scholarly journals GROWING HEIFERS HEREFORD BREED SIBIRSKOY SELECTIONS. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
G. I. Ragimov ◽  
B. A. Rogachev
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Group 1

In comparative aspect growth and development, reproductive ability of heifers of Hereford breed at keeping in different rooms at different types of feeding are reflected. Heifers of two experimental groups (2nd and 3rd) in the stable period of maintenance in lightweight premises from birth to 18 months of age on a diet with 15–25 % concentrates, feed costs 2633,3 and 2611,5 K. units (3094,7 and 3019,0 EKE), digestible protein-295,2 and 293,5 kg. it was Revealed that by one and a half years of age, the live weight of heifers of 1–3 groups was 352,20±10,58; 373,70±13,28; 389,30±12,18 kg, which is provided by obtaining an average daily increase of 548–584 g against 475 g in the control group 1 (15,4 and 22,9 %). Economic maturity experienced heifers reached 17–18 months of age, which is 1.5–2 months before the heifers of the control group. In addition, the use of concentrates contributed to the formation of more pronounced meat forms in animals, which distinguish them from their peers of the control group in terms of indices of height, pelvis, downness, bony, broad-bodied. The study of the reproductive function of animals showed that the age of the established sexual cycle of heifers of the experimental groups came 21.4 and 20.6 days earlier than the peers of the control group. The age of fruitful insemination of heifers of the experimental groups is 23.7–40.0 days more than that of the control group peers.

scholarly journals THE INTENSITY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF QUAILS WHEN USING A NANOSTRUCTURED PREPARATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
G.B. Bozova ◽  
◽  
A.I. Girfanov ◽  
O.I. Naumova ◽  
A.S. Istomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Complex Preparation ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Group 1

The article is devoted to the study of the intensity of growth and development of quails us-ing a nanostructured preparation. The object of the study was the Texas white quail (n = 45), at the age of 10 days, which were divided into 1 control and 4 experimental groups. Birds from the exper-imental groups were given a complex preparation in various doses and forms to the main diet, con-sisting of compound feed DK-52. It was found that birds are intensively gaining live weight in the first 28 days of feeding. The average daily gains in live weight increased in quails from group 1 by 8.3 %, group 2 – 12.9 %, group 3 – 3.8 % and group 4 – 24.9 % compared with birds of the control group. Starting from the 35th day, there is a decrease in the average daily gain. The best results for both 28 and 56 days were shown by quails in group 4, which received a complex preparation at a dose of 1 % of the diet weight.

USING THE KAZAKH WHITE-HEADED BREED TO INCREASE BEEF IN THE FLAT PROVINCE OF DAGESTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.М. САДЫКОВ ◽  
М.П. АЛИХАНОВ ◽  
А.Г. СИМОНОВ ◽  
Г.А. СИМОНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Breeding Stock ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Group

