SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF PHENAZINEAZO-1-NAPHTHOL PRODUCED FROM PHENAZINE-1- CARBOXYLIC ACID ISOLATED FROM PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

The search for effective antibiotics continues among scientists as more resistant pathogenic microorganisms evolve, and some already existing antibiotics used in treatment of infections are gradually becoming less effective against the pathogens causing the infections thus, making life unbearable to their hosts. Phenazines are para diazine with annular two nitrogen atoms at 1,4 positions joined to two phenyl group in a side by side pattern. The derivatives of the compound are primarily produced from microorganisms and can also be synthesized, example of this is phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). In the present study, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid was biosynthesized from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil. Subsequently, phenazineazo-1- naphthol was synthesized from the produced phenazine-1-carboxylic acid following amidation with Ammonium carbonate and Hoffmann degradation reactions to reduce the compound to phenazineamine under reflux condition of 50 °C before diazotization and coupling with 1-naphthol. The results obtained from the UV-vis, IR and NMR spectra were able to elucidate the important peaks in the compound at reasonable extents. The concentrations of 50 ?g/mL, 100 ?g/mL, 150 ?g/mL, 200 ?g/mL, 30 ?g/mL Augmentin (Au, control drug), 30 ?g/mL Oflocitoxin (OFX, control drug) and raw sample of the compound were able to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at some millimeter ranges while Aspergillus fumigatus was inhibited by all the sample concentrations but resisted 30 ?g/mL Augmentin (Au) and Oflocitoxin (OFX) control drugs from the antimicrobial analysis carried out. In general, the compound was active against the organisms when compared to the concentrations of control antibiotic drugs used. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the compound was estimated at 50 ?g/mL concentrations.

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Synthesis of Fluoroquinolones Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents

Oriental Journal Of Chemistry ◽

10.13005/ojc/350401 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 1248-1253

Author(s):

Lubna Swellmeen ◽

Amal Uzrail ◽

Rand Shahin ◽

Yusuf AL-Hiari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Biological Test ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Derivatives Of

Fluoroquinolones are well known to have an anti-infective action. In the present study we described the synthesis of novel florouquinolones derivative as antimicrobial agent. The biological test highlighted a good inhibitory activity for the 7-Chloro-1-Alkyl-6-fluoro-8-nitro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid derived synthons especially against pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae). The binding interactions were monitored and could explain the good inhibitory activity of the synthesized derivatives of florouquinolones.

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Microwave-assisted synthesis and antibacterial activity of derivatives of 3-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-(4-fluorobenzylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-013-0461-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yong-Le Peng ◽

Xing-Li Liu ◽

Xiao-Hong Wang ◽

Zhi-Gang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Schiff Base Derivatives ◽

Excellent Method ◽

Derivatives Of

AbstractHerein, an excellent method for the synthesis of twelve novel Schiff base derivatives containing indole and triazole assisted by microwave irradiation is reported. Compared with the conventional method, the yields increased from 59–84 % to 85–96 % and the reaction time was reduced from 24–30 h to 4–8 min. Moreover, all series of the newly synthesized Schiff bases were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and IC50 indicated that many target compounds possessed excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis.

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Microflora in External Auditory Canals of Recreational Scuba-Divers and Swimmers Related to the Tropical Waterflora of a Coral Island

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0344 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (3-4) ◽

pp. 187-193

Author(s):

T. Haider ◽

R. Sommer ◽

G. Stanek

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Water Supply ◽

External Auditory Canal ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Lagoon Water ◽

Scuba Divers ◽

Tropical Coral ◽

Coral Island ◽

Recreational Scuba ◽

The Tropics

Recent studies described the acute diffuse external otitis frequently observed in recreational scuba-divers and swimmers in the tropics. In this study the microflora of the external auditory canal of 90 persons was determined. Additionally, a group of 17 persons was examined before, during and at the end of a two weeks vacation on a tropical coral island as well as three months after. Further, samples from sea, lagoon water and the water supplies used for the showers were microbiologically examined. 14 different and fecultatively pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from the external auditory canals. We found a temporary colonization with those microorganisms during the two weeks. Above all Pseudomonas aeruginosa was predominant during and at the end of the vacation especially in children. Before the vacation and three months after P. aeruginosa could not be found. The samples of sea and lagoon waters did not seem to be noticeably polluted, whereas the samples of the water supply were extremely contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was concluded that besides indirect factors such as tropical climate and intensive exposition to water, the insufficient treatment of the water from the supply could also be a reason for the temporary microbiological colonization of the external auditory canal.

