scholarly journals Epizootic situation with infectious and invasive diseases in fishery of LLC “Nikolaev RMS”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (103) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
V. V. Senechyn ◽  
R. S. Oseredchuk ◽  
E. O. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Hydrochemical Studies ◽  
Selection Of

Most fish farms in their economic activities for the reproduction and cultivation of fish rely on the use of a set of intensification measures, but, despite them, the spread of infectious and invasive diseases and the deterioration of the epizootic condition does not stop. Fish farms are most exposed to pathogenic effects, as they specialize in raising young fish, which is more susceptible to this type of disease. During the growing season, we conducted hydrobiological and hydrochemical studies, analyzed the epizootic state of the farm, and identified the intensity of the spread of invasive fish diseases in summer and autumn. Because invasive diseases complicate the process of reproduction and rearing of fish, which primarily leads to refusal of food, reducing the intensity of its growth, the death of a large number of aquatic organisms, which causes significant economic losses in the production process. The main purpose of the work was: identifying pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases to identify them; establishing the intensity of infection; selection of methods of fish treatment and disease prevention in the carp farm of Mykolayivska RMS LLC and Babin-Ryba fish farm. Studies have shown that a significant proportion of fish was affected by pathogens of the class Sestoidea (cestodes): Khawia sinensis (caviosis), Caryophyllosis (karyophilosis) in all age groups, Dyplostomums pathaceum (diplostomosis), Trichodina domerguei forma acdose and three others. (ligulosis), Lernaeosis (Lerniosis), Bothriocephalus acheloignati (botryocephalus). To control the incidence of fish used cestozol, which contains 70 % niclosamide and 30 % levamisole, which helped to overcome the source of infection and curb the incidence. To prevent the occurrence of such phenomena in the future economy, it is recommended to strictly follow the veterinary and sanitary rules and regulations provided by the technological processes of reproduction and cultivation of fish.

scholarly journals Epizootic situation and peculiarity the course nematodes of the digestive canal of sheep of the in the conditions of economies Kyev region

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
V. MELNYCHUK ◽  
A. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Invasive Diseases ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
Successful Control ◽  
Selection Of

Nematodoses of the sheep’s digestive tract is distributed both in Ukraine and abroad. Pathogens of these diseases in the form of monoinvasions, as well as associative with other invasive diseases, cause sheep farms considerable economic losses. Systematic monitoring studies that are carried out to establish a helminthofauna specific to a particular region are a key to successful control of parasitic diseases. Information on the species composition of pathogens causing invasive diseases in animals in the territory of a certain region, allows us to conduct scientifically based selection of drugs and to conduct effective, cost-based treatment and prevention measures. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to establish the distribution of nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep and their peculiarities in the conditions of sheep farms in the territory of the Kyiv region (Central region of Ukraine). The research was conducted in conditions of sheep farms in the Kyiv region (Baryshivka, Bila Tserkva, Zghurivka, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Skvyra, Tarashcha, Fastiv and Yahotyn districts). Helminthoscopy of fecal samples was performed using the McMaster’s method. As a result of scatoscopy diagnostics of sheep, a considerable distribution of nematodoses of the digestive canal was established on the territory of the Kyiv region (the severity of the invasion was 48.79 %). According to the morphological features of eggs isolated from faeces of sick animals, parasitization of nematodes from three sequences was established: Strongylata (38.98 %), Trichocephalata (33.36 %), and Rhabditata (27.66 %). It was registered that the sheep farming of the Bila Tserkva, Yahotyn and Zghurivka districts (EI – 61.49, 59.73 and 54.17 % respectively) were the most unfavorable for nematodoses of the digestive tract. The disease was registered in the form of both mono- and mixinvasions. The associative course of diseases (75.03 % of the total number of diseased animals) was dominant with two-, three-, four-, and five-component associations of sheep parasite pathogens (47.63, 35.47, 11.50 and 5.40 % in accordance). It has been established that nematodoses of the digestive canal of sheep (strongylates of the digestive canal, strongyloides and trichiuruses) are in the composition of mixinvasions, the sympathizers of which are: eimeries, moniezies, and melofagoses in various combinations. Key words: nematodoses, strongylatoses of the digestive canal, trichiuruses, strongyloides, scatoscopy research.