Изучены рост и развитие бычков — помесей красной степной с казахской белоголовой породой в равнинной провинции Дагестана. Установлено, что помесный молодняк, по сравнению с чистопородным скотом красной степной породы, имеет более высокую живую массу при рождении на 1,8 кг, или 7,3%. При отъеме в 8-месячном возрасте помеси имели живую массу 210 кг против 187,6 кг у красного степного молодняка, что на 22,4 кг, или 11,9% выше. В 12-, 15- и 18-месячном возрасте живая масса помесных бычков равнялась 291,8 кг, 359,7 и 436,6 кг, соответственно, или на 28 кг, 36 и 45,8 кг больше по сравнению с красным степным скотом. Среднесуточные приросты помесных бычков за период выращивания и откорма составили 760 г, что выше на 12,1% по сравнению с чистопородным красным степным молодняком. После заключительного откорма и убоя помесные бычки дали тяжеловесные туши с хорошим поливом. По массе парной туши они превосходили чистопородных аналогов на 31,3 кг, или 15,6% с преимуществом выхода туши на 2,4%. Убойный выход у бычков опытной группы составил 58,7%, контрольной — 55,8%. От помесных бычков были получены тяжеловесные шкуры массой 27,1 кг, от чистопородных — 21,6 кг, преимущество по этому показателю имели помесные животные 5,5 кг, или 25,4%. Для увеличения производства говядины в равнинной провинции Дагестана рекомендуем скрещивание коров красной степной породы с быками казахской белоголовой породы. The growth and development of bulls of red steppe crossbreeds with the Kazakh white-headed breed in the flat province of Dagestan were studied. It was found that young crossbreed animals in comparison with purebred red steppe cattle have a higher live weight at birth by 1,8 kg or 7,3%. When weaning at 8 months of age, cross-bred bulls had a live weight of 210 kg against 187,6 kg in red steppe young, which is 22,4 kg, or 11,9% higher. At 12, 15 and 18 months of age, the live weight of crossbred bulls was 291,8 kg, 359,7 and 436,6 kg, respectively, or 28 kg, 36 and 45,8 kg more than the red steppe cattle. The average daily growth of cross-bred bulls during the growing and fattening period was 760 g compared to 678 g, that is, they were 12,1% higher compared to purebred red steppe young. After the final fattening and slaughter, the cross-bred bulls gave heavy carcasses with good watering. By weight of the paired carcass, they were superior to purebred counterparts by 31,3 kg or 15,6% with an advantage of 2,4% carcass yield. The slaughter yield of bulls in the experimental group was 58,7%, 55,8% in the control group, respectively, with an advantage in favor of crossbreeds of 2,9%. Heavy skins weighing 27,1 kg were obtained from crossbreed bulls, 21,6 kg from purebred ones, and crossbreed animals of 5,5 kg or 25,4% had an advantage in this indicator. Studies have shown that in order to increase beef production in the lowland province of Dagestan, it is necessary to use crossbreeding of the breeding stock of the red steppe breed with bulls of the Kazakh white-headed breed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SOME PARATIPICAL FACTORS ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF DAIRY COWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
G. S. Sharapa ◽  
O. V. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Service Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Scientific and production experiments were carried out on cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White diary breed (UBAWD) of SE "Seagull" (branch "Lisne") during 2016–2017. The anatomical and physiological state of genital organs of cows was determined by the method of clinical and gynecological research of animals before conducting experiments and during them every 40–50 days. In total 486 cows were kept under control, which were kept in typical rooms with running platforms, but the active motivation of animals was clearly insufficient. Feeding cows according to the recommended standards. The milk yield from the cow in 2017 was 7813 kg. The experiments studied the effect of feeding cows during the dry period, the conditions of retention and some other paratypic factors on the course of the genera and the postnatal period, the duration of the service period and the fertility of cows. In analyzing the research results, personal records and veterinary documentation were used. In conducting experiments, it was found that normal calving was in 89% of cows, and severe and pathological – in 11% of cases. The main diseases in the afterlife period were: detention of the litter – 9.5%, postpartum endometritis – 21.5%, hypofunction of the ovaries – 23.0%, persistent yellow ovarian bodies – 25.6% and others. Normal intervals between stages of excitation of the sexual cycle (18–22 days) were in 63% of cows, and violations of the rhythm of sexual cycle, associated with dysfunction of the ovaries and missed the hunt – 30% of animals. Subunvulation of the genital organs of the cows contributed to the diseases of the limbs, udder and digestive disorders. During 2016–2017, the effect of feeding cows (173 g.) in the dry period on the course of calving, post-autumn period and their fertility was studied. Under the same conditions, keeping cows in the maternity ward and feeding rough and succulent feeds concentrated feeds fed cows of the control group (98 heads) to 1–2 kg daily during the dry period, and experimental (75 heads) – for 18–20 days to calving 2–3 kg. A positive difference was found in favor of cows of the experimental group: there was a more active stage of expulsion of the fetus, less delay of the placenta (by 7%) and endometritis (by 12%), the duration of the postoperative regenerative period decreased by 8.6 days; service period – 19.0 days; fertility from two inseminans was higher by 5.7%. Study of the reproductive capacity of cows at the hotel in different seasons showed that the recovery period was shorter by 11 days in the presence of cows in 3–4 quarters, and the service period – by 23.2 days at hotel in I and IV sq. The average duration of the recovery period was 79.5 days, while the service period was 123.4 days. The longest duration of the joint ventricle was in cows at hotel during the hot summer days of the year. The average fertilization rate from the first insemination of 339 cows was 44.9% with fluctuations in individual groups of milkers from 26.8% to 55.0%. The following indicators were in the number 1 and number 3 (respectively 26.8% and 31.4%). The best fertility rates were in groups № 4, 6 and 7, where there were more cows of the second and third lactation, and the responsible attitude of the milkers to work in organizing cows walks and sexually explicit hunting. When comparing the assessment of the duration of the IP and SP in full-age cows and cows, the first-born, taking into account 225 goals. It was found that these indicators were longer in primitive cows – 20.7 days respectively and 21.9 days in relation to full-age cows. The obtained results are completely consistent with the results obtained by a number of both domestic and foreign researchers. More attention is needed to grow heifers and to prepare newborns for delivery. In 15–17% of cows at and after the hotel, gynecological diseases that occurred in the presence of gastrointestinal diseases, lameness, mastitis and others were diagnosed. This has negatively affected the overall performance of the herd. In studying the duration of HP and SP in healthy and sick cows after calving, it was found that if the SP in healthy cows lasts 73.4 days, then in patients – 116.3 days (the difference was 42.9 days), and the difference in the duration of the joint venture reached 98.7 days. On the basis of the results of the research, it can be concluded that the reproductive function of the cows is influenced by such paratypic factors as feeding animals in the dry period, the temperature factor (time of year), the human factor (the effect of milking on a group of cows), age and physiological state of cows in the hotel and in the afterlife period. When feeding 2–3 kg of bovine feed for cows, together with rough and juicy fodder for 18–20 days prior to calving, the recovery period decreased by 8.6 days and service period – by 19 days, and fertility from two inseminals increased by 5.7%, reaching 85.3%. The smallest duration of the service-period was in the presence of cows in the I and IV quarters year (107.7–117.1 days). In primary cows, the recovery period was longer than that of full-age cows by 20.7 days, and the service period was 21.9 days. In the physiologically healthy cows after calving, the recovery period lasted an average of 73.4 days and service period – 98.7 days, and in patients, after the prescribed treatment – respectively 116.3 days and 197.4 days.