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Infrared spectra and substituent effects in 2-(3-, and 4-substituted phenylmethylene)-1,3-cycloheptanediones

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19830586 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 586-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alexander Perjéssy ◽

Pavol Hrnčiar ◽

Ján Šraga

Keyword(s):

Substituent Effects ◽

Phenyl Group ◽

Wave Number ◽

Vibrational Coupling ◽

Wave Numbers ◽

Stretching Vibration ◽

Stretching Vibrations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Effect Of Structure

The wave numbers of the fundamental C=O and C=C stretching vibrations, as well as that of the first overtone of C=O stretching vibration of 2-(3-, and 4-substituted phenylmethylene)-1,3-cycloheptanediones and 1,3-cycloheptanedione were measured in tetrachloromethane and chloroform. The spectral data were correlated with σ+ constants of substituents attached to phenyl group and with wave number shifts of the C=O stretching vibration of substituted acetophenones. The slope of the linear dependence ν vs ν+ of the C=C stretching vibration of the ethylenic group was found to be more than two times higher than that of the analogous correlation of the C=O stretching vibration. Positive values of anharmonicity for asymmetric C=O stretching vibration can be considered as an evidence of the vibrational coupling in a cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl system similarly, as with derivatives of 1,3-indanedione. The relationship between the wave numbers of the symmetric and asymmetric C=O stretching vibrations indicates that the effect of structure upon both vibrations is symmetric. The vibrational coupling in 1,3-cycloheptanediones and the application of Seth-Paul-Van-Duyse equation is discussed in relation to analogous results obtained for other cyclic 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

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1597. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Meropenem Synergy Testing Against Multi-Drug and Extensively-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1777 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S794-S795

Author(s):

Mary Francine P Chua ◽

Syeda Sara Nida ◽

Jerry Lawhorn ◽

Janak Koirala

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Additive Effect ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Extensively Drug Resistant ◽

Synergy Testing ◽

Concentration Indices

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) have limited therapeutic options for treatment. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is a newer anti-pseudomonal drug effective against resistant PA infections, however resistance against this drug has now also developed and is increasing. In this study, we explored the combination of ceftolozane/tazobactam (CT) and meropenem (MP) as a possible effective regimen against MDR and XDR PA. Methods We obtained 33 non-duplicate isolates of MDR and XDR PA grown from blood, urine and respiratory samples collected from patients admitted between 2015 and 2019 at our two affiliate teaching hospitals. MDR PA was defined as resistance to 3 or more classes of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and XDR PA as resistance to all but two or less classes of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics. Antimicrobial preparations of both MP and CT were made according to manufacturer instructions. Susceptibility testing was performed using the checkerboard method in accordance to CLSI guidelines (CLSI M100, 2017). The ATCC 27853 strain of PA used as control. Synergy, additive effect, indifference and antagonism were defined as FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) indices of ≤0.5, >0.5 to <1, >1 to <4, and >4, respectively. Results Thirteen (39%) of 33 PA isolates were classified as XDR, while 20 (61%) PA isolates were MDR. All isolates were resistant to MP (MIC50 >32 ug/mL), while only 2 (6%) isolates were susceptible to CT (MIC50 64 ug/mL). A synergistic effect was seen in 9 (27.3%) of PA isolates (FIC index range 0.28 to 0.5)— 2 of which were XDR PA, and 7 were MDR PA. An additive effect was seen in 12 (36.4%), with indifference seen in 12 (36.4%) of isolates. In this study, no antagonism was seen when CT and MP were combined. Conclusion When used in combination, CT and MP can exert a synergistic effect against MDR and XDR PA. Additive effect and indifference can also be seen when both antibiotics were used. Moreover, there was no antagonism seen when both antibiotics were combined. This study shows that the use of CT and MP in combination may be an option against XDR and MDR PA infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin Alone and Combinations with Plant-Derived Compounds against P. aeruginosa Biofilms and Their Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of P. aeruginosa Biofilms

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 414

Author(s):

Didem Kart ◽

Tuba Reçber ◽

Emirhan Nemutlu ◽

Meral Sagiroglu

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Metabolomic Profile ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

New Agents ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Metabolomic Approach

Introduction: Alternative anti-biofilm agents are needed to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The mechanisms behind these new agents also need to be revealed at a molecular level. Materials and methods: The anti-biofilm effects of 10 plant-derived compounds on P. aeruginosa biofilms were investigated using minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and virulence assays. The effects of ciprofloxacin and compound combinations on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms were compared. A metabolomic approach and qRT-PCR were applied to the biofilms treated with ciprofloxacin in combination with baicalein, esculin hydrate, curcumin, and cinnamaldehyde at sub-minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) concentrations to highlight the specific metabolic shifts between the biofilms and to determine the quorum sensing gene expressions, respectively. Results: The combinations of ciprofloxacin with curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde showed more reduced MBICs than ciprofloxacin alone. The quorum sensing genes were downregulated in the presence of curcumin and cinnamaldehyde, while upregulated in the presence of baicalein and esculin hydrate rather than for ciprofloxacin alone. The combinations exhibited different killing effects on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms without affecting its virulence. The findings of the decreased metabolite levels related to pyrimidine and lipopolysaccharide synthesis and to down-regulated alginate and lasI expressions strongly indicate the role of multifactorial mechanisms for curcumin-mediated P. aeruginosa growth inhibition. Conclusions: The use of curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde with ciprofloxacin will help fight against P. aeruginosa biofilms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to define the effect of plant-based compounds as possible anti-biofilm agents with low MBICs for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms through metabolomic pathways.

