scholarly journals Factibilidad de integrar split-drain MAGFETs con alta sensibilidad en tecnología CMOS

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-12

Factibilidad de integrar split-drain MAGFETs con alta sensibilidad en tecnología CMOS Feasibility to integrate high-sensitivity split-drain MAGFETs in CMOS technology Gerard Franz Santillán Quiñonez, Víctor H. Champac Vilela y Roberto S. Murphy Arteaga Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus UniversitárioTrindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil, C.P. 88040900, e-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Electrónica, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Sta. Ma. Tonantzintla, Puebla, México, C.P. 72840. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2011.0015/ RESUMEN La factibilidad de un Split-Drain MAGFET como sensor magnético ha sido explorada con diversas metodologías, pero sin aprovechar más de un efecto galvanomagnético simultáneamente. Unificando trabajos realizados teórica y experimentalmente, modelos analíticos continuos para la relación entre las fuerzas actuando en la dirección de deflexión y el ángulo de Hall, así como criterios de diseño para incrementar la sensibilidad de un Split-Drain MAGFET son presentados. El análisis propuesto muestra que es posible aprovechar los efectos de deflexión de las líneas de corriente y de magnetorresistencia para incrementar la sensibilidad en un Split-Drain MAGFET. Con un Split-Drain MAGFET con canal considerado como plato de Hall corto, sensibilidades de hasta 59 %/T han sido obtenidas experimentalmente midiendo densidades de flujo magnético desde 90 µT hasta 275 µT. Esto es posible debido a la contribución de los dos efectos galvanomagnéticos considerados. Adicionalmente, un macro modelo SPICE para un Split-Drain MAGFET es propuesto para facilitar su uso en circuitos de mayor complejidad. Con respecto a los resultados experimentales obtenidos, el macro modelo SPICE propuesto tiene un error <1.6 % generando el desbalance entre las corrientes de drenaje. Como un Split-Drain MAGFET es compatible con tecnología CMOS, dominante en circuitos integrados, los resultados obtenidos muestran que es factible usarlo como sensor magnético en sistemas integrados CMOS de alta complejidad, lo cual puede abrir un amplio rango de aplicaciones con bajo costo. Descriptores: MAGFET, split-drain MAGFET, efectos galvanomagnéticos, efecto Hall, magnetorresistencia, sensor magnético. ABSTRACT The feasibility of a Split-Drain MAGFET as magnetic sensor has been explored with several methodologies, but without simultaneously advantaging more than one galvanomagnetic effect. Unifying theorically and experimentally developed works, continuous analytical models for the relationship between forces acting in the deflection direction and for the Hall angle, as well as design criteria to increase the sensitivity of a Split-Drain MAGFET are presented. The proposed analysis shows that it is possible to take advantage of the current-lines deflection and magnetoresistance effects in order to increase the sensitivity of a Split-Drain MAGFET. With a Split-Drain MAGFET with a channel considered as a short Hall plate, sensitivities up to 59%/T have been experimentally obtained measuring magnetic flux densities from 90 µT to 275 µT. This is possible due to the contribution of the two considered galvanomagnetic effects. Additionally, a SPICE macro model for a SplitDrain MAGFET is proposed to facilitate its use in more complex circuits. With respect to the obtained experimental results, the proposed SPICE macro model has an error <1.6 % generating the drain current imbalance. Since a Split-Drain MAGFET is compatible with CMOS technology, dominating in integrated circuits, the obtained results show that it is feasible to use it as magnetic sensor in CMOS integrated systems of high complexity, which opens a wide range of low cost applications. Keywords: MAGFET, split-drain MAGFET, galvanomagnetic effects, Hall effect, magnetoresistance, magnetic sensor.

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1828-1833
Author(s):  
Fabio A. Deorsola ◽  
P. Mossino ◽  
Ignazio Amato ◽  
Bruno DeBenedetti ◽  
A. Bonavita ◽  
...  

