scholarly journals Acaricide activity of Piper macedoi Yunck essential oil against Rhipicephalus sanguineus

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e18911124610
Author(s):  
Veridiane Marques Bezerra ◽  
Emília Gabriela Santos Ferreira ◽  
Gildásio Warllen dos Santos ◽  
Gisele Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Davyson de Lima Moreira ◽  
...  

This study evaluated the acaricide efficacy of Piper macedoi essential oil on larvae of ticks of the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The test consisted of six treatments: from the group I to IV, samples corresponded to different concentrations of essential oil (500 μg.mL-1; 250 μg.mL-1; 100 μg.mL-1 and 50 μg.mL-1) diluted in Tween 80 at 2%. Groups V and VI corresponded to the negative controls (with distilled water and Tween 80 to 2%) and the positive control (with acaricide Amitraz at 12.5%), respectively. The essential oil was rich in apiole (39.81%) and dillapiole (26.47%). The essential oil of P. macedoi presented an activity against the larvae of R. sanguineus, with a better efficiency observed for concentrating 500 μg.mL-1, mortality of 80.67%, indicating a dose-dependent response.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e45710716216
Author(s):  
Camila Bonatto Vicenço ◽  
Wendel Paulo Silvestre ◽  
Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
Joséli Schwambach

This study evaluated the insecticidal effect of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera essential oil and its major compound, linalool, on Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Essential oil treatments were applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% v/v on eggs, nymphs, and adult individuals and linalool equivalent concentrations on nymphs of T. vaporariorum. The negative controls water and Tween-80® (0.5% v/v) and a positive control (spiromesifen 0.05% v/v for eggs and nymphs; pymetrozine 0.04% m/v for adults) were also used. The essential oil of C. camphora at 2.0% v/v caused egg mortality of 49.7%; same concentration caused the highest nymph mortality (88.5%). For adults, the essential oil at 2.0% v/v caused the highest mortality (40.0%) after 48 h, not changing from 48 to 72 h. The essential oil and linalool performed similarly relative to the nymphs, whose mortalities have not differed statistically, with exception of the concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% v/v. Regarding the chemical control, the concentration of 2.0% v/v has had similar mortality for nymphs; for eggs and adults, the essential oil caused lower mortality (49.4 and 40.0%) than the synthetic pesticide (65.0 and 72.0%). The essential oil of C. camphora may be a potential control alternative for T. vaporariorum, especially regarding the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye ◽  
Joseph Abayomi Olagunju ◽  
Babatunde Adekunle Murtala

Background. In this study, the male fertility-enhancing activity of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of Hunteria umbellata water seed extract (HU) in Wistar rats was studied for 60 days. In doing this, effect of repeated doses of HU was studied on the weight gain pattern, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TS), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (ES)} as well as testicular antioxidant status of the treated rats as a way of elucidating the mechanism(s) of action of HU. Method. Thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (I-VI) of six rats per group. Group I rats were gavaged with 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as an untreated control; Group II rats were gavaged with 0.3 mg/kg/day of clomiphene in distilled water; Groups III-V rats received 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU, respectively, and Group VI rats received 20 mg/kg/day of Vitamin C all in distilled water. All treatments were for 60 days after which the treated rats were humanely sacrificed. Sera of blood samples were processed for the above stated hormonal profile. Similarly, testicular tissues obtained were processed for semen analysis and complete antioxidant profile of the HU-treated testicles by assaying for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Thiobarbituric Reactive Species (TBARS). Results. Prolonged treatments with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU for 60 days induced dose dependent reductions in weight gain pattern with the most significant (p<0.001) effect recorded with the highest dose of HU. Conversely, significant (p<0.001) increase was recorded for GSI at the same HU dose. Clomiphene and HU also induced significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) dose dependent increases in the total sperm count, %live sperm, but reverse effects on %dead sperm and %abnormal sperm. On the hormonal profile, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of the extract induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) dose related increases in the sera TS, LH, and FSH while it caused reverse effect on serum PRL but caused no significant alterations in the serum ES levels. Similarly, oral treatment with vitamin C and 100-400 mg/kg/day of HU induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Conclusion. Overall, prolonged oral treatment with 100-400 mg/kg body weight of HU for 60 days significantly improved sperm function which was mediated via enhanced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and antioxidant mechanisms.


2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1397-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA L. DA SILVA ◽  
CAROLINA LUFT ◽  
ADROALDO LUNARDELLI ◽  
ROBSON H. AMARAL ◽  
DENIZAR A. DA SILVA MELO ◽  
...  

