scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN GENERATOR DUAL FUEL DIESEL ELECTRIC (DFDE) 12V50DF SUDDEN TRIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-636
Author(s):  
Markus Yando ◽  
Amiruddin Amiruddin ◽  
Bambang Wahyudi ◽  
Ryan Pengestu N
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Government

In the 20th century, the growth of marine transportation has grown rapidly in line with technological advances. Given that the marine transportation sector is one of the pollutants that exist today, the use of energy sources with better thermal efficiency and combustion that does not have a negative impact on the environment is needed in the modern era. In accordance with the regulations stipulated by IMO in the Marine Polution (Marpol) Annex VI Regulation 14 which regulates the prohibition of ships from using fuels with sulfur content higher than 0.5%. The need for alternative fuels in the shipping industry is an important thought to support the efficiency of the shipping industry. Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) is currently being developed by the government as a fuel for vehicles and environmentally friendly industries. In addition to its availability, natural gas is also considered effective for combustion. Methane / LNG gas is one of the most dominant alternative fuels at this time. This fuel can also save company expenses, namely reducing the cost of providing fuel for energy needs as a source of propulsion on board the ship. For the above, ships, especially LNG carriers, have used a lot of diesel engines to propel their ships using LNG fuel with the concept of the engine being Two Fuel Diesel Electric (DFDE) where the engine can use Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) and LNG. The DFDE engine drives the Generator and the Generator generates electricity to drive the Electric Motor and the Electric motor moves the propeller shaft, this DFDE engine in the future will replace conventional diesel engines because it is more cost efficient, but requires Engineers who understand DFDE engine technology.

Risk-Based Technology Method for the Safety Assessment of Marine Compressed Natural Gas Fuel Systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 193-207
Author(s):  
Robb Wilcox ◽  
Mark Burrows ◽  
Sujit Ghosh ◽  
Bilal M. Ayyub
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
System Safety ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Marine Application ◽  
Marine Vessels

The introduction of alternative fuels (other than diesel oil or gasoline) for some commercially operated marine vessels presents a problem to marine regulators and designers since accepted standards and U.S. Coast Guard policy have not been established. Establishing safe design criteria is a common problem with the introduction of new technologies, novel concepts, and complex systems. In order to determine design safety for novel marine concepts such as compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel, a formal system safety approach may be used. Risk-based technologies (RBT) provide techniques to facilitate the proactive evaluation of system safety through risk assessment, risk control, risk management, and risk communication. The proposed outfitting of a CNG fuel system on the Kings Pointer training vessel is discussed as a specific marine application of CNG fuel and an appropriate situation for applying system safety techniques.

Optimum Combustion Chamber Geometry for a Compression Ignition Engine Retrofitted to Run Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 552-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrul Azmir Osman ◽  
Ahmad Jais Alimin ◽  
V.S. Liong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
The Impact

The use of natural gas as an alternative fuels are motivated from the impact in deteriorating quality of air and the energy shortage from petroleum products. Through retrofitting, CI engine runs on CNG, will be able to reduce the negative impact mainly on the use of petroleum products. However, this required the modification of the combustion chamber geometry by reducing the compression ratio to value that suits combustion of CNG. In this present studies, four different shapes and geometries of combustion chamber were designed and simulate using CFD package powered by Ansys workbench, where k-ε turbulence model was used to predict the flow in the combustion chamber. The results of turbulence kinetic energy, velocity vectors and streamline are presented. The enhancement of air-fuel mixing inside the engine cylinder can be observed, where the design with re-entrance and lower center projection provide better results compared to other combustion geometries designs.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN GADGET DALAM MEMAKSIMALKAN PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Nur Afni Khafsoh
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Government Program ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Many

