“Intelligent machines” – in the eyes of the lawyer P.M. Morkhat. Artificial intelligence: a legal perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Sergey Bratanovski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Legal Perspective

AI Narratives

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imaginative Thinking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This book is the first to examine the history of imaginative thinking about intelligent machines. As real artificial intelligence (AI) begins to touch on all aspects of our lives, this long narrative history shapes how the technology is developed, deployed, and regulated. It is therefore a crucial social and ethical issue. Part I of this book provides a historical overview from ancient Greece to the start of modernity. These chapters explore the revealing prehistory of key concerns of contemporary AI discourse, from the nature of mind and creativity to issues of power and rights, from the tension between fascination and ambivalence to investigations into artificial voices and technophobia. Part II focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in which a greater density of narratives emerged alongside rapid developments in AI technology. These chapters reveal not only how AI narratives have consistently been entangled with the emergence of real robotics and AI, but also how they offer a rich source of insight into how we might live with these revolutionary machines. Through their close textual engagements, these chapters explore the relationship between imaginative narratives and contemporary debates about AI’s social, ethical, and philosophical consequences, including questions of dehumanization, automation, anthropomorphization, cybernetics, cyberpunk, immortality, slavery, and governance. The contributions, from leading humanities and social science scholars, show that narratives about AI offer a crucial epistemic site for exploring contemporary debates about these powerful new technologies.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Its Associated Ethical Issues

ICR Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-126
Author(s):  
Shahino Mah Abdulllah
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Normal Shift

The adoption of AI in many industries has been regarded by some as a threat to low- and middle-skill workers, as it will drastically cut down reliance on the human workforce. Besides unemployment, there are also concerns about rising economic inequality caused by AI-driven companies. With fewer employees, these companies could gain a disproportionate advantage over conventional companies that still depend on normal, shift-based systems. There is also the issue that some AI bots have achieved the capability to interact with humans and build relationships through conversations. This influential communication could eventually enable these bots to affect human behaviour and possibly trigger certain actions. Significantly, therefore, such intelligent machines are not immune to mistakes and confusion since not all possible examples of real world interaction are covered during their training; this weakness could be manipulated to fulfil certain ends. Also, Al cannot be expected to be entirely fair and neutral, since it is dependent on human programmers, who have their own interests and whims.

scholarly journals El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Raquel Borges Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The One

Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their programmers are. Furthermore, we are facing a new problem: the difficulty to understand the algorithm of those who apply the law.This situation forces us to rethink the criminal process, including artificial intelligence and spinning very thinly indicating how, when, why and under what assumptions we can make use of artificial intelligence and, above all, who is going to program it. At the end of the day, as Silvia Barona indicates, perhaps the question should be: who is going to control global legal thinking?

Artificial intelligence and human rights: a comprehensive study from Indian legal and policy perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheshadri Chatterjee ◽  
Sreenivasulu N.S.
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rights Issues ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the human rights issue. This study has also examined issues with AI for business and its civil and criminal liability. This study has provided inputs to the policymakers and government authorities to overcome different challenges. Design/methodology/approach This study has analysed different international and Indian laws on human rights issues and the impacts of these laws to protect the human rights of the individual, which could be under threat due to the advancement of AI technology. This study has used descriptive doctrinal legal research methods to examine and understand the insights of existing laws and regulations in India to protect human rights and how these laws could be further developed to protect human rights under the Indian jurisprudence, which is under threat due to rapid advancement of AI-related technology. Findings The study provides a comprehensive insight on the influence of AI on human rights issues and the existing laws in India. The study also shows different policy initiatives by the Government of India to regulate AI. Research limitations/implications The study highlights some of the key policy recommendations helpful to regulate AI. Moreover, this study provides inputs to the regulatory authorities and legal fraternity to draft a much-needed comprehensive policy to regulate AI in the context of the protection of human rights of the citizens. Originality/value AI is constantly posing entangled challenges to human rights. There is no comprehensive study, which investigated the emergence of AI and its influence on human rights issues, especially from the Indian legal perspective. So there is a research gap. This study provides a unique insight of the emergence of AI applications and its influence on human rights issues and provides inputs to the policymaker to help them to draft an effective regulation on AI to protect the human rights of Indian citizens. Thus, this study is considered a unique study that adds value towards the overall literature.

A Behavioral Economics Approach to Digitalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Dirk Beerbaum ◽  
Julia Margarete Puaschunder
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Business Reporting ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Coding Rules

Technological improvement in the age of information has increased the possibilities to control the innocent social media users or penalize private investors and reap the benefits of their existence in hidden persuasion and discrimination. This chapter takes as a case the transparency technology XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), which should make data more accessible as well as usable for private investors. Considering theoretical literature and field research, a representation issue for principles-based accounting taxonomies exists, which intelligent machines applying artificial intelligence (AI) nudge to facilitate decision usefulness. This chapter conceptualizes ethical questions arising from the taxonomy engineering based on machine learning systems and advocates for a democratization of information, education, and transparency about nudges and coding rules.

Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Steven Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Research

Artificial intelligence is the science of creating intelligent machines. Human intelligence is comprised of numerous pieces of knowledge as well as processes for utilizing this knowledge to solve problems. Artificial intelligence seeks to emulate and surpass human intelligence in problem solving. Current research tends to be focused within narrow, well-defined domains, but new research is looking to expand this to create global intelligence. This chapter seeks to define the various fields that comprise artificial intelligence and look at the history of AI and suggest future research directions.

Looking under the rug

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-302
Author(s):  
Christopher Lueg
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Context Awareness ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Desktop Computers ◽  
Oriented Research

Technological progress allows for the development of “intelligent” gadgets that are much smaller and more powerful than the bulky desktop computers that were around just a few years ago. Technology-oriented research communities understand these gadgets as enablers of scenarios that were widely considered science fiction just a few years ago: the expectation is that embedded and invisible technology calms our lives by removing the annoyances. Everyday life, however, is shaped by what people do, how they do it, and how they perceive what they are doing. The idea is that technology becomes context-aware in order to suit everyday life. So far, however, artifacts do not exhibit context-awareness beyond trivial notions of context. The question I address in this paper is to what extent artifacts can reasonably by expected to become context-aware. My impression is that the very idea of context-aware artifacts is closely related to much older ideas about intelligent machines pursued (with limited success) in the realm of classical artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Uncontrolled mutation of super-intelligent machines may lead to the destruction of humanity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deep Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sanjeevan Singha Roy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Theoretical Computer ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Singularity

<p>If in future, the highly intelligent machines control the world, then what would be its advantages and disadvantages? Will, those artificial intelligence powered superintelligent machines become an anathema for humanity or will they ease out the human works by guiding humans in complicated tasks, thereby extending a helping hand to the human works making them comfortable. Recent studies in theoretical computer science especially artificial intelligence predicted something called ‘technological singularity’ or the ‘intelligent explosion’ and if this happens then there can be a further stage as transfused machinery intelligence and actual intelligence where the machines being immensely powerful with a cognitive capacity more than that of humans for solving ‘immensely complicated tasks’ can takeover the humans and even the machines by more intelligent machines of superhuman intelligence. Therefore, it is troublesome and worry-full to think that ‘if in case the machines turned out against humans for their optimal domination in this planet’. Can humans have any chances to avoid them by bypassing the inevitable ‘hard singularity’ through a set of ‘soft singularity’. This paper discusses all the facts in details along with significant calculations showing humanity, how to avoid the hard singularity when the progress of intelligence is inevitable. </p>

scholarly journals Inteligencia y derechos humanos en la sociedad digital | Intelligence and Human Rights in Digital Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Jesús Ignacio Martínez García
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Different Types

Resumen: Se efectúa una aproximación a los derechos humanos desde la perspectiva de la inteligencia en sus distintas facetas, especialmente desde la inteligencia artificial pero también desde la inteligencia institucional y la emocional. Aparecen como derechos inteligentes, que desarrollan la inteligencia de los individuos y hacen a las sociedades más inteligentes. Se presenta su dimensión cognitiva y su capacidada para cuestionar programas. Son instancias críticas que preservan la dignidad de los seres humanos en su compleja interacción con las máquinas inteligentes y estimulan un pensamiento no mecánico. Absrtact: This article aims to give an approach to the human rights from the point of view of intelligence in their different types, especially from artificial intelligence, but also from institutional and emotional intelligence. They appear as smart rights that develop the intelligence of the individuals and make societies more intelligent. Their cognitive dimension is shown, as well as their capacity to question programs. They are critical instances that preserve the human dignity in their complex interaction with intelligent machines and stimulate a not-mechanical thinking.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of the development and application of artificial intelligence in military sector of the Russian Federation in the context of the government strategy and ensuring the protection of intellectual property rights

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdurakhmanovna Akhmadova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The subject of this research is the examination of legal perspective on the approaches towards regulation of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies in military sector of the Russian Federation, including in ensuring the protection of the results of intellectual activity of researchers and developers, as well as the analysis of law enforcement practice on the protection of intellectual property in the interests of the state. In this format, the author determines the key conditions for recognition of the results of intellectual activity of military, special, and dual purpose as protectable object in accordance with the effective civil legislation. Attention is given to the practical results of domestic military equipment development using the artificial intelligence systems. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem and approaches towards its research. The conclusion is made wide use of artificial intelligence technologies in the sphere of ensuring national security, as well as regulation based on the technical approach, rather than legal, not only create advantages in the military context, but can also cause issues that must be resolved. Taking into account real achievements in legal regulation of the results of intellectual activity, including the theoretical component, the author ascertains the need for improvement of the legislative framework on both, federal level and bylaws, including for the purpose of achieving a uniform use of the conceptual-categorical apparatus.

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