Study of maximum frost resistance of cherry scion/stock combinations

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva ◽  
A. S. Lyakhova
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
State Study ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Selection Of

The research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of stability of physiology of fruit plants at All-Russian research Institute of Breeding of Fruit Crops in 2017-2018. The object of research was the scion/stock combinations of Novella and Turgenevka cherries/82987, C-2-180, 74332, 74340, 74336, 74324 breeding of the Institute. In the study of winter hardiness of cherry, special attention was paid to the ability of varieties to withstand low temperatures in mid-winter. The aim of the research was to study the maximum frost new scion/stock combinations of cherries by artificial freezing and selection of the hardiest of them. The results of the research noted that in the recovery period of organic dormancy in late December, when the cherry plants acquire the maximum hardened state, study scion/stock combinations were characterized by high resistance to frost of bark and wood of annual branches. They noted frost resistance of vegetative buds with reversible damage. Significant differences in the freezing vegetative buds, bark and wood between scion/stock combinations of sweet cherries are shown. Novella and Turgenevka cherry varieties on clonal rootstocks 74332, 74336, characterized by the greatest potential frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues of annual branches at lower t= -35°C (winter hardiness component II) at the end of December. It is shown that all cherry scion/stock combinations have a low potential frost resistance of generative buds. After exposure to t= -35°C, living rudiments of flower buds preserved only in cherry scion/stock combinations Novella/74332, Turgenevka/74340, 74336 (from 4.0 to 15.4 %). According to the results of artificial freezing scion/stock combination Novella/74332 and Turgenevka / 74332, 74336 were revealed, which were characterized by the maximum frost resistance of generative, vegetative buds, bark and wood.

THE INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF SWEET CHERRIES DURING THE THAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
G. Yu. Upadysheva
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Horticultural Research

Studies on the frost resistance of sweet cherries were carried out in 2019–2020 in the FSBSI of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in laboratory conditions by artificial freezing in the climate chamber TH-6 JEIO TECH-1000. Objects of research: Tyutchevka and Chermashnaya varieties grafted on 8 clonal rootstocks (Colt, Izmailovsky, AVCH-2, V-5-88, VC-13, Moskoviya, VSL-2, Stepnoy Rodnik). The aim of the research is to study the effect of clonal rootstocks on the frost resistance of cherry buds and tissues during the thaw and to identify the most frost-resistant scion-rootstock combinations for the 3rd component. It was found that after freezing at t = -20 °C during the thaw, the safety of flower buds in the Tyutchevka variety in both years of research was more than 80 %, and in the Chermashnaya variety — from 20 to 30 %, depending on the year. The limits of changes in the frost resistance of generative buds of varieties depending on the rootstock are shown: in the Tyutchevka variety — from 66.8 % (V-5-88) to 96.4 % (Izmailovsky), and in the Chermashnaya variety — from 7.7 % (V-5-88) to 65.5 % (AVCH-2). When using the AVCH-2 and Izmailovsky clonal rootstocks, the safety of flower buds increased by 30 % compared to the Colt rootstock. The most frost-resistant scion –rootstock combinations for each variety were identified: Tyutchevka/Izmailovsky and Tyutchevka/Stepnoy Rodnik, which preserved more than 90 % of the living rudiments; Chermashnaya/AVCH-2 (65.5 %) and Chermashnaya/Izmailovsky (40.1 %). Vegetative buds and tissues of annual branches were practically free of freezing in the studied varieties when grafted on the rootstocks of Stepnoy Rodnik and AVCH-2. In the Chermashnaya variety, damage of about 1 point of the phloem and vascular bundle under the buds was noted when grafting on rootstocks V-5-88 and Colt.

STUDY OF PINE STRAWBERRY FROST RESISTANCE BY ARTIFICIAL FREEZING METHOD

1970 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Z E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
M. I. Zubkova ◽  
D. A. Krivushina
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Main Components

The study of the frost resistance was carried out in 2017–2019 on the basis of the Laboratory of Physiology of Fruit Plant Resistance, Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding. Strawberry cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin (‘Kokinskaya Rannia’, ‘Rosinka’, ‘Solovushka’, ‘Tzaritza’, ‘Urozhaynaya TzGL’ – Russia; ‘Sara’ – Sweden; ‘Alba’, ‘Marmolada’ – Italy; ‘Korona’, ‘Sonata’ – Holland) were used as experimental material. The frosts resistance of strawberry varieties was studied in the laboratory conditions was used by artificial freezing. A model of strawberry plant selection was developed to determine the main components of winter hardiness. On the basis of preparation of plant samples for modeling of damaging factors of the winter period, storage conditions of experimental plants were developed. Plant hardening and modeling of damaging factors of the winter period were carried out with the additional modification for strawberries. As a result of the artificial freezing, the damage to the tissues of rhizome and apical buds of shoots of strawberry varieties of different ecological and geographical origin were evaluated in early winter period and during thaws in winter. It was determined that the decrease in the temperature to -15°C at the end of November did not cause irreversible damage to the strawberry varieties. The decrease in the temperature to -20°C in early December increased the damage to the studied strawberry varieties. During the winter it was determined that the strawberry response to the thaw increased by the end of the winter period. The decrease in frost resistance is primarily due to the resumption of growth processes under the influence of positive temperatures. As a result of determining the components of winter hardiness, the varieties Solovushaka, Tzaritza (Russia), Sara (Sweden) and Korona (Holland) showed the greatest potential of frost resistance.

