scholarly journals Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) as a tool to determine the value of alternative topographic factors in estimating inter-row soil mobilisation in citrus orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Alexandre Marco da Silva ◽  
Ehsan Moradi ◽  
Enric Terol ◽  
Artemi Cerdà

The Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM) was initially designed to assess soil mobilisation rates in vineyards; however, other grafted crops such as citrus orchards could also be successfully used. The results obtained from ISUM have been used for several goals, but have not yet been applied for computing the LS factor (length and slope) as a part of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which could give useful information to improve soil management system plans. This investigation was conducted in an 8-year old clementine field located in Canals (Valencia, Spain) and values of the LS factor were calculated by means of two pre-established algorithms, which allowed us to calculate a Transect Length Index (TLI). Our results demonstrated that the micro-topographical changes can show frequent irregularities. For the values of the Transect Length Index (TLI), the mean values were 1.02% for the left side and 1.04% for the right one. The difference among the areas predicted at the moment of furrow construction and the moment of data survey permitted us to estimate a total volume of 56.9 m<sup>3</sup> of soil mobilized in 19 years. Taking into account the studied area (360 m<sup>2</sup>), the volume of mobilised soil, and the bulk density for the local soil (1.3 g cm<sup>-3</sup>), we estimated a total soil mobilisation of 8.3 mm yr<sup>-1</sup> or 10.4 kg m<sup>-2</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>. We did not observe any evidence or indicator of rill and inter-rill erosion by natural rainfall events, suggesting that the runoff homogenizes the sediment distribution during heavy rains (corroborated by the TLI data) or tillage practices. The data created following the ISUM was suitable to be used to calculate the LS-factor values. The amount of soil mobilised as predicted by USLE was always lower than the ones predicted by ISUM.

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Casini ◽  
Marina Casini

Il contributo esamina la sentenza della Corte Suprema di Cassazione n. 14979 del 2013 che ha per tema l’obiezione di coscienza all’aborto. Nella fattispecie, un medico ginecologo viene pesantemente condannato per aver fatto valere il suo diritto di sollevare obiezione di coscienza (previsto dalla legge 194/1978) per attività che secondo i giudici non sono coperte dall’obiezione di coscienza. Nella prima parte dell’articolo, gli Autori muovono osservazioni critiche riguardo alla particolare severità della sentenza e riportano la ricostruzione dei fatti così come emerge dalle indagini giudiziarie. Di seguito concentrano l’attenzione sul significato e l’estensione del concetto di intervento medico- chirugico in generale e abortivo in particolare, osservando che nella misura in cui un’attività, sebbene non rientrante nel “nucleo” dell’intervento, è programmata dall’inizio come fase conclusiva (tanto che se non vi fosse la certezza di effettuarla, non potrebbe neanche iniziarsi l’intervento) tale attività è parte integrante dell’intervento stesso e dunque, trattandosi di aborto, coperta da obiezione di coscienza. Rilevante ai fini di questa valutazione è l’evidente nesso di causalità che tiene in un tutto unitario i vari momenti che si susseguono cronologicamente. La questione squisitamente giuridica della revoca immediata dell’obiezione viene risolta alla luce della differenza tra l’eventuale accettazione preventiva e l’esecuzione dell’ordine imprevisto. L’aspetto comunque più significativo è legato all’interrogativo che fa da cornice a tutto il contributo: perché tanta avversione contro l’obiezione di coscienza sanitaria con riferimento all’aborto? La risposta si trova nella negazione esplicita o implicita, ma anche nella semplice dimenticanza, che il figlio è figlio sin dal momento del concepimento. “Il diritto di aborto – si legge nella sentenza della Cassazione – è stato riconosciuto come ricompreso nella sfera di autodeterminazione della donna”. Questo pensiero, sottolineano gli Autori, è espressione di una deriva che, avviatasi con la sentenza costituzionale del 1975, avanzata con la legge 194/1978 e gravemente consolidatasi con la pretesa del “diritto” di aborto, nasce dal rifiuto di porre lo sguardo sul figlio concepito e, di conseguenza, avversa l’obiezione di coscienza. Per questo c’è ancor più bisogno di ripetere, concludono gi Autori, che il fondamento e la tutela dell’obiezione di coscienza dipendono dal riconoscimento che il concepito è uno di noi. Interessanti anche gli spunti giuridici di livello internazionale. ---------- The article examines the judgement of the Supreme Court of Cassation n. 14979 of 2013 about conscientious objection to abortion. In this case, a gynecologist was heavily condemned for having asserted his right to raise conscientious objection (provided by Law 194/1978) for activities that according to the judges are not covered by the conscientious objection. In the first part of the article, the Authors criticize the particular severity of the sentence and report the reconstruction of the events emerging from the judicial investigations. Afterward they focus attention on the meaning and the extension of the concept of surgical intervention to understand what the boundaries are of an abortion. Whether a final activity is planned from the outset (so that if it were not sure to perform it, the intervention should not be started) this activity is an integral part of the intervention itself and, therefore, in the case of abortion, covered by conscientious objection. For the purposes of this evaluation, the Authors write, it is very important the clear causal link that takes into a unified whole the various moments that follow one other chronologically. The purely legal question of immediate withdrawal of the objection is resolved in the light of the difference between the possible preventive acceptance of the execution and the execution of an unexpected order. The most significant aspect, however, is tied to the question that frames the entire contribution: why so much aversion against conscientious objection with regard to abortion? The answer lies in the express or implied negation – but also in the simple forgetfulness – that the child is a child from the moment of conception. “The right to abortion – it is written in the Supreme Court’s ruling – has been recognized as coming within the sphere of women’s self-determination” This thought, the Authors point out, is an expression of a drift originally triggered by the constitutional ruling of 1975, then advanced with the Law 194/1978 and finally severely consolidated with the claim of “right” to abortion. Since this drift arises from the refusal to look at the child conceived, consequently it adverse conscientious objection. For this there is even more need to repeat, the Authors conclude, that the foundation and the protection of conscientious objection depends on the recognition that the unborn is one of us. The legal references on the international level are also interesting.