Abstract: The use of gadgets in children has a positive and negative impact. The positive impact of using gadgets among others can help learn the child and can provide information about the broad knowledge and easy way to access it. While the negative impact is decreased socialization with others, addictive effects, resulting in decreased visual function and others. However, from all the shortcomings, it would be good impact the use of this gadget can make a breakthrough for the government in running the program. As is known, public service is one of the programs provided by the government in the development process, often the government program is not running properly due to the many inhibiting factors, such as access that is difficult for the public to get information, the mainset of the government that is still traditional to the public indifference in the government program . This has become a challenge for the government to create a breakthrough in government policy. As with using gadgets in the process of program socialization or program implementation. At the same time invite the community to participate actively in the development process, especially pembangunnan village potential to be developed. However, it is not easy to use technological advances in the implementation of government programs. The obstacles faced are infrastructure preparation and human resource capability. So that community participation in the development process can increase and society can be the subject in the nation's progress. Keywords: Gadget, Community Service, Technology Utilization Abstrak: Penggunaan gadget pada anak memiliki dampak positif dan negatif. Dampak positif dari penggunaan gadget yaitu dapat membantu belajar anak, dapat memberikan informasi tentang ilmu pengetahuan yang luas dan mudah mengaksesnya. Sedangkan dampak negatifnya yaitu menurunnya sosialisasi dengan orang lain, memberikan efek kecanduan, mengakibatkan menurunnya fungsi penglihatan dan lain-lain. Namun, dari segala kekurangan tersebut, alangkah baiknya dampak penggunaan gadget ini dapat menjadikan terobosan bagi pemerintah dalam menjalankan programnya. Seperti diketahui, pelayanan masyarakat menjadi salah satu program yang disediakan pemerintah dalam proses pembangunan, seringkali program pemerintah tidak berjalan sesuai mestinya dikarenakan banyaknya faktor penghambat, seperti akses yang sulit dimiliki masyarakat untuk mendapat informasi, mainset oknum pemerintah yang masih tradisional hingga ketidakpedulian masyarakat dalam program pemerintah. Hal ini menjadi sebuah tantangan bagi pemerintah untuk menciptakan terobosan dalam kebijakan pemerintah. Seperti dengan menggunakan gadget dalam proses sosialisasi program ataupun pelaksanaan program. Sekaligus mengajak masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam proses pembangunan, terutama pembangunnan desa yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Namun, tidak mudah menggunakan kemajuan teknologi dalam pelaksanaan program pemerintah. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah persiapan infrastruktur dan kemampuan sumber daya manusia. Tentunya hal ini dapat meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan. Kata kunci: Gadget, Pelayanan Masyarakat, Pemanfaatan Teknologi

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CNG IN A FUEL DOSE ON THE COMBUSTION PROCESS OF A COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINE

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Mikulski ◽  
Sławomir Wierzbicki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Main Component

Currently, one of the major trends in the research of contemporary combustion engines involves the potential use of alternative fuels. Considerable attention has been devoted to methane, which is the main component of Natural Gas (NG) and can also be obtained by purification of biogas. In compression-ignition engines fired with methane or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), it is necessary to apply a dual-fuel feeding system. This paper presents the effect of the proportion of CNG in a fuel dose on the process of combustion. The recorded time series of pressure in a combustion chamber was used to determine the repeatability of the combustion process and the change of fuel compression-ignition delay in the combustion chamber. It has been showed that NG does not burn completely in a dual-fuel engine. The best conditions for combustion are ensured with higher concentrations of gaseous fuel. NG ignition does not take place simultaneously with diesel oil ignition. Moreover, if a divided dose of diesel is injected, NG ignition probably takes place at two points, as diesel oil.

scholarly journals Pollution Tradeoffs for Conventional and Natural Gas-Based Marine Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Winebrake ◽  
James J. Corbett ◽  
Fatima Umar ◽  
Daniel Yuska
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Marine Transportation ◽  
Near Term

This paper presents a life-cycle emissions analysis of conventional and natural gas-based marine transportation in the United States. We apply a total fuel cycle—or “well-to-propeller”—analysis that evaluates emissions along the fuel production and delivery pathway, including feedstock extraction, processing, distribution, and use. We compare emissions profiles for methanol, liquefied natural gas, and low sulfur marine fuel in our analysis, with a focus on exploring tradeoffs across the following pollutants: greenhouse gases, particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. For our greenhouse gas analysis, we apply global warming potentials that consider both near-term (20-year) and long-term (100-year) climate forcing impacts. We also conduct uncertainty analysis to evaluate the impacts of methane leakage within the natural gas recovery, processing, and distribution stages of its fuel cycle. Our results indicate that natural-gas based marine fuels can provide significant local environmental benefits compared to distillate fuel; however, these benefits come with a near-term—and possibly long-term—global warming penalty, unless such natural gas-based fuels are derived from renewable feedstock, such as biomass. These results point to the importance of controlling for methane leaks along the natural gas production process and the important role that renewable natural gas can play in the shipping sector. Decision-makers can use these results to inform decisions related to increasing the use of alternative fuels in short sea and coast-wise marine transportation systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of technical and environmental performance of Marine Alternative fuels for Container Ships

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Elkafas ◽  
Mohamed R. Shouman
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines

Abstract Environmental issues, for example, the expanded air pollutant emissions from ships are progressively affecting the operation of ships. Therefore, International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted many goals to decarbonizing the shipping industry by at least 40% by 2030. Marine fuels play a major role in these goals because of the emissions resulting from the combustion process. Therefore, the present research proposes to convert the conventional engine operated by marine diesel oil (MDO) to a dual-fuel engine operated by either natural gas (NG) or methanol. As a case study, A15-class container ship is investigated. The results showed that the dual-fuel engine operated with (98.5% NG and 1.5% MDO) will reduce CO2, SOx, and NOx emissions by 28%, 98% and 85%, respectively when compared with their values for conventional diesel engine. On the other hand, the reduction percentages reach to 7%, 95% and 80% when using a dual-fuel engine operated with (95% Methanol and 5% MDO), respectively. The proposed dual-fuel engines operated by either NG and methanol will improve the ship energy efficiency index by 26% and 7%, respectively.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Emissions from Marine Engines Using Alternative Fuels

