scholarly journals Lemongrass (Cymbopogon Citratus) Essential Oil Inhibits Candida Albicans Growth in Vitro

Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Yoga Mulia Pratama ◽  
Bryan Pandu Permana
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Group I ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Candidiasis is an important nosocomial infection with high morbidity value, high mortality rate, and expensive clinical cost. However, public access to well-developed treatment is not acquired. Current medicines mostly used like -azol drugs had been showing the resistant effects because of the long period use of the same medicines. Alternative medicines like herb medicine are discussed to reduce multi-resist infections, such as lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus essential oil. This study aims to know the effect of lemongrass essential oil on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. Laboratory experimental (in vitro) was conducted in this research. Candida albicans strains were being used as the objects, which were picked by random sampling. Candida albicans were divided into 12 groups of treatment, the group I was treated with ethanol 96% as the negative control, group II with fluconazole 25μg as the positive control, and group III-XII with Cymbopogon citratus essential oil with 10%, 20% to 100% concentrated. The diameter of inhibition zones was measured after 2x24 hours incubation. The data was analyzed by post-hoc Mann Whitney test with SPSS 18.0 (p<0.05 considered as significant). Cymbopogon citratus essential oil showed antifungal activity to the Candida albicans began in the 10% to 100% concentration (p<0.05). Inhibition zones with the 50% to 100% concentration had similar results to the positive control (p>0.05). The Cymbopogon citratus essential oil has an antifungi effect toward Candida albicans in vitro significantly by the negative control.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Pirdot (Sauraia vulcani Korth.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Romauli Anna Teresia Marbun
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
True Experiment

(Article History: Received 5 October 2020; Revised 8 October 2020; Accepted 15 October 2020) ABSTRAKJamur Candida albicans merupakan jamur penyebab kandidiasis dan penyebab sariawan, lesi pada kulit, vulvavaginistis, candida pada urin (kandiduria), dan gastrointestinal kandidiasis. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat yaitu pirdot (Sauraia vulcani Korth.) dan bagian yang biasanya digunakan adalah bagian daun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak daun pirdot terhadap pertumbuhan C. albicans secara in vitro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian true experiment dengan rancangan penelitian post-test only control group. Metode yang digunakan adalah difusi agar menggunakan teknik kirby bauer. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 variasi konsentrasi ekstrak daun pirdot, yaitu 10%, 20%, 40%, dan 80%, kontrol positif (tablet ketokonazol), dan kontrol negatif (Dimethyl Sulfoxide). Data yang diperoleh dianalisa menggunakan statistika secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat mulai dari konsentrasi 10% sebesar 8,96 mm daya hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 80% sebesar 18,33 mm. Kesimpulan ekstrak daun pirdot memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap C. albicans.Kata kunci: Antijamur; Candida albicans; Metode Difusi; Saurauia vulcani Korth. ABSTRACTCandida albicans is fungus that causes candidiasis and causes thrush, skin lesions, vulvavaginism, candidiuria and gastrointestinal candidiasis. One type of plant that has medicinal properties is pirdot (Sauraia vulcani Korth.) and the part that is usually used is the leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of pirdot leaf extract on the growth of C. albicans in vitro. This study was a true experiment with a post-test only control group research design. The method used agar diffusion using Kirby Bauer technique. This study used 4 variations concentration namely 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%, positive control (ketoconazole tablets), and negative control (Dimethyl Sulfoxide). The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the inhibitory from a concentration of 10% of 8.96 mm, the highest inhibition was at 80% of 18.33 mm. In conclusion, pirdot leaf extract has antifungal activity against C. albicans.Keywords: Antifungal; Candida albicans; Diffusison Method; Saurauia vulcani Korth

scholarly journals Actividad antifúngica de Cymbopogon citratus contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Francisco Pérez Cordero ◽  
Leonardo Miguel Chamorro Anaya ◽  
Deimer Calixto Vitola Romero ◽  
Jesús María Hernández Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
A Value

