Jhum Cultivation Influence the Degradation of Hilly Environment

This study was designed to identify the status of shifting (jhum) cultivation and its impact on environment in Rangamati district. A total 55 jhum cultivators were selected on the basis of purposive sampling technique from 5 upazillas of Rangamati district. Data were collected during the period October to December, 2009. The researcher collected information himself using direct and open questionnaire. The study revealed that most of the jhum cultivators were middle age (30-50 years), with illiterate (47.27%) and main occupation possessing jhum cultivation. The present status of agricultural land (hill/slope) of jhumia family in the studied area, about 60% of the respondents have only 1-2 acres of land for jhum cultivation and 25% of the respondents have 2.1-3 acres of land. The use of agro-chemical remains limited in the CHT. This is mainly because of financial constraints, lack of market access, and low requirement of chemical for traditional jhum cultivation. The maximum percentage of irrigation (74.55%) was mainly depended on rainfed in jhum cultivation. On the other hand about 45.55% respondents were responded that their income status were medium through shifting cultivation, 30.90% were responded high. Similarly in the study area it was found that a majority (45.45%) portion of respondents were responded that labour utilization in shifting cultivation was medium. This study also found that the environment was degraded gradually day by day. The maximum respondents (94.55%) had given opinion that deforestation was the major environmental problem created by shifting cultivation, 74.55% respondents had given opinion that shifting cultivation accelerated loss of top soil and 60.00% respondents had given opinion that lost of wild animals was occurring due to shifting cultivation. Biodiversity also degraded mostly. Excluding shifting cultivation there were many reasons of environmental degradation in the study area. Population growth is considered by 90% of the respondents as a major factor causing severe degradation of environment. Indiscriminate forest fire was responsible for environmental degradation. In addition cutting of hill, collection of soil, and extraction of stone, river erosion and land slide as responsible for degradation of environment. The study recommended that new methods must be developed, applied, and tested for sustainable management of jhum cultivation and environmental protection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14840 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(2): 339-344 2012

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Impact of Environmental Degradation on Human Health

International Research Journal of Management IT and Social Sciences ◽

10.21744/irjmis.v3i1.82 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

_______ Archana ◽

Charu Datta ◽

Pratibha Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Environmental Degradation ◽

Human Population ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Population Increase ◽

Human Beings ◽

The People ◽

Wide Range ◽

Different Types ◽

Economic Institute ◽

Day By Day

Degradation of environment is one of the most serious challenges before the mankind in today’s world. Mankind has been facing a wide range of problem arising out of the degradation of environment. Not only the areas under human inhabitation, but the areas of the planet without human population have also been suffering from these problems. As the population increase day by day, the amenities are not improved simultaneously. With the advancement of science and technologies the needs of human beings has been changing rapidly. As a result different types of environmental problems have been rising. Environmental degradation is a wide- reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human population is great. It may be defined the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil. The destruction of ecosystem and extinction of wildlife. Environmental degradation has occurred due to the recent activities in the field of socio-economic, institute and technology. Poverty still remains a problem as the root of several environmental problems to create awareness among the people about the ill effect of environmental pollution. In the whole research it is clear that all factors of environmental degradation may be reduced through- Framing the new laws on environmental degradation, Environment friend policy, Controlling all the ways and means of noise, air, soil and water pollution, Through growing more and more trees and by adapting the proper sanitation policy.

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Perceptions of midwives on shortage and retention of staff at a public hospital in Tshwane District

Curationis ◽

10.4102/curationis.v42i1.1952 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mosehle S. Matlala ◽

Thanyani G. Lumadi

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Design Method ◽

Quality Care ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Status ◽

Generic Qualitative ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Group Interviews ◽