scholarly journals Influence of cord blood serum and actovegin on the reproductive function of cows in the comparative aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
Irina Bondarenko ◽  
Andrey Lazorenko ◽  
Oksana Shkromada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Cord Blood Serum ◽  
Comparative Aspect

The results of the study of the effect of cord blood serum and “Actovegin” (Takeda, Ukraine) on the reproductive function of cows in a comparative aspect are presented. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of cord blood serum and Actovegin on the reproductive function of uterine cows in a comparative aspect. Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2017-2020 in four dairy farms of Sumy region with tethered and untied maintenance. In 128 cows of different breeds and productivity, the timing of sexual cycling was studied and analyzed in comparison with the spontaneous sexual cycle with the use of cord blood serum and the drug "Actovegin" (Takeda, Ukraine). Results. It was found that in cows with tethered content, the number of days from the introduction of 15 ml of cord blood serum to the manifestation of the excitation stage was significantly less compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire (5.63±0.36 and 14.38±2.1, respectively). When cows with loose content were administered 10 ml of cord blood serum in combination with the drug "Actovegin", the number of days before the manifestation of sexual cycling was lower by 18.3 % compared with the rate of spontaneous sexual desire (4.31±0.38 and 18.25±1.89, respectively). Conclusions. As a result of using 10 ml of cord blood serum in combination with the drug "Actovegin", in cows of different productivity and under different housing conditions, the number of days before the onset of the stage of arousal is significantly reduced compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire. Cows of different productivity and with different housing conditions come to the sexual desire significantly faster with the use of 15 ml of cord blood serum compared to the spontaneous manifestation of sexual desire.

scholarly journals Productivety of swine fed on poliacrylamide, mineral and vitamin additives

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
P. Kuzmenko ◽  
V. Fesenko ◽  
V. Bilkevych ◽  
P. Karkach ◽  
Yu. Mashkin
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Standard Compound ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Feeding Effect ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Experimental Group