Author(s):  
M. Yu. Cherbunina ◽  
D. G. Shmelev ◽  
A. V. Brouchkov ◽  
V. S. Kazantsev ◽  
R. N. Argunov

The article presents the results of long-term field studies of methane in the upper part of permafrost for the different geomorphological levels of Central Yakutia. Patterns of spatial distribution of methane content across different landscapes were found. The highest concentrations of methane are found in alas deposits, the major role of methane in the conservation there goes to the moment of freezing the thermokarst lake draining. The difference in methane content in the sediments of the Late Pleistocene Ice Complex on the left and the right bank of the river Lena was identified. That is likely caused by the conditions of ice complex formation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Nadica Marinkovic ◽  
Marija Djuric

Background/Aim. The basic task of a forensic examiner during the exhumation of mass graves or in mass accidents is to establish identity of a person. The results obtained through these procedures depend on the level of perceptibility of post mortal changes and they are compared with premortal data obtained from family members of those missing or killed. Experience with exhumations has shown significant differences between the results obtained through exhumation and the premortal data. The aim of the study was to suggest the existance of the difference between premortal data and the results obtained by exhumation regarding the some parameters, as well as to direct premortal data colection to the specific skeletal forms. Methods. We performed comparative analysis of the results of exhumation of skeletal remains in a mass grave and the premortal data concerning the identified persons. The least number of individuals in this mass grave was calculated according to the upper parts of the right femur and it helped in calculating the smallest number of individuals in mass graves to be 48. A total of 27 persons were identified. Sex was determined by metrics and morphology of the pelvis. Personal age in the moment of death was determined by morphology features of groin symphisis and morphology of sternal edge of ribs and other parts of scelets observations. The hight was calculated as average results of length of long bones and Rollet coefficients. Results. There was a complete match in terms of sex and age matched within an interval that could be established based on the skeletal remains. All the other parameters were different, however, which made identification significantly more difficult. Conclusion. The premortal data is an important element of identification process and it should be obtained by the forensic doctor and directed towards more detailed examination of the skeletal system.


1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-473
Author(s):  
M. Heri Fadoil

Abstract: Abdul Karim Soroush judges that religious rule is incorrect assessment of the application of Islamic jurisprudence. In a religious society, Islamic jurisprudence obtains the right to govern. It is, of course, necessary to establish a kind of Islamic jurisprudence-based religious rule. Soroush firmly rejects it because such interpretation is too narrow. As for democracy, Soroush argues that the system used is not necessarily equal to that of the Western. On the contrary, Ayatollah Khomeini’s thoughts on religious rule are reflected in the so called wilayat al-faqih. It is a religious scholar-based government. Democracy, according to him, is the values of Islam itself, which is able to represent the level of a system to bring to the country’s progress. Principally, there are some similarities between the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini and those of Abdul Karim Soroush in term of religiosity. They assume that it is able to sustain the religious system of government. The difference between both lies on the application of religiosity itself. Ayatollah Khomeini applies the concept of a religious scholar-based government, while Abdul Karim Soroush rejects the institutionalization of religion in the government or state.Keywords: Governance, democracy, Abdul Karim Soroush, Ayatollah Khomeini


Author(s):  
Anne Phillips

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nuah Perdamenta Tarigan ◽  
Christian Siregar ◽  
Simon Mangatur Tampubolon

Justice that has not existed and is apparent among the disabilities in Indonesia is very large and spread in the archipelago is very large, making the issue of equality is a very important thing especially with the publication of the Disability Act No. 8 of 2016 at the beginning of that year. Only a few provinces that understand properly and well on open and potential issues and issues will affect other areas including the increasingly growing number of elderly people in Indonesia due to the increasing welfare of the people. The government of DKI Jakarta, including the most concerned with disability, from the beginning has set a bold step to defend things related to disability, including local governments in Solo, Bali, Makassar and several other areas. Leprosy belonging to the disability community has a very tough marginalization, the disability that arises from leprosy quite a lot, reaches ten percent more and covers the poor areas of Indonesia, such as Nusa Tenggara Timur, Papua, South Sulawesi Provinces and even East Java and West Java and Central Java Provinces. If we compare again with the ASEAN countries we also do not miss the moment in ratifying the CRPD (Convention of Rights for People with Disability) into the Law of Disability No. 8 of 2016 which, although already published but still get rejections in some sections because do not provide proper empowerment and rights equality. The struggle is long and must be continued to build equal rights in all areas, not only health and welfare but also in the right of the right to receive continuous inclusive education.


2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.


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