The Impact

Background: Midwifery is the backbone of women and child healthcare. The shortage of staff in maternity units is a crisis faced by many countries worldwide, including South Africa.Objectives: This study aims to explore the perceptions of midwives on the shortage and retention of staff at a public institution.Method: The study was conducted at one of the tertiary hospitals in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province. A total of 11 midwives were interviewed through face-to-face and focus group interviews. An explorative, descriptive generic qualitative design method was followed, and a non-probability, purposive sampling technique was used. Thematic coding analysis was followed for analysing data.Results: The impact of shortage of midwives was reported to be directly related to poor provision of quality care as a result of increased workload, leading to low morale and burnout. The compromised autonomy of midwives in the high obstetrics dependency units devalues the status of midwives.Conclusion: Midwives are passionate about their job, despite the hurdles related to their day-to-day work environment. They are demoralised by chronic shortage of staff and feel overworked. Staff involvement in decision-making processes is a motivational factor for midwives to stay in the profession. The midwives need to be in the centre of the decision-making processes related to their profession. The revision of the scope of practice and classification of midwifery profession away from general nursing complex by the South African Nursing Council (SANC) could place midwifery in its rightful status.

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Income status of different fodder farmers in selected areas of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.3329/bjlr.v0i0.45456 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

S Islam ◽

J Begum ◽

NR Sarker ◽

M Khatun

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Income Status ◽

Fodder Production ◽

Large Farmer ◽

Green Fodder ◽

The Government ◽

Revenue Function

Producing and trading of green fodder are recognised as a profitable venture in many parts of the country, but data and information in this aspect are very scanty. The study determined the income coefficient of fodder farm households to study the fodder marketing and processing in different locations, and highlighted farmers problems related to fodder marketing and processing. In this regard, four study areas were selected from four districts viz: Dinajpur, Jessore, Kurigram and Rangpur purposively considering the concentration of fodder production and marketing. A purposive sampling technique was followed for collecting primary data from the field. In the study 3 categories of sample farmers were selected namely: i) Fodder Producer cum seller; ii) Fodder Producer cum Dairy owner having 1-2 dairy cows as small, 3-4 dairy cows as medium and 5 and above dairy cows as large farmer and iii) Fodder Middlemen. A total of 200 fodder farmers were interviewed. Field survey method and focus group discussions were followed to collect necessary data and information. Descriptive statistics and Cobb Douglas type revenue function were applied to meet the objectives and to get the desirable outputs. Functional analysis revealed that fodder sale and livestock rearing and fodder business significantly contributed to the household income of the fodder farmers and middlemen. The dairy farmers having 1-2, 3-4 and 4-5 cross-bred dairy cattle earned Tk. 1,20,227, Tk. 1,91,728 and Tk. 4,17,287, respectively, whereas local cattle earned Tk. 33, 658, Tk. 51,601 and Tk. 1,13,558, respectively from milk sell annually. It was found that fodder middlemen’s income from fodder business highest in Kurigram district and lowest in Jessore district. Fodder processing was not happened in the study areas. Main marketing channels were: (i) Producer cum seller-Dairy owner and (ii) Producer cum seller-Fodder Middlemen-Dairy owner. Fodder farmers faced various socioeconomic problems during its processing and marketing. The major problems were the lack of HYV fodder species, lack of knowledge, lack of input facilities, and lack of marketing facilities. The government should provide HYV fodder, cultivation training, preservation technique, and organized market to the fodder farmers in the study areas. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 133-141, 2018

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Some remarks about shifting cultivation in Netherlands New Guinea.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v9i1.17633 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

J.J. Reynders

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Shifting Cultivation ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Sweet Potatoes ◽

Regeneration Period ◽

Exchangeable Ca ◽

Top Soil

Analyses of limestone soils under shifting cultivation, involving the growing of sweet potatoes and laros (Colocasia escalenta) for 6-8 months and a natural regeneration period of 15-20 years followed by burning of the secondary forest, showed this system to be sound. The organic-matter content of the A1 horizon shows little variation during cultivation and regeneration, and the acidity of the top soil is directly related to exchangeable-Ca levels. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Estimasi Karbon Tersimpan pada Nekromassa Tumbuhan di Rawa Lebak Kecamatan Martapura, Kalimantan Selatan

BIOSCIENTIAE ◽

10.20527/b.v18i2.4163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Siam Melina ◽

