scholarly journals PARADIGMA PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI; SATU ANALISIS TINJAUAN ULANG DARI PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SYAMSURI SYAMSURI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Socialist Economic ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Economics Analysis ◽  
Development Perspective

Abstract. Paradigm of Economic Development; Perspective of Islamic Economics Analysis. The capitalist economic system has failed because the rich exploiting the poor and a socialist economic system justifies the poor seize property of the rich. This problem becomes an important issue for the Muslim economists. Paradigm both the liberal system is exploitative, unfair and treats people not as people. Not pay attention to moral values and akhlaqs, a dichotomy between religion and economics, make man a slave of development and not development for human. This paper is a reflection phenomenon of damage to the environment, social inequality and poverty not been abated. So the liberal economic theories and concepts need to be reviewed by presenting a new economic development concept that comes from revelation that is the Quran and hadith. Finally, from the discussion can be concluded that economic development can not be achieved except with implementing Islamic guidance in everything. And the nature of development must necessarily multi-dimensional, included the gratification of physical and ruh. Economic development must also be able to create a balance between individual interests and the interests of society, kindness balanced and consistent according the rules of Islam. Measure of the success of development if the concept of caliphate, ‘adalah, and tazkiyah can meet all basic needs of every human being and nature conservation around for the long term future generations.Abstrak. Paradigma Pembangunan Ekonomi; Satu Analisis Tinjauan Ulang Dari Perspektif Ekonomi Islam. Kegagalan sistem ekonomi kapitalis yang membenarkan orang kaya mengeksploitasi orang miskin, dan sistem sosialis membenarkan orang miskin merampas harta orang kaya menjadi satu isu penting bagi para ekonom muslim. Paradigma kedua sistem liberal tersebut bersifat eksploitatif dan tidak fair serta memperlakukan manusia bukan sebagai manusia. Mengesampingkan nilai moral dan akhlak, memisahkan antara agama dengan ekonomi, dan menjadikan manusia hamba pembangunan, bukan pembangunan untuk manusia. Makalah ini merupakan satu refleksi fenomena dari kerusakan alam, ketimpangan sosial, kemiskinan yang tidak berkunjung reda. Sehingga teori dan konsep ekonomi liberal perlu ditinjau ulang dengan menyajikan satu konsep pembangunan ekonomi baru yang bersumber dari wahyu yaitu al-Quran maupun hadith. Akhirnya dari pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembangunan ekonomi tidak akan dapat dicapai melainkan dengan menjalankan ajaran Islam secara kaffah, dan sifat pembangunan mestilah multi dimensi yang merangkumi pemuasan secara fisik maupun ruh. Termasuk pembangunan ekonomi juga mesti dapat menciptakan keseimbangan antara kepentingan individu dan kepentingan masyarakat, kebaikan yang seimbang dan konsisten sesuai kaedah-kaedah agama Islam. Tolak ukur keberhasilan pembangunan ini apabila tuntutan khilafah, ‘adalah dan tazkiyah dapat memenuhi seluruh keperluan dasar setiap insan dan pelestarian alam sekitar untuk jangka panjang generasi selanjutnya.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIF SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM UNTUK INDONESIA YANG LEBIH SEJAHTERA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Indah Cahyani ◽  
Sumadi Sumadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
World Order ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Economic Function ◽  
Group Family

Economic development in a country or bangasa is the main foundation in order to realize the welfare of society. The economy of a country strong then, the country will be stronger. To this end, the trend of capitalism that has spread throughout the world led to the shifting economic world order. Understand the rich get richer, the poor poorer, unwittingly been entrenched in every society the world. Free competition, monopoly, is a product of capitalism that has a lot of miserable people in the country of Indonesia is no exception. Pancasila Economic System is an economic system that is excavated and built from the values espoused in Indonesian societyEconomics is the knowledge of the events and feelings associated with human efforts as individuals (private), group (family of nations, organizations) in meeting the needs are endless. The economic function is to develop capabilities in the event of economic, analyzing and assessing the economic problems, whether they are individual, society and the national character.Keywords: alternative, the economic system of Islam, prosperous 

Inequality, Collective Action, and Democratization

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Keefer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich

Epic redistributive struggles between the rich and poor lie at the heart of prominent theories of economic development and the emergence of democracy (e.g., Boix 2003; Acemoglu and Robinson 2006). The poor pursue democracy to secure credible redistribution away from wealthy elites; elites, fearing redistribution, but also the costs of revolution, decide whether to repress these efforts or to surrender to them. These theories, and the historical examples of working classes exacting redistributive or political concessions from elites, have been interpreted as suggesting that inequality and redistributive struggles should be central features of development and democratization. Where inequality is high, democracy should be unlikely to emerge, or to emerge and be unstable. Because elites in unequal societies are unwilling to adopt institutions that encourage growth and investment (such as institutions that protect non-elites from predation by elites), incomes should be lower as well.

