scholarly journals Style-shifting in Usage Instructions of Food, Beverage, and Pharmaceutical Products in Japanese Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Suhandano Suhandano ◽  
Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Japanese Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Style Shifting

The present article attempts to describe the shifting use of formal and informal styles in usage instruction discourse of food, beverage, and pharmaceutical products in Japanese. The aim is to explain the background of style-shifting from a formal style, indicated by -desu in adjectives and nouns and -masu in verbs, into an informal style without any -desu or –masu forms in place. The background is reviewed through the perspectives of both sociolinguistics and pragmatics. The data were collected from various food, beverage, and pharmaceutical product packages containing usage instructions in Japanese. Study results indicate that style-shifting does not only occur through spoken language (orally) but via written discourse, which maintains unchanging external factors or definite contexts. Style-shifting is not only affected by the status of the speech partner but also more likely affected by the content of the information delivered to the consumers. Aside from occurring within a single discourse, style-shifting is also observed at a narrower level, namely within one element of discourse conveying a relatively homogenous information.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078
Author(s):  
T.N. Skorobogatova ◽  
I.Yu. Marakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

Teaching a Clinical Method Adapted to Contemporary Medicine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Boudreau ◽  
Eric J. Cassell ◽  
Abraham Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Communication Skills Training ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Medical Interviewing ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clinical Thinking ◽  
Contemporary Medicine ◽  
Person Centered Approach

A truly person-centered curriculum requires important changes to how the clinical method is taught. Medical interviewing demands explicit instruction in how the spoken language works and specific strategies that elevate the status of attentive listening so that this aspect is seen as important as the more mechanical aspects of traditional communication skills training. The term chief complaint is declared outdated and suggestions for its replacement are offered. The medical record is considered an important educational instrument, and recommendations are made so that it is in service of functional assessment and better aligned to a person-centered approach. Modifications to the physical examination, particularly a renewed emphasis on clinical observation, are outlined. The chapter concludes with a discussion of clinical thinking and judgment. A plea is made for inculcating a receptiveness toward a narrative competence within medicine.

scholarly journals ʿIlm al-kalām in Mauretanien anhand maurischer Kommentare zur Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna fī iʿtiqād ahl as-sunna von al-Maqqarī (st. 1041/1632)

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-794
Author(s):  
Gunhild Graf
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Characteristic Features

Abstract The present article intends to contribute to the research on the kalām (“theology”) in Mauritania. So far, this particular Islamic science has received little attention of Islamic studies outside Mauritania. Around a dozen Mauritanian and non-Mauritanian commentaries on the highly popular didactic poem Iḍāʾat ad-duǧunna of al-Maqqarī – until today part of the education curriculum in the cultural area of the Western Sahara – provide the basis of the present paper which is divided in two parts: Part one presents some characteristic features of Mauritanian literature and the status of ʿilm al-kalām in Mauritania. Part two deals with the Iḍāʾa and its (Mauritanian) commentaries. Some selected key verses of the Iḍāʾa and their interpretation by various commentators are discussed here. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical notes and the elaboration on some special terms (for example tauḥīd, ʿilm, auwal wāǧib). Further topics addressed include the dialogue between al-Ǧubbāʾī and al-Ašʿarī and the report on Ibn Barraǧān’s prediction of the conquest of Jerusalem from the crusaders by the Muslims in the year 583 H. Since many Mauritanian manuscripts about kalām have not been edited to the present day, even an approximate overview on the Mauritanian kalām literature is still out of sight. However, the investigation of the Mauritanian ʿilm al-kalām as a subbranch of studies on later kalām since the seventeenth century promises to provide highly relevant and intriguing insights.

scholarly journals Pharmacist’s role in the system of palliative and hospice care in Ukraine and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sofiya Prokip ◽  
Iga Pawłowska ◽  
Bohdan Hromovyk ◽  
Leszek Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polish Study ◽  
The Status

Introduction. The efficient pharmacotherapy is an important part of palliative and hospice care, and requires a multidisciplinary approach to the patients. The pharmacist, as the member of the multidisciplinary therapeutic team, is responsible for performing pharmaceutical care, which provides safe and efficient treatment. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative research about the status of palliative and hospice care and role of the pharmacist (clinical pharmacist) in Ukraine and Poland.Material and methods. It was a questionnaire survey conducted in Ukraine, as well as analysis of information sources associated with this subject. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of similar study conducted in Poland. It consisted of 15 multiple-choice questions addressed to head physicians and doctors in Ukraine. The obtained results were compared to the results of the mentioned above Polish study. Results. Eight head physicians and 22 doctors (30 questionnaires) from 13 palliative and hospice care institutions in Ukraine responded to the survey. It has been found that almost half in Ukraine (43%) believed that the pharmacist should be a mandatory member of a multidisciplinary team, because of his/her significant role in drug management in hospice. Conclusion. A multidisciplinary approach to satisfying of patients' needs in palliative and hospice care has a great significance. Results of the study testify to the importance of including the pharmacists into the multidisciplinary team.

scholarly journals 從中國廣西東興京族語言環境的角度窺察京語的傳承方式：喃字

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
阮蘇蘭 阮蘇蘭 ◽  
阮大瞿越 阮大瞿越
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
The Status ◽  
City District ◽  
First Time ◽  
Language Transmission