Assessment of the Dietary Intakes of 6- and 12-Month-Old Infants in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Riyadh A. Alzaheb ◽  
Norah Alatawi ◽  
Khawla A. Daoud ◽  
Naema Altawil
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Adequate Nutrient ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract.Background: Establishing understanding of infants’ dietary intakes can support interventions to improve their diets and overall health. Because information on the dietary intakes of infants aged ≤12 months in Saudi Arabia is scarce, this study examined the diets of infants aged 6 and 12 months in Saudi Arabia and determined their main dietary sources of total energy and macronutrients. Methods: A crosssectional dietary survey employing a single 24-hour recall was performed between May and December 2015 with a sample of mothers of 278 healthy 6-month-old and 259 12-month-old infants. An analysis of the dietary intake data determined the nutrient intake adequacy and the percentage contributions of foods to energy and macronutrient intakes. Results: The respective mean daily energy intakes of the 6-month-old and 12-month-old infants in the study were 703 kcal and 929 kcal. Both age groups recorded adequate nutrient intakes, with the exception that the 6-month-olds’ mean vitamin D intake fell below the recommended Adequate Intake (AI), and the 12-month-olds’ intakes of omega-6 fatty acids and vitamin D were also below the AI, along with their iron intake which fell short of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Conclusion: The data generated here will assist health professionals in planning interventions which aim to improve infants’ diets and to offer guidance to parents on the appropriate selection of food for their infants.

The Adult as Foe or Friend?: Childism in Guus Kuijer's Criticism and Fiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Memorial Award ◽  
Adult Reader ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

Compared to the attention that children's literature scholars have paid to the construction of childhood in children's literature and the role of adults as authors, mediators and readers of children's books, few researchers have made a systematic study of adults as characters in children's books. This article analyses the construction of adulthood in a selection of texts by the Dutch author and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award winner Guus Kuijer and connects them with Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's recent concept of ‘childism’ – a form of prejudice targeted against children. Whereas Kuijer published a severe critique of adulthood in Het geminachte kind [The despised child] (1980), in his literary works he explores a variety of positions that adults can take towards children, with varying degrees of childist features. Such a systematic and comparative analysis of the way grown-ups are characterised in children's texts helps to shed light on a didactic potential that materialises in different adult subject positions. After all, not only literary and artistic aspects of children's literature may be aimed at the adult reader (as well as the child), but also the didactic aspect of children's books can cross over between different age groups.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
E. V. DMITRIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crisis Situations

The article considers topical issues of economic support for the development of the regional security system of the population against various risks. The dependence of the impact of the scale of crisis situations on economic activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which become a serious barrier to the sustainable development of the regions of the country, was investigated. The increasing importance of risks of economic losses from accidents and disasters at potentially dangerous facilities as a result of the complex influence of natural, manmade and fire factors has been established. An analysis was carried out and proposals were developed to implement the key tasks of the state in the field of ensuring the protection of the population and territories of the country from disasters in order to ensure the stability of the economy. The organizational structure, division of tasks and functions between officials, crisis management structures and responding units were analyzed, taking into account the reduction in current financial costs. On the basis of a study of the peculiarities of the regions of the country, recommendations were formed to fulfill the necessary tasks by the anti-crisis management bodies in the field of reducing economic damage on the basis of preventing crisis situations and ensuring fire safety. It is proposed to organize the practical application of a complex automated security system based on modern developments with the application of improving the qualities and efficiency of anti-crisis management processes in order to increase economic efficiency. Initial data were formed to reduce potential threats of a natural, man-made, fire and other nature in the regions using financial and economic mechanisms. It is proposed to implement a set of priority measures to further improve and increase the potential of economic support for the anti-crisis management system. The materials of the article can be used in planning the main directions of the development of the regional population security system and the implementation of socio-economic development programs.