Nanostructured semiconductor metal oxides have played a central role in the gas sensing research field, because of their high sensitivity, selectivity and low response time. Among all the processes, developed for the synthesis of nanostructured metal oxides, gel combustion seems to be the most promising route due to low-cost precursors and simplicity of the process. It combines chemical gelation and combustion, involving the formation of a gel from an acqueous solution and an exothermic redox reaction, yielding to very porous and softly agglomerated nanopowders. In this work, nanostructured tin oxide, SnO2, and titanium oxide, TiO2, have been synthesized through gel combustion. Powders showed nanometric particle size and high specific surface area. The so-obtained TiO2 and SnO2 nanopowders have been used as sensitive element of resistive λ sensor and ethanol sensor respectively, realized depositing films of nanopowders dispersed in water onto alumina substrates provided with Pt contacts and heater. TiO2-based sensors showed at high temperature good response, fast response time, linearity in a wide range of O2 concentration and long-term stability. SnO2-based sensors have shown high sensitivity to low concentrations of ethanol at moderate temperature.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 3465
Author(s):  
Jianli Cui ◽  
Xueli Nan ◽  
Guirong Shao ◽  
Huixia Sun

Researchers are showing an increasing interest in high-performance flexible pressure sensors owing to their potential uses in wearable electronics, bionic skin, and human–machine interactions, etc. However, the vast majority of these flexible pressure sensors require extensive nano-architectural design, which both complicates their manufacturing and is time-consuming. Thus, a low-cost technology which can be applied on a large scale is highly desirable for the manufacture of flexible pressure-sensitive materials that have a high sensitivity over a wide range of pressures. This work is based on the use of a three-dimensional elastic porous carbon nanotubes (CNTs) sponge as the conductive layer to fabricate a novel flexible piezoresistive sensor. The synthesis of a CNTs sponge was achieved by chemical vapor deposition, the basic underlying principle governing the sensing behavior of the CNTs sponge-based pressure sensor and was illustrated by employing in situ scanning electron microscopy. The CNTs sponge-based sensor has a quick response time of ~105 ms, a high sensitivity extending across a broad pressure range (less than 10 kPa for 809 kPa−1) and possesses an outstanding permanence over 4,000 cycles. Furthermore, a 16-pixel wireless sensor system was designed and a series of applications have been demonstrated. Its potential applications in the visualizing pressure distribution and an example of human–machine communication were also demonstrated.


Radiation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Roy Shor ◽  
Yael Nemirovsky

This study focuses on a CMOS sensing system for Radon and alpha radiation, which is based on a semiconductor device that is integrated monolithically on a single chip with the Readout Circuitry, thus allowing fabrication of a low-power and low-cost sensing system. The new sensor is based on a new mosaic design of an array of Floating Gate non-volatile memory-like transistors, which are implemented in a standard CMOS technology, with a single polysilicon layer. The transistors are electrically combined in parallel and are operated at subthreshold, thus achieving very high sensitivity and reduced noise. The sensing system’s architecture and design is presented, along with key operation concepts, characterization, and analysis results. Alpha and radon exposure results are compared to commercial radon detectors. The new sensor, dubbed TODOS-Radon sensor, measures continuously, is battery operated and insensitive to humidity.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 6852
Author(s):  
Fatima Ezahra Annanouch ◽  
Virginie Martini ◽  
Tomas Fiorido ◽  
Bruno Lawson ◽  
Khalifa Aguir ◽  
...  

In this paper, we report the fabrication and characterization of a portable transdermal alcohol sensing device via a human finger, using tin dioxide (SnO2) chemoresistive gas sensors. Compared to conventional detectors, this non-invasive technique allowed us the continuous monitoring of alcohol with low cost and simple fabrication process. The sensing layers used in this work were fabricated by using the reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. Their structure and morphology were investigated by means of X-ray spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results indicated that the annealing time has an important impact on the sensor sensitivity. Before performing the transdermal measurements, the sensors were exposed to a wide range of ethanol concentrations and the results displayed good responses with high sensitivity, stability, and a rapid detection time. Moreover, against high relative humidity (50% and 70%), the sensors remained resistant by showing a slight change in their gas sensing performances. A volunteer (an adult researcher from our volunteer group) drank 50 mL of tequila in order to realize the transdermal alcohol monitoring. Fifteen minutes later, the volunteer’s skin started to evacuate alcohol and the sensor resistance began to decline. Simultaneously, breath alcohol measurements were attained using a DRAGER 6820 certified breathalyzer. The results demonstrated a clear correlation between the alcohol concentration in the blood, breath, and via perspiration, which validated the embedded transdermal alcohol device reported in this work.


Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Zhen Gu ◽  
Jing-Jing Luo ◽  
Le-Wei Ding ◽  
Bing-Yong Yan ◽  
Jia-Le Zhou ◽  
...  

Digital microfluidic (DMF) has been a unique tool for manipulating micro-droplets with high flexibility and accuracy. To extend the application of DMF for automatic and in-site detection, it is promising to introduce colorimetric sensing based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have advantages including high sensitivity, label-free, biocompatibility, and easy surface modification. However, there is still a lack of studies for investigating the movement and stability of AuNPs for in-site detection on the electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Herein, to demonstrate the ability of DMF for colorimetric sensing with AuNPs, we investigated the electrowetting property of the AuNPs droplets on the hydrophobic interface of the DMF chip and examined the stability of the AuNPs on DMF as well as the influence of evaporation to the colorimetric sensing. As a result, we found that the electrowetting of AuNPs fits to a modified Young–Lippmann equation, which suggests that a higher voltage is required to actuate AuNPs droplets compared with actuating water droplets. Moreover, the stability of AuNPs was maintained during the processing of electrowetting. We also proved that the evaporation of droplets has a limited influence on the detections that last several minutes. Finally, a model experiment for the detection of Hg2+ was carried out with similar results to the detections in bulk solution. The proposed method can be further extended to a wide range of AuNPs-based detection for label-free, automatic, and low-cost detection of small molecules, biomarkers, and metal ions.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Shaoyi Xu ◽  
Qiang Peng ◽  
Fangfang Xing ◽  
Hongyu Xue ◽  
Junwen Sun ◽  
...  

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a compact current sensor based on magnetostrictive composites and resistance strain gauges. Firstly, we designed three kinds of current sensors with different structures, in which the shape of the giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) was cuboid, cylindrical, and semi-cylindrical. A set of finite element method (FEM) simulations were performed to qualitatively guide the design of three prototypes of the current sensor. It was determined that the most ideal shape of the GMM was semi-cylindrical. Secondly, Terfenol-D (TD) powder and epoxy resin were mixed to prepare magnetostrictive composites. In this paper, magnetostrictive composites with different particle size ranges and mass ratio were prepared and tested. The results show that the magnetostrictive composites had the best performance when the particle size range was 149–500 μm and the mass ratio of epoxy resin to TD powder was 1:5. Finally, this paper tested the performance of the sensor. The sensitivity, repeatability, and linear working range of the sensor reached 0.104 με/A, 2.51%, and 100–900 A respectively, when only 0.31 g of TD powder was employed. This means that current measurement with low cost, high sensitivity, and wide range was realized.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawar Abbas ◽  
Ayman Rezk ◽  
Fatmah Alkindi ◽  
Irfan Saadat ◽  
Ammar Nayfeh ◽  
...  