Krisdianto Krisdianto

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Plant Part ◽

Sampling Location ◽

Living Plant ◽

Top Soil ◽

Dead Plant ◽

Potential Area

South Kalimantan is one of carbon contributor with an area of swamp with ± 1,140,207 ha area of swamp land. The potential area for changed to be an agricultural land is ± 763,207 ha, and the remain used for pool when the rainy season is come. The highest C reserve is in biomass (mass of living-plant part) and necromass (mass of dead-plant part) at the top soil, microbe, and soil-organic matter. Based on description above, the problem is how much stored-carbon in necromass of plant at martapura lowland swamp, because the largest carbon storage found in necromass of plant. The purpose of this study was to estimate the stored carbon contained in necromass of vegetation in lowland swamp. This research has been done in Martapura from April to July 2009. Sampling is done at 4 location include Tungkaran village, Keramat Baru village, Sungai Rangas village and Sungai Tabuk village. Each sampling location divided into 2 stations in one sampling. Analysis of stored-carbon in necromass of plant is using Walkey and Black Method. The result showed that average ranges of carbon stored in plant necromass are 490,95 – 1744,66 gm-2.

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AN ANALYSIS ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SHARK UTILIZATION USING FISH RESOURCES AND FISHING TECHNIQUES APPROACH IN SELAYAR ISLAND REGENCY

Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan SPERMONDE ◽

10.20956/jiks.v6i1.9901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Ziaul Haq Nawawi ◽

Natsir Nessa ◽

Dewi Yanuarita ◽

Muhammad Yusfi Yusuf ◽

Sainal Sainal

Keyword(s):

Resource Management ◽

Fisheries Management ◽

Research Method ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Fish Resources ◽

Indicator Approach ◽

The Status

The research aims to record the types of shark utilization in Selayar Islands Regency, explore the spread and shark status of the Regency of Selayar Islands, and examine the sustainability status of shark utilization by fisherman in Selayar Islands. The research method was based on the assessment of EAFM indicator assessments to assess the performance of shark resource management on Tarupa Island, Rajuni Island, Polassi Island and Kayuadi Island Selayar Islands Regency with an indicator approach involving two domains, i.e (1) Fish resources and (2) Fishing technique. The methods of obtaining the data were survey by extracting the data through interviews/questionnaire. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique. The results of the research indicate that the status of utilizing shark fishery in Selayar Islands Regency is currently in medium category. The main issues indicated are a decrease in catch size and the catch of sharks that are not feasible to catch (50% of catch <Lm). The domains that need to get primary attention in the management of sharks fisheries are the domains of fish resources and fishing technique. The efforts of management carried out in each fields are based on central issues that emerge. Connectivity efforts between communities and institutions are needed to produce functional fisheries management status so that the sustainability of shark resources in Selayar Islands Regency can be sustainable

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Beberapa Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Wanita (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Kendal)

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Komunitas ◽

10.14710/jekk.v2i1.3968 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

Siti Musyarofah ◽

Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽

Budi Laksono ◽

Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽

Lintang Dian Saraswati

Keyword(s):

Blood Donors ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Host Factors ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