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Novel Derivatives of 4-Methyl-1,2,3-Thiadiazole-5-Carboxylic Acid Hydrazide: Synthesis, Lipophilicity, and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Screening

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1180

Author(s):

Kinga Paruch ◽

Łukasz Popiołek ◽

Anna Biernasiuk ◽

Anna Berecka-Rycerz ◽

Anna Malm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Carboxylic Acid ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Acid Hydrazide ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Research Goal ◽

New Compounds ◽

Derivatives Of

Bacterial infections, especially those caused by strains resistant to commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, are still a current threat to public health. Therefore, the search for new molecules with potential antimicrobial activity is an important research goal. In this article, we present the synthesis and evaluation of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a series of 15 new derivatives of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid. The potential antimicrobial effect of the new compounds was observed mainly against Gram-positive bacteria. Compound 15, with the 5-nitro-2-furoyl moiety, showed the highest bioactivity: minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1.95–15.62 µg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/MIC = 1–4 µg/mL.

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Tackling Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the Natural Furanone Sotolon

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10070871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 871

Author(s):

Mohammed F. Aldawsari ◽

El-Sayed Khafagy ◽

Ahmed Al Saqr ◽

Ahmed Alalaiwe ◽

Hisham A. Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Resistance Development

The bacterial resistance development due to the incessant administration of antibiotics has led to difficulty in their treatment. Natural adjuvant compounds can be co-administered to hinder the pathogenesis of resistant bacteria. Sotolon is the prevailing aromatic compound that gives fenugreek its typical smell. In the current work, the anti-virulence activities of sotolon on Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been evaluated. P. aeruginosa has been treated with sotolon at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and production of biofilm and other virulence factors were assessed. Moreover, the anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity of sotolon was in-silico evaluated by evaluating the affinity of sotolon to bind to QS receptors, and the expression of QS genes was measured in the presence of sotolon sub-MIC. Furthermore, the sotolon in-vivo capability to protect mice against P. aeruginosa was assessed. Significantly, sotolon decreased the production of bacterial biofilm and virulence factors, the expression of QS genes, and protected mice from P. aeruginosa. Conclusively, the plant natural substance sotolon attenuated the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, locating it as a plausible potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of its infections. Sotolon can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections as an alternative or adjuvant to antibiotics to combat their high resistance to antibiotics.

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Synergistic Effect of Plant Extracts on Endodontic Pathogens Isolated from Teeth with Root Canal Treatment Failure: An In Vitro Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10050552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 552

Author(s):

Suraj Arora ◽

Shahabe Saquib ◽

Youssef Algarni ◽

Mohammed Kader ◽

Irfan Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Salvadora Persica ◽

Actinomyces Naeslundii

Background and objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic antimicrobial activity of extracts obtained from Salvadora persica (Miswak), Commiphora molmol (myrrh) and Azadirachta indica (neem) in combination with commercially available antimicrobial agents: penicillin, tetracycline, ofloxacin and fluconazole on endodontic pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces naeslundii and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Microbiological samples from the root canals of the teeth undergoing retreatment were taken using sterile paper points kept at full length in the canal for 30 seconds. The disc diffusion method was used to check the susceptibility of microbes to the plant extracts and antimicrobials by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones. Against the microbes, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)/minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the plant extracts were assessed. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was used to estimate the synergistic effect of plant extracts combined with antimicrobials against the resistant endodontic microbes. Results: The findings clearly indicate the effectiveness of all the three plant extracts, Commiphora molmol, Azadirachta indica, Salvadora persica, against all the experimental pathogenic microorganisms except for the ineffectiveness of Azadirachta indica, Salvadora persica against Candida albicans. Maximum antimicrobial activity was displayed by Azadirachta indica against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 0.09 ± 1.2 mg/mL, MBC = 0.78 ± 1.25 mg/mL) and the minimum antimicrobial activity was displayed by Commiphora molmol against Actinomyces naeslundii (MIC = 12.5 ± 3.25 mg/mL, MBC = 100 ± 3.75 mg/mL). The best synergy was displayed by Commiphora molmol with fluconazole against Candida albicans (FICI = 0.45). Conclusions: The current study delineates the variable antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the experimental endodontic pathogenic microorganisms. Plant extracts in conjunction with various antimicrobials can be valuable aids in combating relatively resistant endodontic microorganisms that have been the cause of worry in recent years, leading to failure even in treatment procedures following all required protocols.

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