scholarly journals Annexin A3, a Calcium-Dependent Phospholipid-Binding Protein: Implication in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Pingan Lu ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Kaiguo Li ◽  
Song Qu
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Familial Tumors ◽  
Annexin A3 ◽  
Early Tumor ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Annexin A3 (ANXA3), also known as lipocortin III and placental anticoagulant protein III, has been reported to be dysregulated in tumor tissues and cancer cell lines, and harbors pronounced diagnostic and prognostic value for certain malignancies, such as breast, prostate, colorectal, lung and liver cancer. Aberrant expression of ANXA3 promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs including platinum-based agents, fluoropyrimidines, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and docetaxel. Genetic alterations on the ANXA3 gene have also been reported to be associated with the propensity to form certain inherited, familial tumors. These diverse functions of ANXA3 in tumors collectively indicate that ANXA3 may serve as an attractive target for novel anticancer therapies and a powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for early tumor detection and population risk screening. In this review, we dissect the role of ANXA3 in cancer in detail.

scholarly journals miR-205 in Breast Cancer: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ilaria Plantamura ◽  
Alessandra Cataldo ◽  
Giulia Cosentino ◽  
Marilena V. Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Cancer Types

Despite its controversial roles in different cancer types, miR-205 has been mainly described as an oncosuppressive microRNA (miRNA), with some contrasting results, in breast cancer. The role of miR-205 in the occurrence or progression of breast cancer has been extensively studied since the first evidence of its aberrant expression in tumor tissues versus normal counterparts. To date, it is known that the expression of miR-205 in the different subtypes of breast cancer is decreasing from the less aggressive subtype, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive breast cancer, to the more aggressive, triple negative breast cancer, influencing metastasis capability, response to therapy and patient survival. In this review, we summarize the most important discoveries that have highlighted the functional role of this miRNA in breast cancer initiation and progression, in stemness maintenance, in the tumor microenvironment, its potential role as a biomarker and its relevance in normal breast physiology—the still open questions. Finally, emerging evidence reveals the role of some lncRNAs in breast cancer progression as sponges of miR-205. Here, we also reviewed the studies in this field.

scholarly journals Expression Patterns and Prognostic Values of ORMDL1 in Different Cancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tengjiao Zhu ◽  
Yingtong Chen ◽  
Shuyuan Min ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Yun Tian
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Coexpressed Genes

The mammalian orosomucoid-like gene family (ORMDL), containing ORMDL1, ORMDL2, and ORMDL3, is the important regulator of sphingolipid metabolism, which is relevant to cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Since the role of ORMDL1 in cancers remained unclear, the main purpose of our study was to explore the expression patterns and prognostic values of ORMDL1 in different tumors, especially in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML), and thymoma (THYM). Bioinformatics tools including GEPIA, CCLE, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, and TIMER databases were used. As a result, the expression levels of ORMDL1 in tumor tissues and normal tissues varied in different cancers, especially significantly upregulated in CHOL, DLBCL, LAML, and THYM. Moreover, ORMDL1 mRNA was also highly expressed in cell lines of DLBCL and LAML. Further studies showed that ORMDL1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis in DLBCL, but not significant in CHOL, LAML, and THYM. Consistently, there were genetic alterations of ORMDL1 in DLBCL, and patients with genetic alterations indicated worse survival. Coexpressed genes and related biological events with ORMDL1 in DLBCL were found via LinkedOmics, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The relationship between ORMDL1 and cancer immune cells was investigated, and ORMDL1 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of B cells. In conclusion, ORMDL1 is suggested to be a tumorigenic factor and considered as the potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in DLBCL.

scholarly journals Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lin ◽  
Xiaosong Xiang ◽  
Bing Feng ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth-ranked cancer worldwide with a relatively low five-year survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs are a group of RNAs with remarkable aberrant expression which could act on multiple bioprocesses and ultimately impact upon tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer cells including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to be indispensable targets in clinical target therapy to stop the growth of cancer and prolong the lifespan of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we enumerate the signaling pathways and life activities affected by long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to illustrate the role of long non-coding RNAs in the development and therapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals SGK1 in Human Cancer: Emerging Roles and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Sang ◽  
Piaoping Kong ◽  
Shizhen Zhang ◽  
Lingyu Zhang ◽  
Ying Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Cancer Cell Proliferation ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Threonine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Types

Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) is a member of the “AGC” subfamily of protein kinases, which shares structural and functional similarities with the AKT family of kinases and displays serine/threonine kinase activity. Aberrant expression of SGK1 has profound cellular consequences and is closely correlated with human cancer. SGK1 is considered a canonical factor affecting the expression and signal transduction of multiple genes involved in the genesis and development of many human cancers. Abnormal expression of SGK1 has been found in tissue and may hopefully become a useful indicator of cancer progression. In addition, SGK1 acts as a prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the role of SGK1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diverse cancer types; focuses on its essential roles and functions in tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, metabolism, and therapy resistance and in the tumor microenvironment; and finally summarizes the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SGK1 at the molecular level. Taken together, this evidence highlights the crucial role of SGK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, revealing why it has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals BIOL-11. THE ROLE OF ABERRANT EXPRESSION OF PRDM6 IN THE DEVELOPING CEREBELLUM AND IN GROUP 4 MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i5-i5
Author(s):  
Christin Schmidt ◽  
Annika Carlson ◽  
William Weiss ◽  
Bjoern Schwer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cerebellar Development ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Mycn Expression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Group 4 medulloblastoma is the most common medulloblastoma subgroup with an intermediate prognosis and a high incidence of metastasis and late-onset relapse cases. Despite several comprehensive genomic studies in medulloblastoma, Group 4 medulloblastomas lack a unifying oncogenic driver and treatment targets. This subgroup is characterized by recurrent genetic alterations in chromatin modifiers, amplification of stemness genes, and enhancer hijacking events. 17% of Group 4 medulloblastoma cases are characterized by enhancer hijacking through tandem duplication of SNCAIP, resulting in high expression of PRDM6, a putative transcriptional repressor and histone methyltransferase. PRDM6 amplified medulloblastoma cases show additional mutations in other chromatin regulators, such as KDM6A, KMT2C and KMT2D, ZMYM3, and high MYCN expression. In this project, we investigate the impact and oncogenic potential of sustained PRDM6 expression in early neural stem cell populations and the developing mouse cerebellum. We drive expression of PRDM6 in human iPSC-derived neuroepithelial stem cells (NESCs) with and without high MYCN expression to study its implications in tumorigenesis. To test for tumor growth in vivo and changes in tumor progression as a function of PRDM6 activity, NESCs are injected into the cerebellum of adult mice. In order to elucidate impact of PRDM6 activity during embryonic cerebellar development, we also introduce PRDM6 expression into mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for analysis via a new, in vivo cerebellar blastocyst complementation model. The latter approach is designed to ablate and repopulate early granule neural precursor cells in the embryonal cerebellum with progenitors derived from injected PRDM6-ESCs and thus to recapitulate pre- and postnatal cerebellar development in vivo. Together, our studies aim to understand the role of PRDM6 during normal cerebellar development and tumorigenesis and advance the understanding of the genetic drivers for Group 4 medulloblastoma.

scholarly journals Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dan-Ni Ding ◽  
Liang-Zhen Xie ◽  
Ying Shen ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Ying Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Exogenous Factors

Oxidative stress (OS) arises when the body is subjected to harmful endogenous or exogenous factors that overwhelm the antioxidant system. There is increasing evidence that OS is involved in a number of diseases, including ovarian cancer (OC). OC is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and risk factors include genetic factors, age, infertility, nulliparity, microbial infections, obesity, smoking, etc. OS can promote the proliferation, metastasis, and therapy resistance of OC, while high levels of OS have cytotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in OC cells. This review focuses on the relationship between OS and the development of OC from four aspects: genetic alterations, signaling pathways, transcription factors, and the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, strategies to target aberrant OS in OC are summarized and discussed, with a view to providing new ideas for clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Low Expression of miR-491 Promotes Esophageal Cancer Cell Invasion by Targeting TPX2

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 2263-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Niu ◽  
Li Gong ◽  
Xiaofeng Tian ◽  
Liangwei Fang ◽  
Chengxiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Esophageal Cancer Cell ◽  
Emt Markers

Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a key role in carcinogenesis and cancer development, but the role of miRNAs in the progression of esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. Methods: The TE-1 and Eca-109 EC cell lines were used. The expression of miR-491 and candidate gene TPX2 in EC samples (n=99) were detected by RT-PCR. The cells invasive ability was determined by transwell assay. The luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the regulation mechanism. Results: A decreased expression of miR-491 was detected in the EC clinical samples compared with the corresponding adjacent tumor tissues. Aberrant expression of miR-491 regulated cells invasion and EMT markers. Furthermore, we verified that TPX2 was a target gene of miR-491. Conclusions: miR-491 may play a critical role in EC.

THE ROLE OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-3-KINASE IN CARCINOGENESIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-556
Author(s):  
Natalya Oskina ◽  
Aleksandr Shcherbakov ◽  
Maksim Filipenko ◽  
Nikolay Kushlinskiy ◽  
L. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

Currently it is established that cancer is a genetic disease and that somatic mutations are the initiators of the carcinogenic process. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an important intracellular signaling pathway regulating the cell growth and metabolic activities. Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is commonly observed in many different cancers. In this review we analyze the genetic alterations of PI3K pathway in a variety of human malignancies and discuss their possible implications for diagnosis and therapy.

Role of Exosomes in Photodynamic Anticancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6815-6824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Chuanshan Xu ◽  
Wingnang Leung ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
Xiaowen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Significant Attention

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for malignancies based on photochemical reaction induced by Photosensitizers (PS) under light irradiation. Recent studies show that PDT caused the abundant release of exosomes from tumor tissues. It is well-known that exosomes as carriers play an important role in cell-cell communication through transporting many kinds of bioactive molecules (e.g. lipids, proteins, mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA). Therefore, to explore the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy has been attracting significant attention. In the present paper, we will briefly introduce the basic principle of PDT and exosomes, and focus on discussing the role of exosomes in photodynamic anticancer therapy, to further enrich and boost the development of PDT.

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