scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of Sudan grass cultivars and new hybrid populations of Bashkir selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
Rifhat Biktimirov ◽  
Zul'fira Sharipkulova ◽  
Asiya Nizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Growing Conditions

Abstract. The purpose of research is to evaluate Sudan grass cultivars in terms of phenotypic plasticity and yield stability in changing environmental conditions. Research methods. The article presents the data of the research conducted in conditions of the Cis-Ural steppe of the Bashkortostan Republic in 2016–2019. 12 Sudan grass cultivars and hybrid populations, selected in the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, being of varied ripeness, were studied for yielding capacity, stability, and plasticity. Weather conditions in the years of research on temperature and water regimes were different. That made it possible to evaluate the lines in contrasting conditions of cultivation. Results. The most adaptive varieties for forage cultivation were identified: Demskaya variety and populations 285, 318 and 395 with a regression coefficient bi close and equal to one, are characterized as plastic; populations 392, 400, 446/2 are responsive to better growing conditions and characterized as intensive – bi > 1. When cultivated for seeds, population 318 is defined as plastic, while Smena, Demskaya, Chishminskaya rannyaya, Yaktash cultivars, populations 276, 285, 392, 446/2 and 395 are responsive to improved growing conditions and identified as intensive. The best populations according to the comprehensive assessment of varieties for dry matter yield, plasticity and stability are: 400 (yield 69.7 c/ha; plasticity – 1.1; stability – 40.5) and 395 (69.2 c/ha; 1.0; 36.4, respectively). Populations 358 (yield 29.6 c/ha; plasticity – 1.0; stability – 5.2) and 318 (28.1 c/ha; 0.9; 4.2, respectively) were recognized as the best Sudan grass cultivars and populations in terms of seed productivity, plasticity and stability, Scientific novelty. The article collects and presents the materials of many years of the study on Sudan grass phenotypic plasticity and stability.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on green biomass and dry matter yield of Sorghum sp. at different growth stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-749
Author(s):  
J. Ikanovic ◽  
S. Jankovic ◽  
V. Popovic ◽  
S. Rakic ◽  
G. Drazic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Interspecies Hybrid

The paper investigated the production properties of three sorghum genotypes: NS-Dzin (forage sorghum), Zora (Sudan grass) and Siloking (interspecies hybrid) in terms of different nitrogen rates used in side dressing in 2009 and 2010. The subject of study was green biomass and dry matter yield in the stages of intensive growth and tasseling. The results have shown that there have been significant fluctuations in production indicators between the genotypes. In the total average, the lowest yield was recorded for the Sudan grass (85.41 t ha-1). Significantly higher yields were recorded for the interspecies hybrid (90.22 t ha-1) and the forage sorghum (93.51 t ha-1). Although the effect of nitrogen rates depended on weather conditions, i.e. rainfall distribution, the optimal nitrogen rate in both years was 180 kg ha-1.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

scholarly journals Fulfilling the responsibilites of the manager of the laboratory for the selection of forage crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
L.H. Marinich
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of GCA samples according to the results of dialysis analysis are given. Genetic control systems of traits of each variety are reflected, in particular the relative contribution of dominant and recessive alleles. According to the analysis of the effects of general combinatorial ability, samples with high indicators were selected for most of the studied features: the number of vegetatively elongated shoots - Poltava 52; foliage - Anto; dry matter yield - Poltava 52; protein content in dry matter - Poltava 52; the number of generative shoots - Anto and Poltava 52; panicle length - Anto and Radio-mutant k-7; seed productivity - Anto. A high level of the coefficients of heredity of the studied signs in a broad sense (H2 = 0,93 – 0,99) have been established. The coefficients of heredity in the narrow sense (h2) in terms of genetic variability due to additive effects of genes were different. The highest rate was in seed productivity (0,91), the number of vegetatively elongated shoots (0,78), dry matter yield (0,70); the lowest - in the length of the panicle (0,35) and the height of the plant - (0,43). The protein content was average (0,58). Key words: unbearded hundred-spike, diallel crosses, general combination ability, heredity.

scholarly journals Dependence of grain productivity of the main shoot ear on the stem dry matter weight in varieties of winter wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 291-296
Author(s):  
O. V. Zborivska ◽  
G. O. Priadkina ◽  
O. G. Sokolovska-Sergienko ◽  
N. M. Makharinska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Growing Conditions