Abstract Silicon (Si)-based photodetectors are appealing candidates due to their low cost and compatibility with the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The nanoscale devices based on Si can contribute efficiently in the field of photodetectors. In this report, we investigate the photodetection capability of nano-Schottky junctions using gold (Au) coated conductive atomic force microscope (C-AFM) tips, and highly cleaned n-Si substrate interface. The Au nanotip/n-Si interface forms the proposed structure of a nano Schottky diode based photodetector. The electrical characteristics measured at the nanoscale junction with different Au nanotip radii show that the tunneling current increases with decreasing the tip radius. Moreover, the tunneling process and photodetection effects are discussed in terms of barrier width/height decrease at the tip-semiconductor interface due to the applied electric field as well as the generation of plasmon-induced hot-electron at the nanoparticle (i.e. C-AFM tip)/n-Si interface. Furthermore, the photodetection sensitivity is investigated and it is found to be higher for C-AFM tips with smaller radii. Moreover, this research will open a new path for the miniaturization of photodetectors with high sensitivity based on nano-Schottky interfaces.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1107 ◽  
pp. 514-519
Author(s):  
Umar Faruk Shuib ◽  
Khairul Anuar Mohamad ◽  
Afishah Alias ◽  
Tamer A. Tabet ◽  
Bablu K. Gosh ◽  
...  

As organic transistors are preparing to make improvements towards flexible and low cost electronics applications, the analytical models and simulation methods were demanded to predict the optimized performance and circuit design. In this paper, we investigated the analytical model of an organic transistor device and simulate the output and transfer characteristics of the device using MATLAB tools for different channel length (L) of the organic transistor. In the simulation, the Pool-Frenkel mobility model was used to represent the conductive channel of organic transistor. The different channel length has been simulated with the value of 50 μm, 10 μm and 5 μm. This research paper analyses the performance of organic thin film transistor (TFT) for top contact bottom gate device. From the simulation, drain current of organic transistor was increased as the channel length decreased. Other extraction value such sub-threshold and current on/off ratio is 0.41 V and 21.1 respectively. Thus, the simulation provides significant extraction of information about the behaviour of the organic thin film transistor.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Guang Gao ◽  
Ling-Xiao Cheng ◽  
Wen-Shuai Jiang ◽  
Xiao-Kuan Li ◽  
Fei Xing

Being the first successfully prepared two-dimensional material, graphene has attracted extensive attention from researchers due to its excellent properties and extremely wide range of applications. In particular, graphene and its derivatives have displayed several ideal properties, including broadband light absorption, ability to quench fluorescence, excellent biocompatibility, and strong polarization-dependent effects, thus emerging as one of the most popular platforms for optical sensors. Graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors have numerous advantages, such as high sensitivity, low-cost, fast response time, and small dimensions. In this review, recent developments in graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors are summarized, covering aspects related to fluorescence, graphene-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical fiber biological sensors, and other kinds of graphene-based optical sensors. Various sensing applications, such as single-cell detection, cancer diagnosis, protein, and DNA sensing, are introduced and discussed systematically. Finally, a summary and roadmap of current and future trends are presented in order to provide a prospect for the development of graphene and its derivatives-based optical sensors.


Author(s):  
Youssef Ahmed Mobarak ◽  
Moamen Atef

<span>The potential impact of high permittivity gate dielectrics on thin film transistors short channel and circuit performance has been studied using <a name="OLE_LINK110"></a><a name="OLE_LINK118"></a>highly accurate analytical models. In addition, the gate-to-channel capacitance and parasitic fringe capacitances have been extracted. The suggested model in this paper has been <a name="OLE_LINK37"></a><a name="OLE_LINK36"></a>increased the surface potential and decreased the <a name="OLE_LINK93"></a><a name="OLE_LINK92"></a>threshold voltage, whenever the conventional silicon dioxide gate dielectric<a name="OLE_LINK290"></a><a name="OLE_LINK280"></a> is replaced by high-K gate dielectric novel nanocomposite PVP/La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>K<sub>ox</sub>=25. Also, it has been investigated that a decrease in parasitic outer fringe capacitance and gate-to-channel capacitance, whenever the conventional silicon nitride is replaced by low-K gate sidewall spacer dielectric novel nanocomposite PTFE/SiO<sub>2</sub>K<sub>sp</sub>=2.9. Finally, it has been demonstrated that using low-K gate sidewalls with high-K gate insulators can be decreased the gate fringing field and threshold voltage. In addition, fabrication of nanocomposites from polymers and nano-oxide particles found to have potential candidates for using it in a wide range of applications in low cost due to low process temperature of these nanocomposites materials.</span>


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