scholarly journals Two-Way Contact Network Modeling for Identifying the Route of COVID-19 Community Transmission

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Sung Jin Lee ◽  
Sang Eun Lee ◽  
Ji-On Kim ◽  
Gi Bum Kim
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Transmission Route ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Centrality Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, we address the problem originated from the fact that “The Corona 19 Epidemiological Research Support System,” developed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is limited to analyzing the Global Positioning System (GPS) information of the confirmed COVID-19 cases alone. Consequently, we study a method that the authority predicts the transmission route of COVID-19 between visitors in the community from a spatiotemporal perspective. This method models a contact network around the first confirmed case, allowing the health authorities to conduct tests on visitors after an outbreak of COVID-19 in the community. After securing the GPS data of community visitors, it traces back to the past from the time the first confirmed case occurred and creates contact clusters at each time step. This is different from other researches that focus on identifying the movement paths of confirmed patients by forward tracing. The proposed method creates the contact network by assigning weights to each contact cluster based on the degree of proximity between contacts. Identifying the source of infection in the contact network can make us predict the transmission route between the first confirmed case and the source of infection and classify the contacts on the transmission route. In this experiment, we used 64,073 simulated data for 100 people and extracted the transmission route and a top 10 list for centrality analysis. The contacts on the route path can be quickly designated as a priority for COVID-19 testing. In addition, it is possible for the authority to extract the subjects with high influence from the centrality theory and use them for additional COVID-19 epidemic investigation that requires urgency. This model is expected to be used in the epidemic investigation requiring the quick selection of close contacts.

scholarly journals Why does the spread of COVID-19 vary greatly in different countries? Revealing the efficacy of face masks in epidemic prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jincheng Wei ◽  
Shurui Guo ◽  
Enshen Long ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Bizhen Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measure ◽  
Source Of Infection

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by it has forced many countries to adopt ‘lockdown’ measures to prevent the spread of the epidemic through social isolation of citizens. Some countries proposed universal mask wearing as a protection measure of public health to strengthen national prevention efforts and to limit the wider spread of the epidemic. In order to reveal the epidemic prevention efficacy of masks, this paper systematically evaluates the experimental studies of various masks and filter materials, summarises the general characteristics of the filtration efficiency of isolation masks with particle size, and reveals the actual efficacy of masks by combining the volume distribution characteristics of human exhaled droplets with different particle sizes and the SARS-CoV-2 virus load of nasopharynx and throat swabs from patients. The existing measured data show that the filtration efficiency of all kinds of masks for large particles and extra-large droplets is close to 100%. From the perspective of filtering the total number of pathogens discharged in the environment and protecting vulnerable individuals from breathing live viruses, the mask has a higher protective effect. If considering the weighted average filtration efficiency with different particle sizes, the filtration efficiencies of the N95 mask and the ordinary mask are 99.4% and 98.5%, respectively. The mask can avoid releasing active viruses to the environment from the source of infection, thus maximising the protection of vulnerable individuals by reducing the probability of inhaling a virus. Therefore, if the whole society strictly implements the policy of publicly wearing masks, the risk of large-scale spread of the epidemic can be greatly reduced. Compared with the overall cost of social isolation, limited personal freedoms and forced suspension of economic activities, the inconvenience for citizens caused by wearing masks is perfectly acceptable.

scholarly journals Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Marx ◽  
Genevieve Moseley ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Felice Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Influence of Patient Age on Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Causing Invasive Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Inostroza ◽  
Ana Maria Vinet ◽  
Gloria Retamal ◽  
Pedro Lorca ◽  
Gonzalo Ossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sterile Site ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT All clinical S. pneumoniae specimens isolated from patients with invasive or sterile-site infections admitted to one regional general hospital in southern Chile were collected during a 5-year period (February 1994 to September 1999). A total of 247 strains belonging to 50 serotypes were isolated in this survey: 69 in patients under 5 years of age, 129 in patients 5 to 64 years old, and 49 from patients 65 years and older. Eight serotypes were identified in all age groups, while all other serotypes were found exclusively in one age group or in patients over 4 years of age. Serotype 3 was never found in patients under 5 years old, and serotype 14 was not found in patients >64 years of age. There was no difference in the serotypes causing infection in each one of the 5 years of the survey. Our results suggest that both bacterial virulence factors and host factors play an important role in the selection of S. pneumoniae serotypes causing invasive infection. Possible host factors include age-related differences in the immune response. Comparative studies with other areas of the world may help to further understanding of our observations in southern Chile.