Aim. Estimation of the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoots of different varieties of winter wheat in the phases of flowering and full ripeness as a criterion for the grain productivity of its ear in years with different meteorological conditions. Methods. Field, morphometric, mathematical and statistical. Results. The mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoots of winter wheat varieties was studied in years that differed significantly in weather conditions in the flowering phase and at full grain maturity. It was established that the mass of dry matter of the stem of the main shoot at the flowering and the full grain maturity varied significantly, respectively 0.6–1.2 g and 0.5–1.0 g in 2014, and 1.0–2.0 g and 0.8–1.5 g in 2016 depending on the variety, and under different growing conditions. Limits of variation of grain yield of the ear in 2014, ranged from 0.9 to 2.2 g and from 1.5 to 2.5 g in 2016. It was established that at the flowering, the correlation between the mass of grain from the head and the mass of the dry substance of the stem was significant at 99 % probability under growing conditions (r = 0.8–0.9). Conclusions. It is shown that grain productivity of main shoot in winter wheat is related to the ability of its stem to store assimilates during the vegetative period. It was established that the mass of the dry matter of the stem of the main shoots in the flowering phase can serve as a criterion for assessing its grain productivity. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., mass of stem, grain yield.

scholarly journals Effect of Date of Planting and Plant Geometry on Growth and Yield Characters of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mahender Pal ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
A. P. Singh ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
M. D. Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Planting Geometry ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growing Conditions

The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block design assigning time of planting (Factor A), planting geometry (Factor B) with four replications to assess the effect of date of planting and planting geometry on growth and yield of Kalmegh cv. CIM Megha. The experiment was conducted at Experimental farm, Nalanda College of Horticulture, Noorsarai, Nalanda (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. Factor A consisted of three time of planting viz., 15th May, 01st June and 15th June and factor B consisted of two levels of spacing S1 (30 x15 cm) and S2 (30 x20 cm). Pooled data on different growth and yield characters revealed 15th June as  best time of planting of Kalmegh and proclaimed highest values for plant height (75.46 cm), Plant girth (7.69 mm), no. of secondary branches, no. of leaves per plant and total dry matter yield (31.75 q/ha) . on the other hand spacing level of  S2 (30x20 cm) also recorded highest values for plant height (68.75 cm), plant girth (7.75 mm), no. of secondary branched/plant, no. of leaves/plant and total dry matter yield (27.38 q/ha). The treatment combination of 15th June as time of planting and plant spacing of 30 x20 cm found best for planting of Kalmegh in the growing conditions of the Nalanda. It was followed by planting time 15th June and plant spacing of 30x 15 cm for higher growth and yield of Kalmegh.

Tolerance of Foxtail Millet to Combinations of Bromoxynil, Clopyralid, Fluroxypyr, and MCPA

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Dan J. Ulrich ◽  
Christopher B. Holzapfel ◽  
Guy P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Crop Biomass

When solid stands of foxtail millet are cut for swath grazing, the grazing season for cattle is extended and winter feeding costs reduced. The economic success of this practice depends on inexpensive weed control. Eight single- and double-rate herbicide combinations (g ai/ha) were evaluated and compared to a weed-free check: MCPA + bromoxynil (280 + 280 or 560 + 560); MCPA + clopyralid (560 + 100 or 1120 + 200); MCPA + fluroxypyr (562 + 108 or 1124 + 216); and MCPA + clopyralid + fluroxypyr (560 + 100 + 144 or 1120 + 200 + 288). This study was conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan (SK) in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 and at Scott, SK, in 2006 and 2007. Crop injury and dry matter yield were measured. Results of the study indicate that crop injury exceeded 20% at only one out of six sites at 7 to 14 d after herbicide treatment. Double-rate MCPA + bromoxynil treatments had higher injury ratings than the weed-free check 7 to 14 d after treatment in all site years. As the growing season progressed, injury ratings tended to decline except at Scott in 2007, where injury ratings at the 21 to 35 d period were numerically greater than the other two rating periods. There were no differences among treatments for crop biomass production. We conclude that all four herbicide combinations at the labeled rate are safe to use on foxtail millet in Saskatchewan, and probably in other areas with similar environmental growing conditions.

scholarly journals The estimation of environmental stability and adaptability of the grain sorghum varieties in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
R. А. Biktimirov ◽  
А. А. Nizaeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Environmental Adaptability ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Growing Conditions