The Status ◽

Number Of Sexual Partners ◽

History Of ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/AIDS are major problem that threatens Indonesia and many countries around the world. In 2011 there were 17.3 million adults living with AIDS were women. The purpose of studies proved that host and environmental factors were associated the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women. Method: The research using case-control study, was supported by indepth interview. The target population were women in Kendal with a sample of 76 women consisted of 38 women with HIV/AIDS and 38 women negative HIV. Samples case with consecutive sampling technique, control with cluster sampling. Bivariate analysis using chi-square test and multivariate analysis used logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were the number of sexual partners more than 1 (p = 0,003), level of education was low ≤ 9 years (p = 0,049) and the ﬁrst married age < 20 years (p = 0,03); environment factors signiﬁcantly associated was history of HIV/AIDS on her husband (p=0,001). Host factors were not signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were history of receiving blood donors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, the status of drug users, the habit of drinking alcohol, violence, type of job, and socioeconomic. Conclusion: Host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women were the number of sexual partners more than 1, level of education was low ≤ 9 years, and the ﬁrst married age <20 years; environment factors signiﬁcantly associated was history of HIV/AIDS on her husband. Background:HIV/AIDSaremajorproblemthatthreatensIndonesiaandmanycountriesaround theworld.In2011therewere17.3millionadultslivingwithAIDSwerewomen.Thepurposeof studiesprovedthathostandenvironmentalfactorswereassociatedtheoccurenceofHIV/AIDS inwomen.Method:Theresearchusingcase-controlstudy,wassupportedbyindepthinterview.Thetarget population were women in Kendal with a sample of 76 women consisted of 38 women with HIV/AIDSand 38 women negative HIV. Samples case with consecutive sampling technique, controlwithclustersampling.Bivariateanalysisusingchi-squaretestandmultivariateanalysis usedlogisticregression.Results: Multivariateanalysisshowedthathostfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwiththe occurenceofHIV/AIDSinwomenwerethenumberofsexualpartnersmorethan1(p=0,003), levelofeducationwaslow≤9years(p=0,049)andtheﬁrstmarriedage<20years(p=0,03); environmentfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwashistoryofHIV/AIDSonherhusband(p=0,001).HostfactorswerenotsigniﬁcantlyassociatedwiththeoccurenceofHIV/AIDSinwomen were history of receiving blood donors, history of sexually transmitted diseases, the status of drugusers,thehabitofdrinkingalcohol,violence,typeofjob,andsocioeconomic.Conclusion: Host factors signiﬁcantly associated with the occurence of HIV/AIDS in women werethenumberofsexualpartnersmorethan1,levelofeducationwaslow≤9years,andtheﬁrst marriedage<20years;environmentfactorssigniﬁcantlyassociatedwashistoryofHIV/AIDSon herhusband.

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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depresi pada Lansia Pensiunan di Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v5i1.984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 209-220

Author(s):

Syam'ani Syam'ani

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Employment Status ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

The World ◽

Day By Day

The population of the population in the world is increasing day by day. One of the age groups that have a significant increase in the elderly group. Projections and data found about the elderly are a concern that is of interest to the whole world because along with the increase in population it is accompanied by physical and psychological problems that accompany it. This study aims to identify factors that affect depression in retired elderly people. The design used in this study uses a research design: "CROSS-SECTIONAL". In this study, the population is elderly retirees who live in the area of Jekan Raya Subdistrict, Palangka Raya City. The sampling technique in this study uses consecutive sampling technique, which is the best type of non-probability sampling, that is, all objects that come sequentially and meet the selection criteria are included in the study until the number of subjects needed is fulfilled, namely as many as 100 people. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between sex (p: 0.671), employment status (p: 0.994), marital status (p: 0.726), education (p: 0.988), and the level of depression in retired civil servants in Jekan Subdistrict Raya Kota Palangka Raya. This research is expected to contribute positively to the management of elderly people with depression so that they are able to adapt to changes that occur due to the aging process.

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The influence application of Information Technology and Competence on Employee Productivity through Job Satisfaction in the Civil Apparatus at Hasanuddin University

HASANUDDIN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STRATEGY ◽

10.26487/hjbs.v2i3.357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

Muhammad Erfan ◽

Mahlia Muis ◽

Andi Ratna Sari Dewi

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Information Technology ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Work Productivity ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Measurement Scale ◽

Employee Productivity ◽

The Status ◽

Minimum Number

This study aims to analyze (i) the effect of information technology variables on job satisfaction; (ii) the effect of competency variables on job satisfaction; (iii) the effect of information technology variables on work productivity; (iv) the effect of competency variables on work productivity; (v) the effect of job satisfaction variables on work productivity; (vi) the influence of information technology variables on work productivity through job satisfaction variables; and (vii) the effect of competency variables on work productivity through job satisfaction variables. The quantitative approach is used to test and analyze the factors that influence job satisfaction and work productivity. Research location at Hasanuddin University, Makassar City. The population in this study were Unhas employees with the status of ASN (State Civil Apparatus) as many as 935 people. The sampling method uses probability sampling with a simple random sampling technique. Withdrawing the number of samples using the Slovin formula, which produces 90 people as a minimum number. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire with a measurement scale used is a Likert scale with five components. Data analysis techniques in this study used path analysis. The results showed that information technology and competency variables significantly influence job satisfaction and work productivity. Information technology and competence have a significant effect on work productivity through job satisfaction variables. All hypotheses are accepted and supported by previous research.