Several studies have investigated the antinociceptive, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of compounds found in the lavender essential oil (LEO), however to date, there is still lack of substantial data. The objective of this study was to assess the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of lavender essential oil. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical decolorization assay was used for antioxidant activity evaluation. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested using two models of acute inflammation: carrageenan-induced pleurisy and croton oil-induced ear edema. The antinociceptive activity was tested using the pain model induced by formalin. LEO has antioxidant activity, which is dose-dependent response. The inflammatory response evoked by carrageenan and by croton oil was reduced through the pre-treatment of animals with LEO. In the pleurisy model, the drug used as positive control, dexamethasone, was more efficacious. However, in the ear swelling, the antiedematogenic effect of the oil was similar to that observed for dexamethasone. In the formalin test, LEO consistently inhibited spontaneous nociception and presented a similar effect to that of tramadol. The results of this study reveal (in vivo) the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of LEO and demonstrates its important therapeutic potential.


1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
A.J. Dunipace ◽  
G.K. Stookey

There has been little information and much confusion regarding the genotoxic effects of fluoride. The purpose of this study was to examine the spermatogenic influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the germ cells by means of the mouse sperm morphology test. Male mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at about eight weeks of age and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (<0.2 ppm F) and distilled water ad libitum throughout the experiment. At approximately 13 weeks of age, the animals were randomly assigned to eight groups. Group I was intubated with the Maximum Tolerable Dosage (MTD) of NaF (70 mg/kg). Groups II through VI received NaF by stomach intubation at doses of 35, 20, 10, 1, and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. Group VII served as a negative control and was intubated with distilled water. The positive control, Group VIII, was exposed to a known mutagen, cyclophosphamide (20 mglkg, i.p). The animals were treated daily for five days, and killed by cervical dislocation 35 days after the first exposure to chemicals. Slides of sperm from the cauda epididymides were prepared and blindly scored for morphological abnormalities. Weight of the testes was recorded, and the femurs were saved for fluoride (F) analysis. Analysis of bone F demonstrated the effective absorption of fluoride following intubation. The counts of abnormal sperm and the weights of the testes for mice exposed to NaF doses up to the MTD were not significantly different from those of the negative control. The results of this study showed that NaF did not have adverse effects on mouse sperm morphology.


Author(s):  
Ana Khusnul Faizah ◽  
Angelica Kresnamurti

Marine omega-3 from fish contains high EPA dan DHA which may have an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of study is to analyze the anti-inflammatory effect of marine omega-3 in rats. The method of this study is pre-post control experimental. The acute anti-inflammatory effect of marine omega-3 were investigated through carrageenan induced paw edema in rats. Thirty minutes before the procedure, the experimental groups were treated with fish oil 40 and 60 mg/kg; sodium diclofenac (5 mg/kg) as positive control groups and span 80-tween 80 as negative control groups. The degree of paw edema was measured by caliper. The marine omega-3 showed anti-inflammatory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The results of 60 mg/kg of marine omega-3 was significantly different compared with the negative. Overall, the marine omega-3 has acute anti-inflammatory activity in rats.


Author(s):  
HS Mohammed ◽  
MHS Ahmida ◽  
MF Madi ◽  
A A Abdel-Gayoum

The aim of the present study was to investigate the nephroprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects of Allium porrum (leek) in rabbits with cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Forty adult male New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (ten rabbits in each group) as follows: Group I: (negative control) (C) received oral daily dose of distilled water for 15 successive days. Groups II: (Leek) (L) received oral daily dose of aqueous leek extract (500mg/kg/day) for 15 successive days. Group III: (positive control) [cisplatin (CP)] received oral daily dose of distilled water for 15 successive days, and subsequently administered single dose of Cisplatin (3.5mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injection from day 10 for five days. Groups IV: (Leek and Cisplatin


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilis Susanti Elvi Rusmiyanto Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi

The wood vinegar of the stem of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.) is the result of pyrolysis of the stem which is condensed into steam. Wood vinegar contains acid and phenol compounds that have antibacterial activities. This research aims to determine the biological activities of the wood vinegar of the stem of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.) on the viability of Streptococcus sp. (L.10.3) and determine the concentration of wood vinegar of the stem of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.) which is effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus sp. (L.10.3). This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments consisting of wood vinegar with a concentration of 0.1 (Tl); 0.5 (T2); 1 (T3) and 1.5% (T4), negative controls namely sterile distilled water (T5), and positive control namely chlorhexidine of 0.2% (T6). The viability test used the dilution method and calculation of the number of colonies using the total plate count (TPC) method, each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed the increasing concentration of wood vinegar of the stem of mangosteen (G. mangostana L.) and the decreasing amount of Streptococcus sp. (L.IO.3). Wood vinegar at concentration 1.5% showed bacterial growth of 6.9 x 105 CFU / ml which was very different from sterile distilled water by 2.5 x 107 CFU / ml with inhibition up to 96.9% and not significantly different from chlorhexidine of 0.2%.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Dewi Mauliza ◽  
Rusli Rusli ◽  
Roslizawaty Roslizawaty ◽  
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽  
Rinidar Rinidar ◽  
...  

This study aimed to determine the effect of the red watermelon extract can affect the number of leukocytes in mice exposed to cigarette smoke. This study was designed with a completely randomized design using a unidirectional pattern 20 male mice (Mus muscullus) were divided into 4 groups. K1 negative controls were given 0.5 ml of distilled water, K2 positive control by exposure to cigarette smoke and 0.5 ml of distilled water, K3 by exposure to cigarette smoke and red watermelon extract were given a dose of 22 mg / mouse and K4 by exposure to cigarette smoke and were given extracts of red watermelon a dose of 44 mg / mouse. Exposure to cigarette smoke and red watermelon extract conducted for 30 days, making blood on day 31. Blood sampling performed at Plexus Retroorbitalis. Furthermore, counting the number of leukocytes. Data were analyzed using ANOVA completely randomized design with SPSS for Windows 16.0. The results of this study showed that the extract of watermelon for 30 days showed their real influence (P 0.05) to the number of leukocytes in mice. It is concluded that free radicals contained in cigarette can cause a leukocytosis, an inflammatory, oxidative stress and red watermelon extract can minimize cell damage.


Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Yoga Mulia Pratama ◽  
Bryan Pandu Permana

Candidiasis is an important nosocomial infection with high morbidity value, high mortality rate, and expensive clinical cost. However, public access to well-developed treatment is not acquired. Current medicines mostly used like -azol drugs had been showing the resistant effects because of the long period use of the same medicines. Alternative medicines like herb medicine are discussed to reduce multi-resist infections, such as lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus essential oil. This study aims to know the effect of lemongrass essential oil on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. Laboratory experimental (in vitro) was conducted in this research. Candida albicans strains were being used as the objects, which were picked by random sampling. Candida albicans were divided into 12 groups of treatment, the group I was treated with ethanol 96% as the negative control, group II with fluconazole 25μg as the positive control, and group III-XII with Cymbopogon citratus essential oil with 10%, 20% to 100% concentrated. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured after 2x24 hours incubation. The data was analyzed by post-hoc Mann Whitney test with SPSS 18.0 (p<0.05 considered as significant). Cymbopogon citratus essential oil showed antifungal activity to the Candida albicans began in the 10% to 100% concentration (p<0.05). Inhibition zones with the 50% to 100% concentration had similar results to the positive control (p>0.05). The Cymbopogon citratus essential oil has an antifungi effect toward Candida albicans in vitro significantly by the negative control.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Alizadeh ◽  
Akram Arianfar ◽  
Ameneh Mohammadi

Objective: Ziziphora clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant belongs to the Labiatae family that widespread all over Iran. It used as culinary and also in cold and cough treatments in Iran. The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of different timeframes during the hydrodistillation on essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The essential oil of Z. clinopodiodes was extracted via hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus. The fractions of essential oil were captured at 6 times from the beginning of the distillation: (10, 20, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). The fractions of essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS and their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities were studied by Disk - well diffusion and DPPH methods respectively. Results: Six distillation times and whole essential oil were captured during the hydrodistillation. Essential oil yield dropped off significantly during distillation progressed (1.0% for 10 min and 0.025 for 240 min). 1,8 Cineol, Isomenthone, Pulegone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid were major compounds in fractions and they were affected by distillation times. Pulegone was major compound in all of essential oils. In antioxidant activity assay, whole essential oil was stronger than was stronger than positive control and fractions of essential oil, because of higher levels of Isomenthone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid. Strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was observed from 10 min fraction. Conclusion: Our results indicated that distillation time can create essential oils with specific properties and we can achieve to more efficient essential oil in short times.


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