STUDYING OF FROST RESISTANCE OF CHERRY VARIETIES IN SELECTION OF ALL-RUSSIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR FRUIT CROP BREEDING

1970 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelyeva ◽  
P. S. Prudnikov ◽  
I. N. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Russian Research

The studies were conducted on the basis of the laboratory physiology resistance of fruit plant at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in 2017-2018. The objects of research were cherry varieties by the Institute selection. The year of setting was 2015. The scheme of setting – 5×2 m. Inter-row spacing and zone near a tree trunk – weedfree fallow. The purpose of the research was to study some physiological and biochemical adaptation processes in the autumn-winter period and evaluated the frost resistance of cherry varieties by artificial freezing method. The dynamics of the fractional composition of water in the tissues of annual branches of cherry varieties was studied. At the same time, the maximum proportion of bond water to free water was found in the varieties Bystrinka, Livenskaia, Muza, Novella, Shokoladnitsa. During the autumn period, the increase of bound water and the decrease of free water depended on the accumulation of the amino acid proline in annual cherry branches. The high level of dependence of bound to free water ratio and the proline amount on the minimum air temperature in the autumn period was noticed in the cherry varieties, which were studied. At the beginning of winter, the average dependence between the degree of freezing of varieties and the amount of bound water in the tissues of annual cherry branches was established. The dependence of the accumulation of the amino acid proline on the effects of low-temperature stress in winter was revealed. The resistance to early winter frosts (t = -25°C) was marked in all studied cherry varieties. The maximum frost resistance was marked in Livenskaia, Novella, Orlitsa, Shokoladnitsa varieties at t = -35°C. As a result of artificial freezing, frost-resistant varieties of cherry Livenskaia, Novella and Shokoladnitsa, which showed the highest level of resistance of generative and vegetative buds, bark and wood substance to the damaging factors of winter, were identified.

CHOISE OF INITIAL FORMS FOR SELECTION OF PRUNUS CERASUS L. RESISTANT TO SPRING FROSTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Z.E. Ozherelieva ◽  
◽  
I.N. Efremоv ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Initial Forms ◽  
Selection Of

The presented article summarizes the results of studies of the resistance of sour cherry genotypes during 2018-2020 to spring frost. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of physiology of resistance of fruit plants of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crops Breeding. The research material is sour cherry genotypes of the Institute of breeding. The purpose of this research is to study the resistance of sour cherry genotypes of the RRIFCB breeding to spring frost by the method of artificial freezing and to isolate the initial forms of resistance for further breeding for a given trait. As a result of artificial freezing, a high resistance of flowers and buds to spring frost of -1.0°C was determined in the genotypes of Businka, Muza, Rovesnitsa, 84847 and 84854. After the action of a temperature of -2.0°C, a sufficiently high level of resistance of reproductive organs was established in the following sour cherry genotypes - Vereya, Kapelka, Muza, Novella, Podarock uchitelyam, Rovesnitsa, Turgenevka, Shokoladnitsa, 84735, 84847 and 84854. After the action of a temperature of -3.0°C, a highly resistant hybrid form 84847 was identified with the least number of dead flowers and buds - 12.0%. The resistant sour cherry genotypes were also noted (Businka, Shokoladnitsa, 84735 and 84854), in which flowers and buds were damaged in total not more than 50.0%. Based on the research results, the distribution of experimental sour cherry genotypes into groups of resistance to spring frosts was carried out. Using experimental data, a highly resistant sour cherry genotype 84847 was identified, which was recommended as the initial form of resistance of reproductive organs to spring frosts for further breeding for a given trait.

scholarly journals Characteristics of VNIISPK apple cultivars on semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
A. M. Galasheva ◽  
N. G. Krasova ◽  
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Crown Volume ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Crown Projection Area ◽  
And Control

Relevance. Due to the wide diversity of cultivars and rootstocks, the selection of more productive, commercial and adapted graft-rootstock combinations for industrial orchards in the Orel region and the entire Central Chernozem region is relevant.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out at the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) on the bases of the laboratory of cultivar study and cultivar agrotechnics of pome crops and the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance. Winter apple cultivars of VNIISPK breeding ‘Sinap Orlovsky’, ‘Veteran’, ‘Orlik’, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’, ‘Svezhest’, ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Veniaminovskoye’ and control cultivar ‘Antonovka Obyknovennaya’ on the vegetatively propagated semi-dwarf rootstock 54-118 were taken as objects of the studies. The orchard was planted in autumn 2013, the planting scheme was 6 mx3m.Results. The studied apple cultivars have good compatibility with 54-118 rootstock, provide good tree development and low-sized crown. The highest yield on average for three years was in scab-immune apple cultivars ‘Bolotovskoye’ (4.6 t/ha), ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ (3.4 t/ha) and ‘Venyaminovskoye’ (3.2 t/ha). The highest indicators for the load of the crop on the crown volume, crown projection area, and cross-sectional area of the stem were for ‘Svezhest’ and ‘Bolotovskoye’. As a result of determining the frost resistance of apple cultivars in mid-January to temperatures up to -38...-40°C, it was revealed that in the hardened state, the cultivars showed frost resistance of buds and tissues of annual shoots with reversible damage at -38°C in the middle of winter. A decrease in temperature to -40°C in January increased damage to buds and wood in the studied varieties, while the bark was characterized by greater frost resistance. According to the degree of damage to the cortex in January, when the temperature dropped to -40°C, ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’, ‘Svezhest’, and ‘Sinap Orlovsky’ were at the control level.