scholarly journals KONSEP HAK MILIK DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
AN Ras Try Astuti ◽  
Andi Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Economic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Joint Ownership ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

Capitalism as an economic system that is implemented by most countries in the world today, in fact it gave birth to injustice and social inequalityare increasingly out of control. Social and economic inequalities are felt both between countries (developed and developing countries) as well as insociety itself (the rich minority and the poor majority). The condition is born from the practice of departing from faulty assumptions about the man. In capitalism the individual to own property released uncontrollably, causing a social imbalance. On the other hand, Islam never given a state model that guarantees fair distribution of ownership for all members of society, ie at the time of the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic government in Medina. In Islam, the private ownership of property was also recognized but not absolute like capitalism. Islam also recognizes the forms of joint ownership for the benefit of society and acknowledges the ownership of the state that aims to create a balance and social justice.

DIFFERENTIAL FERTILITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1048-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nakamura ◽  
Yoshihiko Seoka
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Initial Ratio ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Persistent Poverty

This paper considers differential fertility and analyzes how the fertility of people caught in poverty disturbs their escape from poverty. For escape from poverty, it is necessary that the average human capital stock exceed certain thresholds before the ratio of the number of poor to rich people increases more rapidly than the human capital level of rich people. Thus, the escape depends on a race between the accumulation of human capital by the rich and the accumulation of children by the poor. A high initial ratio of the number of poor to rich people would imply persistent poverty.

scholarly journals Features of construction of the model socially oriented national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Оlena Golovnya ◽  
Iryna Kinash
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Economic System ◽  
National Economy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Economic Mechanism

The background of the development of the model of economic development of Ukraine in the context of social orientation has been analyzed taking into account the interdependent influence of the mechanism of market relations and economic policy of the state. It is researched that the economic mechanism of socially oriented market economy contains organizational structure of production (vertical and horizontal), specific forms of functioning of economic system (state and non-state regulation of the market), as well as a specific institutional base (including its legislative component). The constituents of the economic system are entities formed by large economic entities (eg financial corporations). The authors argue that the economic mechanism of a socially oriented national economy is a complex structure and system of interconnections and includes: a) a system of balanced markets; b) public sector of economy; c) large economic structures that fulfill the regulatory role of the state for the economy as a whole and at the same time increase the market sensitivity to medium and long-term programs of its development; d) public sector administrative and production subsystem; e) system of operative state regulation of economy; e) a budget-balancing system with a powerful core; g) regulatory framework governing mid-market processes. The study states that Ukraine, in rather difficult conditions, produces the parameters of its own national model of socio-economic development for the long term. The country has not yet formulated or implemented an effective model of economic development that would fully reflect its national characteristics and interests and become a macroeconomic basis for effective state regulation It is determined that in the conditions of construction of a new model of the national economy the role of non-governmental and charitable organizations is increasing. The role of non-governmental organizations, which represent one of the most optimal legal forms to assist citizens in solving their common problems, upholding common interests, is a compulsory attribute of the model of socially oriented national economy.

scholarly journals Contextualizing Community Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Community Economic Development ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Unique Context

This paper is aimed at contextualizing the approach of Community Based Development as an alternative solution of communities to reduce dependency to the outer forces. It is conducted by examining a heavily urbanized area in Central Jakarta and to compare it with different scales of contexts. Kelurahan Cideng has very unique context since its urban environment has particular population composition of the dichotomic extremes: the poor and the rich as well as those involved in formal and informal employment. The study treats a national government’s policy of the integration of Posyandu, BKK and provincial initiative of PAUD as the interplay with the socio-economic context of Cideng.

scholarly journals Essays on Disaster Risk and Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Azreen Karim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