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamas M.I. ◽  
Rodríguez C.G. ◽  
Telmo J. ◽  
Rodríguez J.D.
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Restrictive Legislation ◽  
Oil Fuel

AbstractThe current restrictions on emissions from marine engines, particularly sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2), are compelling the shipping industry to a change of tendency. In the recent years, many primary and secondary reduction techniques have been proposed and employed in marine engines. Nevertheless, the increasingly restrictive legislation makes it very difficult to continue developing efficient reduction procedures at competitive prices. According to this, the paper presents the possibility to employ alternative fuels. A numerical model was developed to analyze the combustion process and emissions using oil fuel, natural gas and hydrogen. A commercial marine engine was studied, the Wärtsilä 6L 46. It was found, that hydrogen is the cleanest fuel regarding CO2, hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO). Nevertheless, it is very expensive for marine applications. Natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than fuel oil regarding CO2and CO emissions. Still, natural gas emits more NOxand HC than oil fuel. SOxdepends basically on the sulphur content of each particular fuel.

A Review on Microalgae Biodiesel Production and its Usage in Direct Injection Diesel Engines as Alternate Fuel

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 776-781
Author(s):  
V. Venkatesan ◽  
N. Nallusamy
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Alternate Fuel

Biodiesel is one of the promising alternative fuels for automotive engines due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources, increasing energy demands and environmental concerns. The biodiesel can be obtained from various bio energy resources such as edible and non-edible vegetable oils and animal fats. However, the use of biodiesel derived from edible oils such as palm oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil has negative impact on global food market. Biodiesel from microalgae is considered as a third generation biofuel derived from non-edible resources and best suited for internal combustion engines. Microalgae have the potential to provide sufficient fuel for global consumption due to its high oil content and fast growing ability. This paper provides a brief overview of biodiesel production from microalgae biomass and its suitability as alternate fuel in diesel engines. This review highlights the selection of suitable algae species for oil production, fuel properties in comparison with standard diesel and other biodiesel fuels, performance, combustion and emission characteristics when used in engines, and the economical aspects. Further, the research and development aspects of biodiesel from microalgae as fuel for automobile diesel engines are also reviewed.

A Review on the Role and Impact of Typical Alcohol Additives in Controlling Emissions from Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Minh Quang Chau ◽  
Van Vang Le ◽  
Tri Hieu Le ◽  
Van Tam Bui
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Global Environmental

Today, most of the essential energy needs of humans and production are met by fossil fuels that are expected to be exhausted in the next century. Furthermore, fossil fuels are not renewable and sensitive to the environment. In particular, there is growing concerned about the negative impact of internal combustion engine emissions on climate change and global environmental pollution. Fuel and alcohol-based additives are being considered as good candidates for sustainable alternative fuels used on compression ignition engines. In this review, the different key production pathways and properties of each of the five alcohol additive candidates were discussed. Besides, their effects on the emission characteristics of diesel engines when alcohol additives are added to diesel fuel are also carefully considered. Five candidates including methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol have been shown to control pollutants from combustion engines while using alcohol-based additives. This is of great significance in the strategy of coping with the threats of pollution and climate change caused by the operation of transport vehicles

scholarly journals Alternatives Fuels: The Present and Future of Containment Systems and Their Impact on the Design and Construction of Ships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cadenaro ◽  
E. Fort ◽  
L Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
Design And Construction

In recent years, driven primarily by SOx emissions regulations, there has been a move towards the adoption of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a marine fuel. More recent decarbonisation targets, and the emissions regulations that are due to follow, will almost certainly trigger a further move towards other low carbon, carbon neutral and zero carbon fuels. Methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen offer a potential pathway for the decarbonisation of the shipping industry. However, the various physical and thermodynamic properties of such alternative fuels will require new containment systems onboard ships requiring the marine industry to embrace containment technologies used in other industries or, where necessary, develop industry-specific solutions. Shipboard containment systems for diesel fuels are currently physical, based on storage at near ambient temperatures and ambient pressures and for natural gas at high pressure (compressed) or low temperature (cryogenic), or a combination of such. Future containment technologies are likely to also include material and chemical based storage, exploiting chemical processes to hydrogenate or dehydrogenate carriers, in both liquid or solid matrices. This paper provides an overview of alternative fuels and their containment technologies and the implications on ship design and construction.

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