Mitigating Water Pollution Using a Sustainable Biobased Low-Cost Adsorbent Derived From Mustard Straw

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Kalpana Patidar ◽  
Manish Vashishtha ◽  
Sonal Rajoria ◽  
Tarun Kumar Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
H3po4 Activation ◽  
Mb Adsorption

The present work is focussed on treating dye-laden polluted water by using a mustard straw-based activated carbon prepared using ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activation methods. The activation conditions based on the parameters reported in the literature are taken as follows: 700 °C activation temperature, impregnation ratio 2.0, and heating time 2 h. The textural and surface properties of mustard stalk activated carbon (MSAC) were studied by using SEM, nitrogen adsorption, and FT-IR, whereas its adsorption capacity was obtained using the methylene blue (MB) adsorption method. Activation of ZnCl2 and H3PO4 resulted in a BET surface area of 402 and 496 m2/g, respectively. The average pore diameter of the MSAC was found to be 2.13 and 2.59 nm for ZnCl2 and H3PO4 activation respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to evaluate the equilibrium parameters of MB adsorption. The monolayer adsorption capacity of MSAC by ZnCl2 and H3PO4 for MB removal from the Langmuir model were 122.25 and 213.21 mg/g respectively. Activation with H3PO4 was found to be more effective in modifying the structure of the mustard straw when compared with ZnCl2 and also it resulted in a higher adsorption capacity of MB. The present work highlights that the MSAC produced using H3PO4 activation is a low-cost bio-based adsorbent using abundant agricultural by-product namely mustard straw, and this adsorbent can be used in numerous industrially important applications.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

scholarly journals Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Azrina Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop ◽  
Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya ◽  
Muhammad Azan Tamar Jaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

This research aims to optimize preparation conditions of coconut-shell-based activated carbon (CSAC) and to evaluate its adsorption performance in removing POP of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The CSAC was prepared by activating the coconut shell via single-stage microwave heating under carbon dioxide, CO2 flow. The total pore volume, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of CSAC were 0.420 cm3/g, 625.61 m2/g, and 4.55 nm, respectively. The surface of CSAC was negatively charged shown by the zeta potential study. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum preparation conditions in preparing CSAC were 502 W and 6 min for radiation power and radiation time, respectively, which corresponded to 84.83% of DDT removal and 37.91% of CSAC’s yield. Adsorption uptakes of DDT were found to increase with an increase in their initial concentration. Isotherm study revealed that DDT-CSAC adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacity, Qm of 14.51 mg/g. The kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with this adsorption system. In regeneration studies, the adsorption efficiency had slightly dropped from 100% to 83% after 5 cycles. CSAC was found to be economically feasible for commercialization owing to its low production cost and high adsorption capacity.

Synthesis and evaluation of activated carbon/nanoclay/ thiolated graphene oxide nanocomposite for lead(II) removal from aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mojoudi ◽  
Amir Hossein Hamidian ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Isotherm Model ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Fast Kinetics

Abstract Novel porous nanocomposite (AC/NC/TGO) was successfully synthesized through the composition of activated carbon, nanoclay and graphene oxide as a Pb(II) adsorbent for the treatment of contaminated aqueous environment. The physicochemical properties and morphology of AC/NC/TGO were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption techniques. Results showed Pb(II) adsorption on the AC/NC/TGO was rapid in the first 20 min and reached equilibrium in 40 min. Kinetic studies showed significant fit to the pseudo second order kinetic model (R2 ≥ 0.9965) giving an equilibrium rate constant (K2) of 0.0017 g mg−1 min−1 for Pb(II) loaded. The experimental adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model than with the Freundlich isotherm model. Prepared nanocomposite exhibited high values of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 1,296 m2 g−1 and total pore volume of 1.01 cm3 g−1. Maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax = 208 mg g−1) and a relatively high adsorption rate was achieved at pH 5.0 using an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g L−1 and an initial lead concentration of 50 mg L−1. High adsorption capacity, reusability, fast kinetics and simple synthesis method indicate that prepared nanocomposite can be suggested as a high-performance adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from polluted water.

Ultrasound and microwave-assisted preparation of Fe-activated carbon as an effective low-cost adsorbent for dyes wastewater treatment

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (82) ◽  
pp. 78936-78946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Cheng ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Jianhua Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Mb Adsorption

A and B are Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model. We conclude that MB adsorption capacity of Fe-activated carbon is bigger than raw activated carbon, indicating that Fe-activated carbon has better MB removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of bio-based activated carbon from fish scales

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 614-621
Author(s):  
Qingsong Ji ◽  
Haichao Li ◽  
Jingjing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature

The object of this study was to prepare activated carbons containing nitrogenous functional groups by a chemical method from nitrogen-containing raw materials. Fish (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) scales were impregnated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and activated at varied temperatures. The adsorption ability, structural characteristics, surface chemistry, and morphology of the activated carbons were characterized by methylene blue and iodine values, nitrogen adsorption, the Boehm method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The total alkaline groups content of the activated carbon produced from fish scales was 0.4330 mmol/g, the total acidic groups was 1.68 mmol/g, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area was 501 cm2/g, and the total pore volume was 0.284 cm3/g. The average pore diameter was 1.94 nm under an activation temperature of 550 °C, an activation time of 1 h, and an impregnation ratio of 2. As a result of this study, nitrogenous functional groups that contained acid-base amphoteric adsorbent were produced.