<p>京族分布於廣西東興市江平鎮，是中國的少數民族之一，其民族語言「京語」是越南語的一種方言。承受著來自漢語普通話、漢語白話方言以及通用越南語的巨大壓力，京語正處於消亡的邊緣。保護及傳承該民族語言的需求變得極為迫切，一群老一輩的京族知識份子選擇了以喃字作為傳承京語的手段。本文以2015年兩次在京族三島進行的社會語言學田野調查的考察成果為基礎，初步探索京族人之所以選擇傳承喃字作為傳承語言方式的原因，及喃字傳承方式。相比之下，漢字系統的「喃字」無法如現代越南語(或稱「國語字」)一般，能呈現京語的語音面貌，在記錄和傳承京語語言方面上並無優勢。本文認為，選擇「喃字」作為京語傳承載體是出於民族生命的考慮，強調「喃字」是和漢字一脈、京族和漢族是部分與整體的關係。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>Jing people inhabit Jiangping town of Dongxing city district in Guangxi and constitute a national minority in China. Their language &ndash; the so-called Jing language -- is a dialect of the Vietnamese. Now the Jing language faces extinction because of the pressure from standard Mandarin, spoken dialects of Chinese, and standard Vietnamese. In order to protect and promulgate the Jing language, a group of local old intellectuals have decided to use N&ocirc;m characters as a tool of transmission of the Jing language. The present article, based on materials collected during two fieldwork trips to the &ldquo;three islands area of the Jing nationality&rdquo; in 2015, for the first time discusses the reasons why the N&ocirc;m characters have been chosen as the tool of language transmission as well as the ways of transmission of the N&ocirc;m characters themselves. In comparative perspective, the N&ocirc;m characters belonging to the Chinese characters system, unlike Romanization of modern Vietnamese (the so-called quốc ngữ) cannot represent the exact pronunciation of the Jing language, and therefore cannot offer advantage in the task of transmission of this language. The author argues that the choice of the N&ocirc;m characters as the tool of the Jing language transmission is caused by considerations of the survival of this ethnicity; it emphasizes original connections between N&ocirc;m and Chinese characters, as well as the status of the Jing as a part of the big Han nation. </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools: واقع الاستفادة من وحدة جودة التعليم والمساءلة في العملية التربوية من وجهة نظر مديري مدارس قصبة المفرق بالأردن

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muneera Abdalkareem Alshdefat
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status

This Present study aimed at finding out the Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools To achieve the goal of the study, a descriptive development methodology was developed, which was developed in three areas (evaluation criteria, cooperation and coordination, feedback and incentives) (21) items, and verified their validity and stability, and then distributed to the sample of the study consisting of (167) managers and directors in schools Kasbah Mafraq. The study results showed that the degree of appreciation and the reality of Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools was at low degree The average of the tool as a whole was (2.00) with a standard deviation of (.55) and at the level of domains, All of them were rated low, with feedback and incentives having the highest average (2.09) followed by evaluation criteria (2.00) and cooperation and coordination (1.90), and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in The study sample of the Status of the quality of education and accountability unit in the educational process from the point of view of the principals of Kasbah Al Mafraq schools, according to gender, at the macro level of the instrument and on all dimensions. The study recommended in light of those results the necessity for that efforts should be join efforts to support and deepen the concept of quality of education and accountability, cooperation and coordination between the quality unit of education and accountability and educational leaders, and try to provide incentives and thanks to those who deserve it, to achieve the concept of guidance and support.

scholarly journals Regulatory Requirement and Step for Registration and Approval of Indian Drug Products in Overseas Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rushikesh Aher ◽  
Pratik Aher ◽  
Tejas Ahire ◽  
Hitesh V. Shahare ◽  
Charulata T. Nemade
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Regulatory Requirement ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Overseas Market

The Indian pharmaceuticals market is the third largest in terms of volume and thirteenth largest in terms of value. It has established itself as a global manufacturing and research hub. A large raw material base and the availability of a skilled workforce give the industry a definite competitive advantage. India has one of the lowest manufacturing costs in the world. The regulatory requirements of various countries of the world vary from each other. Therefore, it is challenging for Indian companies to develop a single drug that can be simultaneously submitted in all the countries for approval. The role of the regulatory authorities is to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of all medicines in circulation in their country. It not only includes the process of regulating and monitoring the drugs but also the process of manufacturing, distribution, and promotion of it. One of the primary challenges for regulatory authority is to ensure that the pharmaceutical products are developed as per the regulatory requirement of that country. This process involves the assessment of critical parameters during product development. This article covers the processes involved and requirements like import-export code, technical documentation, filing and reviewing process of drug master file, certificate of pharmaceutical product, common technical document (CTD), eCTD, and ACTD, for the registration and approval of Indian drug products in the overseas market.

scholarly journals Pedagogical theories and the process of internalization of moral values

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e49921
Author(s):  
Juliana Santos Monteiro Vieira ◽  
Dinamara Garcia Feldens
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
State Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pedagogical Discourses

The present article proposes to reflect on the process of internalization of moral values as the primary objective of Education, through historical and philosophical sources, analyzing, for this, theoretical frameworks of Pedagogy, such as: Comenius, Pestalozzi, Herbart and Durkheim. Our methodology was based on the bibliographic and authorial writings of these theorists and we try to question the logic established in pedagogical discourses, starting from the critic of moral values formulated by Friedrich Nietzsche, emphasizing aspects present in the referred theories and their reverberations in singularities and collectivities. The process of internalizing moral values had as its priority making education an instrument for the ordering of subjects, making it useful to the interests of state culture. It is understood that subjectivities are constituted inside and outside for the moral field and that the same is not alien or should be non-existent in school. However, it has been attempted to demonstrate in this article, how the moral field has been reduced to a process of disciplining and ordering, according to pre-determined models, virtues and values, which shows the limited pedagogical perspective in the vision of the moral field, which from its conception responds to interests and prioritizes the maintenance of the status quo.

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