The objective of this research was to evaluate in vitro the inhibitory activity of essential oils from fresh leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in yam. The research was conducted in the department of Sucre, Colombia. The essential oils of C. citratus were collected in the municipalities of Sincelejo, La Union and Sampues, in September and October 2015. The essential oil was extract from fresh leaves using the microwave-assisted hydrodistillation. Concentrations of 5000, 8000 and 10 000 ppm of each essential oil were prepared. An absolute control, a positive control (benomyl 1 g/l) and a negative control was used. An inhibitory activity was obtained by using the direct seeding on surface of the potato-dextrose-agar method and it was expressed as percentage of inhibition rate. The chemical characterization of essential oils was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The highest percentages of antifungal index were observed in the lemongrass from Sincelejo at concentrations of 5000, 8000 and 10 000 ppm, after in La Union at 8000 and 10 000 ppm, and finally at Sampues at 10 000 ppm, with a value of 97.77%; the effect was similar to the positive control with benomyl 1 g/l. Citral was the main constituent of the essential oils extracted. The essential oils obtained from the three municipalities showed antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides. 

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Teripang Pasir terhadap Hambatan Pertumbuhan Shigella Dysentriae Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
FERIZAL NEGERI SAMUDRA ◽  
RETNO BUDIARTI ◽  
IRMAWATI IRMAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Diarrhea Disease

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong>; In Indonesia, most diarrhea disease in 1995 to 2001 are caused by Shigella spp. Shigella spp infection can cause various symptom dan complication. Generally, the treatment by using antibiotic can cause antibiotic resistance. Sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) is an herb that known, available, and easy to consume by society and has an antibacterial effect. Therefore, further research to study the effect of Holoturia Scabra on <em>Shigella Dysentriae</em> growth in vitro is needed.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong>: The goal of this research is demonstrate the effect of sea cucumber (Holoturia scabra) to the growth of the <em>Shigella dysentriae</em> bacteria in vitro.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: The method in this research is Posttest Only Control Group. There are 6 groups, 4 types of and 2 control groups. The concentration of the treatment group is 100%,50%, 25%, and, 12.5% while for positive control tests using chloramphenicol and aquadest as a negative control.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: The result showed there is an influence on the intake of sand cucumber to the growth of the Shigella dysenteriae.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>) inhibit the growth of <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: <em>Shigella dysenteriae</em>, sea cucumber (<em>Holoturia scabra</em>), antibacterial</p>

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽  
Luciano Jose Merini ◽  
Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Artemisia vulgaris L. sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada sel-sel Hati Tikus yang Diinduksi Niasin

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Laily Rahmawati ◽  
Erma Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Rosita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

  The niacin in energy drinks has metabolic product that cause oxidative stress and liver damage, while the liver damage can be prevented by hepatoprotective agents. Scoparone in Artemisia vulgaris L. can act as a hepatoprotector by its antioxidant effect. This study aimed to investigate the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract as a hepatoprotector in wistar hepatocytes induced by niacin. This study used 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups: normal, the negative control, the positive control, the treatment group I, and II. Treatment was conducted for 28 days. The samples were terminated and the hepatocyte were prepared for histological examination. Histological appearance was catagorized as mild, moderate, and severe damage with or without inflamatory cells activity. The data analysis by Kruskal Wallis showed significant difference (p<0,001). Further analysis by Mann Whitney revealed significantly difference (p<0,05) between normal group and all groups, negative control group and positive control group, and positive control group and treatment group I, but not significantly difference between negative control group and treatment group I, negative control group and treatment group II, positive control group and treatment group II, and between treatment groups. The study concluded that the effectivity of Artemisia vulgaris L. extract has not been proven as a hepatoprotector but further study is needed to draw a definite conclusion.   Keywords: energy drink, niacin, Artemisia vulgaris L., hepatoprotector  

scholarly journals Development of Novel Fermented Almond Milk Tea and It’s Evaluation as Antidiabetic Drink