scholarly journals Study of frost resistance of cherry variety Turgenevka during on different rootstocks winter thaws

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Flower Primordia ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Root Stock ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Thaw Period

Relevance. The study of the resistance of garden cultures to unfavorable abiotic factors of the winter period is a priority direction of scientific studies, because the low winter hardiness can annul advantages the varieties on other signs. Concerning in the middle zone of Russia, studies on the resistance of cherry to frost during the thaw period remain relevant.Methods. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of physiology of fruit plant resistance at VNI-ISPKin2017-2018. The object of research was the Turgenevka cherry variety on new clonal root-stock of the Institute breeding were studied. Control - Turgenevka on the Rubin stock. For artificial freezing in early December the material was prepared for III and IV components of frost hardiness.Results. As a result of artificial freezing, the Turgenevka cherry variety was characterized by frost resistance of vegetative buds and tissues of annual shoots during a three-day winter thaw of + 2°C with a decrease in temperature of -25°C (III component of frost resistance). Inthiscase, thehighest frost resistance of the generative buds of the Turgenevka variety on rootstock 74340, 82987 is shown. After a three-day thaw of +2°C and repeated hardening with a subsequent decrease in temperature to -30°C in March (IV frost resistance component), the Turgenevka variety on the rootstock 74332, 74363, 82987 was characterized by frost resistance of vegetative buds, bark and wood of annualshoots. Moreover, in the studied scion-rootstock combinations, low frost resistance of the generative kidneys was revealed. Only in the studied variety on the rootstock 82987 was the largest percentage of living flower primordia revealed. The conducted studies revealed the Turgenevka variety in a rootstock of 82987 with the greatest potential for frost resistance during the winter thaws.

scholarly journals Low Temperature Tolerance of Apple Cultivars of Different Ploidy at Different Times of the Winter

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Ozherelieva ◽  
Evgeny Sedov
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Winter Buds

AbstractArtificial freezing was used to evaluate diploid and triploid apple cultivars from the All Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding at Orel throughout three winters. The studied apple varieties were developed by breeder E. N. Sedov and cytological analysis was carried out by cytologist G. A. Sedysheva. In early winter, all cultivars exhibited high tolerance to cold. In mid-winter buds and wood were severely damaged, while bark was more resistant for most cultivars. Basic components of hardiness were estimated: component I - frost resistance at -25 °C in the beginning of winter; component II - maximum value of frost resistance at -40 °C developed by plants during hardening; component III - ability to retain the hardened condition at -25 °C after a period of three-day thaw at +2 °C; and component IV - the ability to restore frost resistance at -30 °C after repeated hardening and three-day thaw at +2 °C. During late-winter thaws, buds suffered from frosts, while the bark and wood retained frost hardiness. Late in winter all cultivars demonstrated high resistance to repeated frosts. Triploid cultivars exhibited the highest level of cold hardiness of vegetative buds, bark and wood of annual shoots throughout the winter; these cultivars included ‘Zhilinskoye’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Osipovskoye’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Sinap Orlovski’, ‘Spasskoye’, ‘Turgenevskoye’, and diploids ‘Bolotovskoye’, ‘Sokovinka’, and ‘’Ranneye Aloye’.

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

scholarly journals Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria Selected from Water and Zebrafish after Antibiotic Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Almeida ◽  
Marta Tacão ◽  
Joana Soares ◽  
Inês Domingues ◽  
Isabel Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Significant Mortality

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens due to worldwide antibiotic use is raising concern in several settings, including aquaculture. In this work, the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was evaluated after exposure of zebrafish to oxytetracycline (OTC) for two months, followed by a recovery period. The selection of ARB in water and fish was determined using selective media. The abundance of tetA genes was estimated through qPCR. Higher prevalence of ARB was measured in all samples exposed to the antibiotic when compared to control samples, although statistical significance was only achieved five days after exposure. Isolates recovered from samples exposed to the antibiotic were affiliated with Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas. Various antibiotic susceptibility profiles were detected and 37% of the isolates displayed multidrug resistance (MDR). The selection of the tetA gene was confirmed by qPCR at the highest OTC concentration tested. Two MDR isolates, tested using zebrafish embryos, caused significant mortality, indicating a potential impact on fish health and survival. Overall, our work highlights the potential impact of antibiotic contamination in the selection of potential pathogenic ARB and ARGS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document