Analisis Variasi Temperatur Aktivasi Terhadap Daya Serap Arang Aktif Tandan Aren (Arenga Pinnata Merr) Dengan Agen Aktivasi Potassium Silicate(K2SiO3)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Muhammad Anas ◽  
Erniwati Erniwati
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Reactor

This study aims to determine the effect of variation of activation temperature of activated carbon from sugar palm bunches of chemically activatied with the activation agent of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) on the adsorption capacity of iodine and methylene blue. Activated carbon from bunches of sugar palmacquired in four steps: preparationsteps, carbonizationstepsusing the pyrolysis reactor with temperature of 300 oC - 400 oC for 8 hours and chemical activation using of potassium silicate (K2SiO3) activator in weight ratio of 2: 1 and physical activation using the electric furnace for 30 minutes with temperature variation of600 oC, 650 oC, 700 oC, 750 oC and 800 oC. The iodine and methyleneblue adsorption testedby Titrimetric method and Spectrophotometry methodrespectively. The results of the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue activated carbon from sugar palm bunches increased from 240.55 mg/g and 63.14 mg/g at a temperature of 600 oC to achieve the highest adsorption capacity of 325.80 mg/g and 73.59 mg/g at temperature of 700 oC and decreased by 257.54 mg/g and 52.03 mg/g at a temperature of 800 oCrespectively.However, it does not meet to Indonesia standard (Standard Nasional Indonesia/SNI), which is 750 mg/g and 120 mg/g respectively.

scholarly journals Development of Activated Carbon Using One Step Carbonization and Activation Reaction by Polymer Blend Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manocha ◽  
Parth Joshi ◽  
Amit Brahmbhatt ◽  
Amiya Banerjee ◽  
Snehasis Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Optimum Synthesis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
One Step

In the present work, a one step carbon activation process was developed by stabilized poly-blend. It is carbonized in nitrogen atmosphere and activated in steam in one step for known interval of times to enhance the surface area and develop interconnected porosity. The weight-loss behavior during steam activation of stabilized poly-blend at different temperatures, surface area and pore size distribution were studied to identify the optimum synthesis parameters. The results of surface characteristics were compared with those of activated carbon prepared by carbonization and activation in two steps. It was found that activation temperature has profound effect on surface characteristics. As activation temperature was raised from 800 °C to 1150 °C, surface area of activated carbon increased about three times. In addition to surface area, average pore diameter also increases with increasing activation temperature. Thus, activated carbon with high percentage of porosity and surface area can be developed by controlling the activation temperature during activation process.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid as Activating Agent in Rubber Seed Shell Activated Carbon Production for CO2 Capture

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Nawwarah Mokti ◽  
Azry Borhan ◽  
Siti Nur Azella Zaine ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Activating Agent

The use of an activating agent in chemical activation of activated carbon (AC) production is very important as it will help to open the pore structure of AC as adsorbents and could enhance its performance for adsorption capacity. In this study, a pyridinium-based ionic liquid (IL), 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [C4Py][Tf2N] has been synthesized by using anion exchange reaction and was characterized using few analyses such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and FTIR. Low-cost AC was synthesized by chemical activation process in which rubber seed shell (RSS) and ionic liquid [C4Py][Tf2N] were employed as the precursor and activating agent, respectively. AC has been prepared with different IL concentration (1% and 10%) at 500°C and 800°C for 2 hours. Sample AC2 shows the highest SBET and VT which are 392.8927 m2/g and 0.2059 cm3/g respectively. The surface morphology of synthesized AC can be clearly seen through FESEM analysis. A high concentration of IL in sample AC10 contributed to blockage of pores by the IL. On the other hand, the performance of synthesized AC for CO2 adsorption capacity also studied by using static volumetric technique at 1 bar and 25°C. Sample AC2 contributed the highest CO2 uptakes which is 50.783 cm3/g. This current work shows that the use of low concentration IL as an activating agent has the potential to produce porous AC, which offers low-cost, green technology as well as promising application towards CO2 capture.

Optimization of Production Conditions for Activated Carbons from Rice Husk by Potassium Carbonate Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mian Wu Meng ◽  
Cong Liang Qi ◽  
Qing Ye Liu ◽  
Liang Lv ◽  
Hao Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherm

A three-factor-three-level experiment was developed by the central composite design (CCD) and Response surface methodology to discuss the effects of concentration of K2CO3, activation temperature and time on the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon (AC) derived from the rice husk and to identify the key preparation parameters. The performance of the AC was characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm as Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. The optimal parameters were obtained: Rice husk was soaked in K2CO3 solution (2.32 mol/L) with an impregnation ratio (rice husk: K2CO3=1:3) (wt. %), activated at 1239 K for 0.48 h. The results showed that iodine adsorption capacity of the AC was 1268.52 mg/g, the error between the models predicted (1356.98 mg/g) was only 6.2%. The AC has a large apparent surface area (SBET = 1312 m2/g), total pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) and average pore diameter (11.92 Å).

scholarly journals Low cost adsorbent for mitigation of water pollution caused by tannery effluents at Hazaribagh

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
A Mizan ◽  
FT Zohra ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
M Nurnabi ◽  
MZ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Buriganga River

Tanneries at Hazaribagh use a large number of chemicals during processing and discharge their effluents to the river Buriganga without appropriate treatment and aggravate its pollution level. This study focuses on a plausible way for the abatement of pollution level of Buriganga river water using low cost adsorbent. Activated carbon prepared from coconut shell was used as a low cost adsorbent. The samples were collected from three different points of the river at three different layers from the surface of water. The collected samples were passed through the activated carbon and a remarkable amount of pollutants were found to be adsorbed. TSS, TDS, BOD5, COD and chromic oxide content of polluted water were reduced significantly.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(3), 215-220, 2016

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