<p>This thesis consists of four self-contained papers in the areas of disaster risk and economic development. Chapter One provides a qualitative survey of the empirical literature on the nexus among poverty, inequality and natural disasters. The last few years have seen an explosion of economic research on the consequences of natural disasters. This new interest is attributable first and foremost to a growing awareness of the potentially catastrophic nature of these events, but also a result of the increasing awareness that natural disasters are social and economic events. Here, we survey the literature that examines the direct and indirect impact of natural disaster events specifically on the poor and their impact on the distribution of income within affected communities and societies.  With a meta-regression analysis of the existing literature on the impacts of disasters on households in Chapter Two, we observe several general patterns. Incomes are clearly impacted adversely, with the impact observed specifically in per-capita measures. Consumption is also reduced, but to a lesser extent than incomes. Poor households appear to smooth their food consumption by reducing the consumption of non-food items; in particular health and education, and this suggests potentially long-term adverse consequences. Given the limits of our methodology and the paucity of research, we find no consistent patterns in long-term outcomes. We place disaster risk to the poor within the context of sustainable development and future climatic change.  Our objective In Chapter Three is to identify all of the directly observable determinants’ of publicly allocated and realized spending for disaster risk reduction (DRR) at the local government (sub-district) level in Bangladesh. We employ the Heckman two-stage selection model with detailed public finance and other data from 483 sub-districts (Upazilas) across the country. While some of our results conform with our priors, our estimations surprisingly find that government does not respond to the sub-district’s risk exposure as a factor affecting the DRR financing mechanism. This variable is consistently counter-intuitively statistically insignificant. The DRR regional allocations do not seem to be determined by risk and exposure, only weakly by vulnerability, nor even by more transparent political economy motivations.  In Chapter Four, we examine the short-run economic impacts of recurrent flooding on Bangladeshi households surveyed in 2000, 2005 and 2010. In 2010 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), households answered a set of questions’ on whether they were affected by flood and its likely impacts. We identify two treatment (affected) groups by using the self-reported data and historical rainfall data based flood risk index. We estimate a difference-in-difference (DID) model to quantify the impacts on income, expenditure, asset and labour market outcomes and further extend our analysis to different income and expenditure brackets. Overall, we find robust evidence of negative impacts on agricultural income and expenditure. Intriguingly, the extreme poor (i.e. the bottom 15th quintile) experience significant positive impacts on agricultural income in the self-reported treatment case.</p>

ICT Affordability and Coping With Disaster

2018 ◽  
pp. 212-226
Author(s):  
Carl Adams ◽  
Sam Takavarasha Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Perspective

This chapter explores the impact of a disaster on communities from a development perspective and the corresponding importance of access to ICT. Poorer communities are often most vulnerable to disasters, a situation that can affect the economic development of such communities for decades. The chapter uses the UN's Sendai framework to emphasize the role of ICT in supporting communities throughout the different stages of disaster situations, towards long-term recovery and development. Some key themes emerge in the chapter, notably access to technology is a key support mechanism; a longer-term temporal perspective of such disasters indicates there are likely to be different waves of “disaster” refugees; the initial ones being classed as humanitarian migrants with all the humanitarian supports that they attract; whereas longer term any resulting “refugees” would more likely be classed as economic migrants. The chapter also explores longer term support mechanisms such as the role of remittances.

Global Environment and International Inequality

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Shue
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Industrial Activity ◽  
International Inequality ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rich Countries

My aim is to establish that three commonsense principles of fairness, none of them dependent upon controversial philosophical theories of justice, give rise to the same conclusion about the allocation of the costs of protecting the environment. Poor states and rich states have long dealt with each other primarily upon unequal terms. The imposition of unequal terms has been relatively easy for the rich states because they have rarely needed to ask for the voluntary cooperation of the less powerful poor states. Now the rich countries have realized that their own industrial activity has been destroying the ozone in the earth’s atmosphere and has been making far and away the greatest contribution to global warming. They would like the poor states to avoid adopting the same form of industrialization by which they themselves became rich. It is increasingly clear that if poor states pursue their own economic development with the same disregard for the natural environment and the economic welfare of other states that rich states displayed in the past during their development, everyone will continue to suffer the effects of environmental destruction. Consequently, it is at least conceivable that rich states might now be willing to consider dealing cooperatively on equitable terms with poor states in a manner that gives due weight to both the economic development of poor states and the preservation of the natural environment. If we are to have any hope of pursuing equitable cooperation, we must try to arrive at a consensus about what equity means. And we need to define equity not as a vague abstraction but concretely and specifically in the context of both development of the economy in poor states and preservation of the environment everywhere. What diplomats and lawyers call equity incorporates important aspects of what ordinary people everywhere call fairness. The concept of fairness is neither Eastern nor Western, Northern nor Southern, but universal. People everywhere understand what it means to ask whether an arrangement is fair or biased toward some parties over other parties.

Projected long-term productivity in Saskatchewan hybrid poplar plantations: weed competition and fertilizer effects

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Welham ◽  
Ken Van Rees ◽  
Brad Seely ◽  
Hamish Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Poor Site

An ecosystem management model was used to project total aboveground and belowground production in hybrid poplar plantations for two sites in Saskatchewan that were previously in agricultural production and that differed in their soil organic matter and nitrogen content (categorized as poor and rich sites). Stemwood production (the primary measure of treatment response) was always negatively affected by the competition that resulted when weeds were abundant; the effect was more severe on the poor than on the rich site. Stemwood biomass was greater when weed competition was low, but peak production declined over successive rotations on both sites, regardless of whether fertilizer was used. Fertilization always enhanced stemwood production but less so on the rich than on the poor site. A single fertilizer application in the second or seventh year after plantation establishment resulted in consistently higher stemwood production than midrotation fertilization (year 12). Fertilization was more beneficial to stemwood production when weed competition was high than when it was low. Low weed competition in conjunction with early fertilization produced the highest stemwood production. The simulations indicate that the relative benefit of a given management regime cannot be considered independently of the site nutrient status and the particular rotation.

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