-old maternal plant obtained from a two-year-old seedling in 1993 received from the nursery “Northwoods Wholesale Nursery” Mollala (Oregon, USA), where it was grown as an ornamental plant; b) seedlings of the maternal plant; c) cultivar Etude, which is an artificial hybrid from crossing C. officinalis × C. mas; and d) genotype obtained from grafting C. officinalis on C. mas. In our experiment, the maternal plant is indicated as G-01, while other plants – as G-02–G-08 genotypes. We determined the biometric parameters of the fruit (length, diameter, and weight), endocarp (length, diameter, and weight), pedicel (length and thickness), leaf blade (length, width, and the number of lateral veins) and petiole (length, width, and thickness). We examined the dynamics of fruit and endocarp formation during the season (genotypes G-01–G-03 and G-05) and compared the biometric characteristics of the fruit of genotypes G-01–G-05 from crops of two years, 2010 and 2018, which were most favorable in weather conditions. We have processed quantitative data in the PAST 2.10 software. The differences between the samples were estimated using the Tukey-Kramer test. The degree of variability was determined by the coefficient of variation. To assess the level of variability, we used the classification of Mamaev (1975). Results. We have found that the largest fruits in 2010 were observed in the genotype G-01 and the smallest – in the genotype G-03. The coefficient of variation of the linear parameters of the fruit and endocarp was in the range 5.7–10.1 %; the level of variability was very low or low. The variability of fruit weight and endocarp was high; the coefficient of variation was from 7.0 up to 28.3 %. The amplitude of the linear parameters of the leaf was wide (coefficient of variation was from 9.8 to 31.0 %). The cultivar Etude differed from other C. officinalis genotypes in size and weight of (M = 1800 mg, max = 2400 mg) and a much wider amplitude of variation in the length (17.9–22.6 vs. 14.3–18.2 mm) of the fruit. The largest leaves were in the genotypes G-08 and G-01, and the smallest – in the genotype G-02. The cultivar Etude did not differ so much by the mean leaf morphometric indices and number of veins, but it demonstrated one of the broadest leaf blades (51.5 mm). Conclusions. The data obtained in this study is important for the commercial use of C. officinalis and the cultivar Etude as food and medicinal plant, as well as for breeding in climatic conditions of Ukraine and analysis of hybridization features in the genus Cornus in general.

scholarly journals Selection of Adaptive Agricultural Technologies in Digital Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Andrey V Gostev ◽  
Aleksey I Pykhtin ◽  
Roman V Popadinets
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Selection Of

As follows from the analysis of the collected experimental material of long-term field trials of the Kursk Federal Agricultural Research Centre and generalization of the activities results of leading domestic research and educational institutions, as well as the practical results of many agricultural enterprises of the eastern part of Europe, we have identified the most effective conditions for the use of basic agricultural methods in wheat cultivation technologies as well as spring and winter barley, seed peas, buckwheat, grain maize, oats, millet and winter rye cultivation technologies of different levels of intensity which contribute to the rational use of available resources of agricultural producers based on the prevailing soil and climatic conditions. The technologies made it possible to prepare scientific-methodological approaches and a mathematical model to solve the problems of selecting an adaptive technology of crops cultivation. A normative-reference database for different types of crops cultivation technologies has also been made, including a list of zoned recognized varieties and hybrids of crops under study, necessary technology methods taking into account conditions of their effective use. Currently, an algorithm and the corresponding software are being developed to choose the most expedient technology of crop cultivation for specific soil and climatic conditions depending on a set of defining factors. There has been created software (in the form of a complex of programs for stationary computers and mobile electronic devices with the Android operating system. A specialized website has been developed. It provides a scientifically well-grounded selection of crops varieties and hybrids for the eastern part of Europa on the basis of user-specified conditions.

scholarly journals Perspective sample of root chicory

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines. 

scholarly journals Perspective sample of root chicory

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. A. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
High Yields ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines. 

Wheat Breeding Research In The Zarafshan Oasis Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Gaybullayev Gulom Saydalimovich ◽  
◽  
Bolbekov Makhsud Abduvakhobovich ◽  
Tuygunov Rasul Bolibekovich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The article describes the results of research on the selection of varieties suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the study of samples of the world collection of wheat in the breeding process and the creation of new varieties and primary selection by mixing them with one variety.

scholarly journals Biological protection of plum from shot hole disease in the humid subtropics of the Krasnodar region (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00035
Author(s):  
Nikolai Leonov ◽  
Timur Bulgakov
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Humid Subtropics

The article considers the biologization of plum trees protection system from shot hole disease caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Wilsonomyces carpophilus in the humid subtropics of the Krasnodar region. Several biological fungicides based on different strains of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Alirin-B®, Bactophyt®, Gamair®, Phytosporin-M®, Vitaplan®), the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (Rhizoplan®) and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Glyocladin® and Trichocin®) were tested on Stanley plum trees at the experimental base of the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Sochi) in 2015–2017. According to seasonal features of shot hole disease and the results of experiments, the optimal timetable schedule for plum treatment with the fungicides was found (3 treatments in May–June).

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