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Prospek Pengembangan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi di Indonesia

Perspektif ◽

10.21082/p.v14n2.2015.135-150 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 135 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HANDI SUPRIADI ◽

DIBYO PRANOWO

Keyword(s):

Venture Capital ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Community Forestry ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Central Java ◽

The Status ◽

Income Development ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Role Based

<div>ABSTRAKKeterbatasan lahan pertanian mendorong masyarakat/ petani membuka lahan baru di kawasan hutan, dengan cara menebang dan membongkar tanaman hutan serta membakar sisa-sisa tanaman dan semak belukar, akibatnya lahan menjadi kritis. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah melalui penerapan sistem agroforestri berbasis kopi. Agroforestri berbasis kopi yang sudah dikembangkan petani berperan dalam : (1) Konservasi lahan, air dan keanekaragaman hayati, (2) Penambahan unsur hara lahan, (3) Pengendalian iklim mikro, (4) Penambahan cadangan karbon (5) Menekan serangan hama dan penyakit dan (6) Peningkatan pendapatan petani. Agroforestri berbasis kopi telah dipraktekkan oleh petani pada berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, diantaranya di Lampung Barat (pola hutan kemasyarakatan dan hutan desa), Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah (pola pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat). Tantangan/masalah yang dijumpai pada agroforestri berbasis kopi diantaranya (1) Tingkat pengetahun petani tentang budidaya agroforestri berbasis kopi yang masih rendah, (2) Terbatasnya modal usaha dan (3) Ketidakpastian status lahan usaha. Upaya untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dapat dilalukan melalui pelatihan dan pendampingan teknologi budidaya, bantuan modal usaha dan kepastian hukum status lahan. Pengembangan agroforesti berbasis kopi diarahkan pada dikawasan hutan milik Perum Perhutani, hutan kemasyarakan (HKm) dan hutan desa (HD) yang luasnya masing-masing 2.250.172; 2.500.000 dan 500.000 ha. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran agroforestri berbasis kopi terhadap lingkungan, dan ekonomi petani serta prospek pengembangannya di Indonesia. Kata kunci: Tanaman kopi, agroforestri, tanaman penaung, lingkungan, pendapatan, pengembangan ABSTRACT Prospects of Agroforestry Development Based on Coffee in IndonesiaLimitations of agricultural land to encourage people/ farmers open up new land in forest areas, by felling tree forests and forcing open plants and burning the remains of plants and shrubs as a result of land being serious critical. One effort to over come the problem is through the implementation of a coffee-based agroforestry systems. Role-based on agroforestry coffee farmers that have been developed, by farmers involve on (1) Conserve land, water and biodiversity, (2) Add of nutrients lands, (3) Control of microclimate, (4) Add of carbon stocks (5) Suppress pests and diseases, and (6) Enhancement to the income of farmers. Coffee-based agroforestry has been practiced by farmers in various regions in Indonesia, including in West Lampung (patterns of community forestry and forest villages), West Java and Central Java (forest management with communities). Challenge/problems encountered in the coffee-based agroforestry include (1) The level of knowledge of farmers on the cultivation of coffee-based agroforestry still low, (2) Lack of venture capital and (3) The uncertainty of the status of business land. Efforts to overcome these problems can through training and mentoring cultivation technology, venture capital assistance and legal certainty of land status. Development direction of coffee-based agroforestry can be done conduct of region-owned Perum Perhutani, community forestry (CF) and village forest (VF) which covers each 2.250.172; 2.500.000 and 500.000 ha. This paper aims to identify the role of coffee-based agroforestry on the environment, and the economy of farmers and development prospect in Indonesia. Keywords: Coffee sp., agroforestry, shade plants, environment, income, development</div>

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