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Deepak Kannan ◽  
Akash Kumaran ◽  
Sanjay Venkatesan ◽  
Prabhu Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Human Volunteers

Background: It is well known that almond and tea is best known to prevent Diabetes mellitus due to its abundant source of polyphenols. Also, probiotics also have been used in the treatment of Diabetes. This study is focused on the combined effect of all these three ingredients through the process of fermentation. Objective: The aim of this present study is to develop, analyse sensory parameters in human volunteers for optimisation and evaluate the antidiabetic efficiency of Fermented Almond milk tea (FAMT) both in vitro and in vivo analysis. Study Design: Development of FAMTàOptimisation of FAMT based on sensory analysis from 25 human participantsà In vitro antidiabetic analysis of FAMT extract à Animal studies. Place and Duration: The research work was conducted during November, 2019 to March, 2020 at the Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No.1, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Kancheepuram Dt, TN-602117, India. Materials and Methods: FAMT was prepared by optimisation of different formulation based on sensory analysis recorded from 25 healthy human volunteers. The FAMT extract was prepared and was used for the in vitro analysis and phytochemical screening. The animal study was performed with 30 Albino Wistar rats which were divided into 5 groups under preventive regimen. Group I was healthy normoglycemic control group. Group II served as positive control. Group III received metformin (350 mg/kg bw, p.o) for 28 days. Group IV received 5% Fermented almond milk for 28 days. Group V received 5% FAMT for 28thday. All groups except Group I received single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg bw, i.p) on the 29th day for the induction of Diabetes mellitus. After 7 days from induction, animals were anaesthetized and blood was drawn for the evaluation of plasma glucose and serum TG, cholesterol & insulin.   Results: It was observed that FAMT (8:2) was favoured by the participants more than other formulations. FAMT was found to contain Saponins, flavonoids and phenol. The total poly phenol of FAMT (373 ± 3.0 μg/ml) was high than Fermented almond milk (232.5 ± 2.50 μg/ml). The DPPH scavenging, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibiting percentage of FAMT (59 ± 4%,52 ± 3%, 50 ± 4% respectively) was high when compared to fermented almond milk (32 ± 2%,34 ± 2% and 45 ± 2% respectively). From animal studies it was significantly observed that plasma glucose (P<0.0001) was reduced, serum insulin (P<0.001) was increased, serum TG (P<0.0.001) and cholesterol (P<0.01) were reduced when compared to Positive control Group- II. Conclusion: Thus, FAMT was proved to act as a prophylactic anti-diabetic drink and was more potent than normal fermented almond milk.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF RHIZOME EXTRACTS OF CURCUMA LONGA (LINN.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Jyoti Pandey ◽  
Suman Mishra ◽  
Kamal Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Objective: The current study was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of the rhizome extract of Curcuma longa as an alternative source of effective remedies for nematodiasis.Methods: The anthelmintic activity of the C. longa was assessed in vitro against Haemonchus spp., a gastrointestinal (abomasum) parasite of goats. Different concentrations of the extracts (1 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were tested, and the results expressed in terms of time of paralysis (minute) and time of death (minute) of the worms. Albendazole (1 mg/mL) was used as a reference (positive control) and PBS as a control group (negative control).Results: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract (ME) of the plant disclosed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenol, anthraquinone, and carbohydrates; whereas, the aqueous extract (AE) showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, and saponins. Both ME and AE of the C. longa (rhizome) expressed significant efficacy (p≤0.05) in causing paralysis as well as the death of the worms within 12 h of exposure at all tested concentrations, as compared to the negative control. The rhizome extracts of C. longa showed dose-dependent efficacy in causing paralysis of the worm motility and the final progression to death. The results showed that the ME at 10 mg/mL was significantly more potent (p≤0.05) over the AE.Conclusions: This study concluded that the rhizome extract of C. longa exhibited potent anthelmintic efficacy against the nematode parasite, Haemonchus spp.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
Kaline das Chagas Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Egg Hatching

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.

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