Heat stress problem in dairy farming

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Ekaterina N. Rud ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Kuzminova ◽  
Marina P. Semenenko ◽  
Andrey A. Abramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environment Analysis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Prolonged Heat

In the context of the industrial survival of animal husbandry, taking into account the climatic characteristics of Krasnodar region, climate is considered as a heat stress, the result of an imbalance between the intake of heat from the environment and its release by the body. To assess the risks of occurrence and severity of heat stress in cattle, it is necessary to take into account not only the ambient temperature, but also humidity indicators. The temperature and humidity index provides for these two variables and allows us to assess the need for cooling of animals. The article provides information on the possibilities of occurrence and impact of heat stress due to the temperature-humidity state of the environment. Analysis of the reporting data of the Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region and the number of industries in Krasnodar region and cattle sampling rates from 2017 to 2019 demonstrates an increase in the number of abortions and youth losses during the third quarter when the temperature of the environment reaches its maximum. With this in mind, to increase the adaptability of animals under prolonged heat stress, it is necessary to regularly monitor the environmental parameters (use of thermometers and hygrometers to assess the temperature and humidity index), as well as plan protective measures (adapted feeding technology, specialized additives, good bulky feed), which will help to minimize the negative impact of hyperthermia on the economy of livestock production.

scholarly journals Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Khawar Shahzad ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Hadeed Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Humidity Index

Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

Occupational Hot Exposures: Body Physiology and An Approach to Numerical Assessment

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C McLean ◽  
G H Galbraith ◽  
D Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Numerical Assessment ◽  
Physiological Reactions

This paper summarizes the factors which influence the energy exchange processes between an individual and his surroundings and the mechanisms by which the body attempts to maintain itself in a heat balance situation. Thereafter, the important physiological reactions to hot working conditions are described and, on this basis, a numerical assessment procedure is proposed. Examples are given of the use of this method in investigating the possibility of heat stress and estimating the time for which an acclimatized worker can safely be exposed in such circumstances. An increase in the permissible exposure time through a manipulation of the environmental parameters is also considered.

scholarly journals Influence of heat stress on reproductive performance in dairy cows and opportunities to reduce its effects – a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
T. Penev ◽  
D. Dimov ◽  
N. Vasilev ◽  
J. Mitev ◽  
Tch. Miteva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Open Interval ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Genetic Progress

Abstract. The goal of this review is to consider and discuss the scientific literature related to the effect of heat stress (HS) on reproductive performance in dairy cows and opportunities to reduce its effects. The information in literature shows that the HS topic in dairy cows began to be discussed in the 1970s. As genetic progress related to productivity increases, the requirements for cows also increase, including for their reproduction performance. In the present review, a significant array of scientific papers is examined, as a result of which it is established that HS has a multifaceted effect on reproduction in dairy cows. The main role for the negative impact of HS is the effect of high ambient temperature on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. As a result, hormonal changes occur in the body of cows, which affect the behavior of cows in estrus, the development of follicles in the ovaries and the survival of the embryo in the uterus. These changes affect the main elements of cattle breeding such as length of days open interval, conception rate, number of inseminations required for conception. To mitigate the negative impact of HS on cows, methods have been developed for better estrus detection, for microclimate control, as well as for hormonal treatment of cows in order to increase reproductive performance. Although some progress has been made in each of the measures, HS still poses a serious reproductive problem for dairy cows, especially in the countries with warmer climates. This provokes the interest of many scientists around the world who seek to offer a solution/mitigation to this problem.

Responses of dairy cows to short-term heat stress in controlled-climate chambers

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Garner ◽  
M. Douglas ◽  
S. R. O. Williams ◽  
W. J. Wales ◽  
L. C. Marett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index