The feeding effect of polyacrylamide (PA), mineral and vitamin additives (MVA) on the reproductive and productive qualities of sows, as well as the development and viability of piglets gained from them has been studied. The polyacrylamide, mineral and vitamin additives have been added to the sow diet of the 2nd and 3rd experemental groups. It has been done according to the animal need in minerals and vitamins. In proportion of 0,5/1 kg of live weight, the mineral and vitamin aditives, polyacrylamide have been added to the ration of sows from the 2nd experimental group. The mineral and vitamin aditives have been added to the ration of the 3rd group in such proportion: iron sulfate – 200, copper carbonate – 15, zinc – 84, cobalt – 3, manganese chloride – 69, potassium iodide (stabilized) – 170 mcg, vitamins A – 2.8 th. IO, D – 736 IO, B1 – 1.4 mg; B2 – 8.4 micrograms per head per day. The mineral and vitamin additives, polyacrylamide have been added to the sow diet of the 4th experimental group in the same proportion as it has been already mentioned above. The sows fed on PA and MVA for 60 days. The feeding was stopped 10 days before farrowing. The experiment on piglets has been carried out in 2 stages. The equalization period was 25 days (the ration of piglets from the control and experimental group was the same). The main period was 150 days (the control group of animals fed on standard compound fodder). The experimental group fed on additional PA and MVA. It has been noticed when the additives are added to the sow diet the gained piglets have an increase of viability, immun response (due to gamma globulins increase in blood proteins) and the average live weight by 23.3% during the rising period. Key words: sows, piglets, polyacrylamide, mineral elements, vitamins, live weight, albumin, globulins, rearing, fattening, feed costs, slaughter yield.

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENTY OF CATTLE BREEDING

10.12737/7744 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Самоделкин ◽  
Aleksandr Samodelkin ◽  
Еремин ◽  
Sergey Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Newborn Calves

There was studied the distribution of postpartum pathology of cows and disease of calves in early postnatal period in conditions of Nizhny Novgorod region. It was established, that the new tissue drug "bio-tec" has positive influence on reproductive function, safety and live weight gain of calves. The postpartum pathology of cows gained wide spread among nizhnynovgorod farms up to 80%, e.g. Endometritis and subinvolution of uterus 37,4 and 23,9 respectively. By clinical examination of newborn calves it was established, that in the first month of life 50,3% fall ill with gastrointestinal diseases of various etiologies. The die-off of calves reached 29%. Using "bio-tec" drug to dry cows decreased the percentage of postpartum pathology by 35% and reduced the time of involution of uterus for 11,2 days; the service period reduced by 21,2 days and the diseases of newborn calves was twice less, that increased the energy of growth and in 16 month age heifers went over animals of the control group by 10%, that allowed their earlier use for reproduction. So, the results of conducted research showed, that twice a day injection of tissue drug "bio-tec" to dry cows in 10ml dose 60-55 and 40-35 days to calving contributes reducing of obstetric pathology. Subsequent use to calves in 4ml dose in 5-8 days age increases the safety of calves and positively influences the live weight gain, that in fact gives abilities of more effective cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Rearing gilts breeding with the introduction of “Elevit” feed additive into their diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
G.S. Pokhodnya ◽  
Yu.P. Breslavets ◽  
V.M. Breslavets ◽  
A.V. Kosov ◽  
N.V. Perevozchikov
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heart Mass

Our studies have shown that additional introduction of feed additive “Elevit” into the rearing gilts’ diet at a dosage of 1.0; 1.5; 2.0% during their breeding from 4 to 8 months allows to increase the gilts’ live weight by 3.9; 7.0; 9.5%, respectively, with average daily gains also increasing in comparison to the control group by 6.4; 11.6; 15.7%. Also, when reaching 8 months, gilts of experimental groups exceeded their peers from the control group in heart mass by 3.2; 4.1; 6.3%; lungs - by 3.7; 4.0; 4.2%; liver - by 5.1; 5.8; 6.2%, respectively. When rearing gilts reached the age of 8 months, a study of their reproductive function was carried out. So, we have established that gilts receiving “Elevit” feed additive together with the diet at a dosage of 1.0; 1.5; 2.0% exceeded their peers from the control group in fertilization indicator by 4.5; 5.4; 5.4%, and multifertility - by 4.3; 6.2; 7.5% respectively. The increase in these indicators led to an increase in the total number of experimental piglets received from rearing sows by 36, 3; 47.1; 48.7% compared to control.

scholarly journals HIGHLY CONCENTRATED ENERGY SOURCE FOR BROILERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Anatoly Gaganov ◽  
Zinaida Zverkova ◽  
Bella Osipyan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Rapeseed Cultivar ◽  
Feed Costs