The current paper has presented the study of productivity, environmental stability and adaptability of 11 Russian grain sorghum varieties of various groups of ripeness in the conditions of the Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan, conducted in 2015–2019. The purpose of the study was to estimate the grain sorghum varieties according to the parameters of environmental adaptability and stability of productivity in changing environmental conditions. The weather conditions during the years of study were different in temperature and water supply, which made it possible to evaluate the lines in the contrasting cultivation conditions. The index of environmental conditions for grain yield of grain sorghum in 2015 was 0.9, in 2016 it was 1.3, in 2017 it was -1.0, in 2019 it was -1.2. The data completely characterizes the weather conditions of the years of study and their effect on the growth and development of plants. Environmental adaptability (bi) and stability (Ϭ2d) were calculated according to the methods of S.A. Eberchart and W. A. Rassel (1966) interpreted by V. A. Zykin, stress resistance (Ymin–Ymax) was estimated according to the equation of A. A. Rossille, J. Hamblin interpreted by A. A. Goncharenko, productivity range (d) was evaluated according to V. A. Zykin. The varieties ‘Kamelik’, ‘Ogonyok’, ‘Orlovskoe’ turned out to be adaptable (bi was close to 1); the varieties ‘Slavyanka’, ‘Zernyshko’ and ‘Ros’ were responsive to the improvement of growing conditions (bi > 1). Based on a comprehensive estimation of the value of environmental adaptability and stability, the varieties ‘Premiera’, ‘Belochka’, ‘Ogonyok’, ‘Orlovskoe’ were identified as the best ones. These varieties are highly intensive, responsive to the improvement of growing conditions and characterized with high productivity. The paper has collected and presented the material of the long-term study of the environmental adaptability and stability of the grain sorghum productivity in the conditions of the Ural steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

scholarly journals Herbage production from five grazable forages

2013 ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.K. Minneé ◽  
C.E.F. Clark ◽  
D.A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Average Rainfall

Maintaining an adequate feed supply throughout the year is an important consideration in dairy systems. Systems based on perennial ryegrass pastures are often limited by poor growth and feed quality when soil moisture is low and temperatures are high. Alternative forage species better adapted to these conditions may provide options for maintaining feed supply. Annual and seasonal dry matter (DM) production, and nutritive value of five grazable forages with and without irrigation were compared under cutting in the Waikato over two successive years. Perennial ryegrass produced the greatest annual DM yield in both years under both irrigation regimes, largely through superior cool season production and mild temperatures with above average rainfall during the experiment. Plantain tended to provide more DM than perennial ryegrass under irrigation in summer and autumn, a time when additional DM is important for maintaining milk production. With the exception of sudan grass, nutritive value of all forages exceeded values expected to limit milk production. Keywords: dry matter yield, nutritive value, chicory, plantain, perennial ryegrass, sudan grass, sulla

Effects of soil limestone and foliar manganese and zinc applications on field cauliflower growth and element contents

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Kowalenko ◽  
M. Ihnat
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
One Year ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

A trial was conducted in a field where a previous study suggested that a deficiency of manganese (Mn) or zinc (Zn) was created by the application of limestone, with the objective to confirm whether lime-induced deficiency is a potential problem in coastal British Columbia acidic soils. The trial involved the application and incorporation of limestone at two rates (9 and 19 Mg ha-1) in addition to a control with no limestone, and five foliar applications of Mn and Zn. The foliar applications included a control, Mn at two rates (2.3 and 4.5 kg ha-1), Zn at one rate (2.3 kg ha-1) and a combination of Mn and Zn, both at 2.3 kg ha-1. The trial was conducted at the same location over seven growing seasons (1979-1985), with the cauliflower grown in five of those years. The plot was fallowed in 1981 and 1983. The limestone treatments were applied in the spring of 1979, and again in the summer of 1981, while the foliar applications were applied to the plant each cropped season. Limestone increased plant dry matter yield in three years, decreased it in one, and had no effect in the other. The micronutrient applications did not affect dry matter yield in any of the years. Chemical analyses on the plants showed that limestone increased Ca and decreased Mn and Zn concentrations. The foliar applications increased plant Mn and Zn concentrations. Limestone, but not the micronutrient, applications influenced other element concentrations, with decreased concentrations of potassium, magnesium, sodium, strontium and rubidium. Iron and copper concentrations were not influenced by limestone applications. The decreased concentrations of nutrients could not account for the yield reduction by limestone applications in the one year, since concentrations of the nutrients measured in that year were not significantly different to concentrations in years when yields were increased. Further, basal applications of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and boron) had been applied to ensure that non-treatment nutrients were not deficient. Although monthly weather conditions were similar for one year of increased yield and one year of decreased yield, the influence of weather on the variable response by the crop could not be discounted as there could have been adverse weather conditions at critical stages of plant growth. Strontium and rubidium tended to respond to limestone similar to calcium and potassium, showing that their measurements have potential to further evaluate nutrient dynamics since they have characteristics similar to calcium and potassium, respectively. This field trial showed that limestone applications had many and variable effects on the availability of numerous nutrients and associated elements on cauliflower in addition to Mn and Zn. This showed the high degree of complexity of limestone applications on acidic soils.Key words: Liming, soil pH, Ca, nutrient elements, nutrient analogs

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