The objective of the present research was to describe the physiological and production responses of lactating dairy cows during and after sudden exposure to temperate-climate heat-wave conditions, compared with cows in thermoneutral conditions. Twelve lactating multiparous Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were housed in controlled-climate chambers for 4 days. Six were exposed to a short-term temperature and humidity challenge (THc, diurnal temperature and humidity fluctuations inducing moderate heat stress; temperature humidity index 74–84) and six cows were exposed to thermoneutral conditions (THn, temperatur humidity index 55–61). Cows were also measured during a 7-day pre-experimental and 14-day post-experimental period. Physiological indicators of heat stress were measured, including rectal and vaginal temperature and respiration rate, which indicated that the THc in controlled-climate chambers induced moderate heat stress. The cows exposed to the 4-day THc reduced their milk yield by 53% and their dry-matter intake by 48%, compared with the cows in the THn treatment. Milk yield of THc cows returned to pre-experimental milk yield by Day 7 and dry-matter intake by Day 4 of the post-experimental period. The short-term heat challenge induced metabolic adaptations by mobilising adipose tissue, as indicated by increased non-esterified fatty acids, and amino acids from skeletal muscle, as indicated by increased urea nitrogen to compensate for reduced nutrient intake and increased energy expenditure. Endocrine responses included greater prolactin concentrations, which is associated with thermoregulation and water metabolism. The cows exposed to THc displayed production and physical responses that facilitated lower metabolic heat production and greater heat dissipation in an attempt to maintain homeostasis during the short-term heat exposure. These results indicated that the conditions imposed on the cows in the controlled-climate chambers were sufficient to induce heat-stress responses and adversely affected production in the lactating dairy cow, and the delay between the return to normal feed intake and milk yield following the heat challenge suggests a period of metabolic recovery was occurring.

scholarly journals Negative impact of heat stress on reproduction in cows: Animal husbandry and biotechnological viewpoints: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Bezdíček ◽  
Andrea Nesvadbová ◽  
Alexander Makarevich ◽  
Elena Kubovičová
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Stress Influences ◽  
Shock Proteins

This review summarises current knowledge of the relationship between heat stress (HS) and reproduction in cattle. It focuses on research from the viewpoint of genetics (breed), from the viewpoint of reproduction physiology (in vivo and in vitro) and from the animal husbandry practice. From the viewpoint of animal husbandry, it was evidenced that heat stress influences reproduction before, during and after conception. Most publications suggest the negative impact of heat stress on the reproductive physiology of cows reflected in ovarian and follicular activity, in oocyte and embryo development, as well as in other processes studied under in vivo or in vitro conditions. There are also a number of products that the cell creates in response to heat stress, which is used as indicators of the stress (e.g. heat shock proteins). A number of publications also focus on how to prevent heat stress on the farm (e.g. shade, water shower) or during in vitro procedures, including the supplementation of the culture media with antioxidants like melatonin. Research of heat stress is very important in cattle breeding for preventing and reducing its effects on the farm and also in the context of climate changes and global atmospheric warming.

scholarly journals Intake mercury lead and arsenic with feeds and their accumulation (bioconcentration) in cattle and sheep organism

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-186
Author(s):  
I. Epifanova ◽  
V. Epimakhov
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

When managing livestock in technologically polluted areas to assess and prevent the negative impact of feed on farm animals, to obtain products that meet sanitary and hygienic safety requirements, it is important to monitor constantly the levels of pollution by main ecotoxicants in all parts of the trophic chain soil — feed — animal body — livestock production. If acceptance contamination levels are higher than it is required, it is necessary to take measures for contaminants decreasing in final livestock products. A review of the study of intake mercury, lead and arsenic with feeds in cattle and sheep organisms under the condition of technogenic–affected agricultural areas is presented in this paper. Estimation of the contamination levels of individual links of the food trophic chain by these ecotoxicants is given. The article describes the experience of using enterosorbents in the diet as one of the most important ways to reduce the content of heavy metals in the body of farm animals and in the final products of animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of astaxanthin (potent antioxidant) on growth rate, DMI, FCR and metabolic changes in Karan Fries heifers during heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
SUNIL KUMAR ◽  
S.V. SINGH ◽  
S.C. BHAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Karan Fries

A study was conducted on twelve Karan Fries (Holstein Friesian X Tharparkar) heifers, (10-12 months), in LRC of NDRI, Karnal.Heifers were divided equally into two groups i.e. control, and treatment (supplemented with astaxanthin@ 0.25 mg per kgBW per day per animal) to assess the heat stress ameliorative action of astaxanthin during summer season. During experimental period, environmental variables were recorded and THI was calculated to assess levels of summer stress. Blood samples were collected from both the group of heifers at fortnightly interval for quantification of plasma leptin and ghrelin hormones.Body weights of heifers were recorded at monthly interval. The body weight gain and ADG were significantly (P  0.05) higher in treatment group. Feed intake was higher (P  0.05) and FCR was lower (P  0.05) in astaxanthin supplemented group.Plasma leptin was higher(P  0.05), while,plasma ghrelinand surface skin temperature were numerically lower in treatment than control group of heifers.The study found that astaxanthin supplementation amelio rated the negative impact of summer stress and helped in enhancement of growth rate and ADG by improving the feed intake and by decreasing the FCR of heifers.