scholarly journals The Role and Importance of Brand in the Marketing of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Kosovo

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Fatos Ukaj
Keyword(s):  
Influential Factors ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Physical Product ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Nowadays, every branch of economic activities is a subject of the various influences in which they cannot have an impact. The capabilities of an enterprise to have a significant impact on business environments can be done through the creation of their own brand. Hence, this has become a tool for the identification of its products and enterprises. Enterprises have exploited brand as a means by which businesses have improved their own turnover, competitive position in the market, and winning the loyalty of their consumers. In Kosovo, there is an increasing trend of enterprises in creating a brand for their own products. Thus, this gives them a higher possibility for identification by the consumers, fosters the development of marketing policies, and provides them the opportunity to break through new markets. The scope of this paper is to determine the importance and rationale for the creation of certain brands. It was able to achieve this through a research of perception for the brands by consumers, as well as finding out grounds and influential factors during their selection of certain brands. The data acquired have proved that there are some advantages of enterprises that have a well-known brand. Also, the various factors which influence customer’s decision include physical product handling features, good experiences, packaging, warranty, etc. The data presented will help in the future for an increase in awareness on the importance of branding in the practice of enterprises. Therefore, this is with the aim of creating a good image for the products as well as enterprises.</p>

Chronic Urticaria: A Canadian Perspective on Patterns and Practical Management Strategies

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasdeep K. Sharma ◽  
Robert Miller ◽  
Scott Murray
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Allergy Test ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Chronic urticaria is a common condition and is a source of great frustration to patients. It has been suggested that there may be differences among physicians in their approach to this common clinical entity. Objective and Method: A questionnaire was distributed Canada-wide to allergists, dermatologists, and a selection of practitioners with an interest in alternative medicine. The survey included questions on demographics, epidemiology, causative factors, diagnostic methods, therapeutic strategies, follow-up advice, and efficacy of therapies, with emphasis on personal experience. Results: The response rates of allergists and dermatologists were 31% and 36%, respectively. There was wide representation from all regions of Canada and from physicians from all age groups, both genders, different types of practice, and years in practice. The reported incidence per month was 13 and 4 patients for allergists and dermatologists, respectively. The prevalence was 199 and 44 patients by allergists and dermatologists, respectively. Comparison of causative factors showed differences in the experiences of the two groups. Diagnostic investigations were requested in a similar pattern with respect to timing. The specific tests ordered by the groups showing statistical difference were complete blood count (CBC), differential, C4 complement, antinuclear antibodies, and IgE antibody assay. Allergists chose the skin prick test (100%) as the most important allergy test. Dermatologists ranked skin prick (50%), radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (20%), and skin patch (30%) as the most important tests. The top six choices of pharmaceutical therapies chosen by the groups were similar, but in a slightly different order. The responders ranked their personal selection of antihistamines according to effectiveness. Hydroxyzine (Atarax®) and cetirizine (Reactine®, Allegra®) were selected as first and second most effective agents by both groups. The results also show effective experience by both groups with nonsedating and sedating antihistamines. Also, doxepin, ketotifen, and cimetidine are used frequently by both groups. The experience of dermatologists in Canada with respect to other modalities including psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy, danazol, chelation, calcium channel blockers, and acyclovir is limited and efficacy is ranked either neutral or ineffective. Allergists reported even less experience with these therapies. Conclusion: Allergists and dermatologists across Canada show interesting similarities and differences in their practical approach to the management of chronic urticaria. With the sharing of this information, these two specialties will be better equipped to effectively manage patients suffering from chronic urticaria.

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