Studies were conducted on the use of oil obtained from rapeseed cultivar 'Podmoskovnyj' selection of Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology in feeding broiler chickens. The experiments were carried out on chickens cross-country "ROSS-308". They were grown in a cell battery. For the experiment, 5 groups were formed. In the start and finish periods, the control group received 2.5 and 3.3% sunflower oil. In the experimental groups, sunflower oil was replaced with rapeseed in the following amounts: the first — 1.0 and 1.0%, the second — 1.5 and 1.7%, the third — 2.0 and 2.5% and the fourth — 2.5 and 3.3%. Feeding was carried out with dry loose feed from a day old. Studies have found that rapeseed oil had less saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but more unsaturated fatty acids. The amount of erucic acid was 0.20%. The digestibility of nutrients was high and practically did not differ from the control variant, as was the use of nitrogen. The inclusion of rapeseed oil in the composition of feed for broilers did not have a significant impact on the increase in live weight and feed costs. The cost of feed with increasing rapeseed oil in their composition decreased, and the efficiency of converting feed into products increased slightly. Compound feeds with rapeseed oil were not inferior in terms of the efficiency of using compound feed containing sunflower oil.

scholarly journals Estimation of the efficiency of suturing the uterine cavity in patients under organ-preserving surgeries during placental insurance in the aspect of analysis of reproductive function in the postpartum period

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Berg ◽  
A. G. Yashchuk ◽  
I. I. Musin ◽  
Yu. N. Fatkullina
Keyword(s):  
Linear Method ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Previous Cesarean ◽  
Group 1

Aim: to study the reproductive function of patients who underwent organ-preserving delivery using a modified method of suturing the uterine cavity with ingrowth of the placenta.Materials and methods. The studied groups were comparable. The ultrasound assessment of the size of the uterus when comparing subgroups A and B, showed a significantly less severity of postoperative changes in the uterine cavity and the shape of the uterus. Retrospectively analyzed 77 cases of planned delivery of patients in 2018–2020. Group 1 (control) – 32 patients with a scar on the uterus after a previous cesarean section and group 2 (main) – 45 patients with a diagnosis of placental ingrowth which was divided into 2 subgroups – 2A (n = 23) where a modified method of suturing the uterine cavity was used, and subgroup 2B (n = 22) where a linear method was used.Results. The studied groups were comparable. After 6 months, we check the changes in the size of the uterus was revealed in comparison with the control group, statistical differences were observed in the 2A subgroup compared to the control (p < 0,05 in width and length of the uterus) and in subgroup 2B (also p < 0.05 for all indicators). The study of intrauterine blood flow did not reveal significant differences between the compared groups (p > 0.1), and ultrasound assessment of the size of the uterus when comparing subgroups A and B, showed a significantly less severity of postoperative changes in the uterine cavity and the shape of the uterus.Conclusion. Evaluation of a new method of suturing the uterine cavity in patients with placental ingrowth has shown significant efficiency in maintaining the anatomically most natural shape of the uterus and uterine cavity. Despite the results obtained, the problem of restoring the reproductive function of women who underwent organ-preserving delivery remains relevant and requires further study.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Using Clinoptilolite in Calves Feeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Alyona Anatolyevna Zelenchenkova ◽  
Roman Vladimirovich Nekrasov ◽  
Magomed Gazievich Chabaev ◽  
Konstantin Sergeevich Ostrenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Experimental Group

The use of clinoptilolite is an effective means of increasing the gain and live weight of calves. The application does not cause difficulties in the methods of introducing the additive to calves. Natural clinoptilolites of various deposits are presented in a wide range on the feed additives market. Aims: The objective of the work was to study the effectiveness of natural mineral clinoptilolite on physiological and zootechnical indicators of growth and development of calves. Methodology: The study was carried out on 39 clinically healthy Holsteinized black-and-white calves selected at random, 13 animals per group. For 85 days, the calves of the experimental group received a basic diet enriched with natural mineral clinoptilolite to increase the efficiency of growth and development at a dosage of 25-50 and 50-100 g / head / day. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at the end of the supplement feeding (n = 5) for physiological, biochemical and immunological studies. Results: In the course of the study, it was found that in the experimental groups there were higher gains in live weight by 7.3 and 4.7% in comparison the control, and low feed costs per 1 kg of gain. Feeding clinoptilolite promoted an increase in the concentration of Ca in the blood of calves of the dairy period by 14.2% (p <0.05), an increase in phagocytic activity by 4.87 (p <0.05), the phagocytic number was higher by 0.20 (p < 0.05) units. Conclusion: The totality of the information presented confirms the physiological adequacy for calves to the introduction of natural mineral clinoptilolite in the indicated dosages.

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