scholarly journals IMAGE PROCESSING BASED SMART SERICULTURE SYSTEM USING IOT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Deepthi H S ◽  
Anitha S Sastry
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wireless Sensor Node ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Environmental Variations

Rearing of silkworm is highly dependent on environmental variations. To have a healthy cocoon production, it is necessary to have a proper temperature and humidity controlled house for silkworm rearing. Temperature, humidity and fresh air should be managed to get a wonderful silk product. An ideal temperature of 23°C to 28°C and humidity in between 65% to 85% is to be maintained. IoT based silkworm rearing house consists of sensors and actuators, which are interfaced with a low power controllers. The Sericulture unit can be equipped with a wireless sensor node to sense the real time Temperature and Humidity [1], also necessary actuators to control these environmental parameters. The color change in the body of the worms indicates the different stages and the light yellowish indicates that they have reached to the cocoon stage and the morphological changes in silkworm structure can be used to detect abnormal worms[2].The proposed framework introduces an Internet of Things (IoT) empowered Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) system. The received image is first segregated into two classes as diseased or healthy by analyzing the histogram of the background removed image based on thresholding. Again the diseased class will be sub classified into 2 diseases as either Flacherie or Pebrine by applying suitable mask for extracting worm and obtaining the histogram of the worm and analyzing it. The result will be sent to the farmer via E-mail. The proposed system could be a probable solution for productivity in silkworms.

HUBUNGAN KEPADATAN BIVALVIA DENGAN PARAMETER LINGKUNGAN DI PESISIR TANJUNG PURA KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Sudiyar . ◽  
Okto Supratman ◽  
Indra Ambalika Syari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Random System ◽  
System Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The destructive fishing feared will give a negative impact on the survival of this organism. This study aims to analyze the density of bivalves, distribution patterns, and to analyze the relationship of bivalves with environmental parameters in Tanjung Pura village. This research was conducted in March 2019. The systematic random system method was used for collecting data of bivalves. The collecting Data retrieval divided into five research stasions. The results obtained 6 types of bivalves from 3 families and the total is 115 individuals. The highest bivalve density is 4.56 ind / m², and the lowest bivalves are located at station 2,1.56 ind / m²,  The pattern of bivalve distribution in the Coastal of Tanjung Pura Village is grouping. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Anadara granosa species was positively correlated with TSS r = 0.890, Dosinia contusa, Anomalocardia squamosa, Mererix meretrix, Placamen isabellina, and Tellinella spengleri were positively correlated with currents r = 0.933.

Adrenergic and Cholinergic Uterine Innervation and the Impact on Reproduction in Aged Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis P. Kosmas ◽  
Antonio Malvasi ◽  
Daniele Vergara ◽  
Ospan A. Mynbaev ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technique ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
The Impact

: In recent years, the development of Assisted Reproductive Technique, the egg and embryo donation changed substantially the role of the uterus in recent years. It provided a higher chance for a pregnancy even in women over 45 years or post-menopause. In fact, the number of aged patients and in peri/post-menopause in pregnancy is nowadays increasing, but it increases obstetrical and neonatal related problems. The human uterus is richly innervated and modified especially during pregnancy and labor, and it is endowed with different sensory, parasympathetic, sympathetic and peptidergic neurofibers. They are differently distributed in uterine fundus, body and cervix, and they are mainly observed in the stroma and around arterial vessel walls in the myometrial and endometrial layers. Many neurotransmitters playing important roles in reproductive physiology are released after stimulation by adrenergic or cholinergic nerve fibers (the so called sympathetic/parasympathetic co-transmission). Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization and quantitative distribution of neurofibers in the fundus, the body and cervix of young women of childbearing age. : Adrenergic and cholinergic effects of the autonomous nervous system are the most implicated in the uterine functionality. In such aged women, the Adrenergic and AChE neurofibers distribution in the fundus, body and cervix is progressively reduced by increasing age. Adrenergic and AChE neurotransmitters were closely associated with the uterine arteries and myometrial smooth muscles, and they reduced markedly by ageing. The Adrenergic and AChE neurofibers decreasing has a dramatical and negative impact on uterine physiology, as the reduction of pregnancy chance and uterine growth, and the increase of abortion risk and prematurity.

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