scholarly journals Pilot Study: Nutritional and Preclinical Safety Investigation of Fermented Hispidin-Enriched Sanghuangporus sanghuang Mycelia: A Promising Functional Food Material to Improve Sleep

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chen Li ◽  
Fang-Chia Chang ◽  
Ching-Chuan Kuo ◽  
Hsin-Tung Chu ◽  
Tsung-Ju Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Preclinical Safety

Sleep disturbances have been the hallmark of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Studies have shown that once sleep is disrupted, it can lead to psychological and physical health issues which can, in turn, disrupt circadian rhythm and induce further sleep disruption. As consumers are trying to establish healthy routines, nutritional and preclinical safety investigation of fermented hispidin-enriched Sanghuangporus sanghuang mycelia (GKSS) as a novel food material for spontaneous sleep in Sprague-Dawley rats is conducted for the first time. Results showed that the nutritional analysis of GKSS including moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude protein, carbohydrate, and energy were found to be 2.4 ± 0.3%, 8.0 ± 2.5%, 1.7 ± 0.3%, 22.9 ± 1.2%, 65.1 ± 3.1%, and 367.1 ± 10.2 kcal/100 g respectively. In the 28-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study, only Sprague-Dawley male rats receiving 5 g/kg showed a slight decrease in feed consumption at week 3, but no associated clinical signs of toxicity or significant weight loss were observed. Although a significant reduction of the platelet count was found in mid- and high-dose GKSS treated male groups, such changes were noted to be within the normal range and were not correlated with relative spleen weight changes. Hence, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of GKSS was identified to be higher than 5 g/kg in rats. After the safety of GKSS is confirmed, the sleep-promoting effect of GKSS ethanolic extract enriched with hispidin was further assessed. Despite 75 mg/kg of GKSS ethanolic extract does not affect wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-REM (NREM) sleep, GKSS ethanolic extract at 150 mg/kg significantly decreased wakefulness and enhanced NREM and REM sleep. Interestingly, such effects seem to be mediated through anti-inflammatory activities via NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings provide the preliminary evidence to studies support the claims suggesting that GKSS contained useful phytochemical hispidin could be considered as and is safe to use as a functional food agent or nutraceutical for relieving sleep problems mediated by Nrf2 pathway, which the results are useful for future clinical pilot study.

scholarly journals ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF HEDYOTIS CORYMBOSA L. IMPROVES MONOSODIUM IODOACETATE-INDUCE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN RAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Anton Bahtiar ◽  
Fitri Arum Sari ◽  
Mega Audina Putri ◽  
Natasha Linsie Corona Datunsolang ◽  
Ade Arsianti
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study is to explore the effects of the 70% ethanolic extract of pearl grass on the immune system of the osteoarthritismodel rat, characterized by the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, and the histology of the joint. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative diseasecharacterized by chronic inflammation in the joints. Based on the daily practice of herbal medicine in some community in Indonesia, pearl grassusually used for anti-inflammation but not a lot of data to support it.Methods: We used 36 male rats Sprague-Dawley strain divided into 6 groups. Normal group was given 0.5% of CMC, the negative control group was given0.025 ml of sodium iodoacetate in 0.9% saline, the positive groups control group was given a suspension of glucosamine-chondroitin 135 mg/200 g bb,three were given pearls grass extract in various dose 5.625 mg, 11.25 mg, and 22.5 mg, respectively. 28 days after sodium iodoacetate induction, the extractswere given orally once daily for 21 days. Measurement of inflammation of knee joint and the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes were counted on day14th, 28th, and 49th after sodium iodoacetate induction. After treatment, all rats were sacrified and all knee joints were collected to subject for histology.Results: The results showed that the extract of pearl grass in all doses was able to decrease the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes significantlyand prevent proteoglycan degradation. The results showed that the extract of pearl grass with a given dose variations have antiinflammation effectand been able to protect proteoglycan significantly.Conclusion: Doses 3 (22.5 mg/200 g BW) is the best result. These results indicate that pearl grass can be further investigated as a treatment for osteoarthritis.Keyword: Osteoarthritis, Sodium iodoacetate, Pearl grass, Hedyotis corymbosa L. Lamk., Immune system. 

Rem Sleep Deprivation Does Not Increase the Sexual Behaviors of Male Rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hicks ◽  
Jose Bautista ◽  
Nathan Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Using several measures of sexual activity, 24 male and 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a pretreatment test and 3 posttests (immediate and Recovery Days 4 and 7) following REM sleep deprivation in a water tank. With careful controls, sexual activity was not significantly affected by the sleep treatments. Data do not support motivational hypotheses.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ORTHOSIPHONIS STAMINEUS BENTH LEAVES ON THE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF FUROSEMIDE IN MALE WHITE RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Riana Maya Oktaviani ◽  
Santi Purna Sari ◽  
Yahdiana Harahap
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
White Rats

Objective: This study aimed to observe the effect of the 70% ethanol extract of Orthosiphonis stamineus Benth leaves on the pharmacokineticparameters of furosemide in white male rats.Methods: 18 Sprague–Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: The normal control group was given only 1% carboxymethyl cellulose,the furosemide group was given 7.2 mg/200 g body weight (BW) suspension of furosemide, and the combination group was given 700 mg/kg BWsuspension of the 70% ethanolic extract of O. stamineus Benth leaves for 4 days followed by a 7.2 mg/200 g BW suspension of furosemide. On the4th day of treatment, we performed orbital sinus blood sampling on the eyes of the rats and analyzed the levels of furosemide in plasma using highperformanceliquid chromatography.Results: Therefore, the results showed that the administration of the 70% ethanol extract of O. stamineus Benth leaves improves the pharmacokineticparameters of furosemide on Cpmax and the area under the curve (p<0.05).Conclusion: This study concludes that the 70% ethanol extract of O. stamineus Benth leaves improves the pharmacokinetic parameters of furosemidein white male rats.

scholarly journals Dry Needling of a Healthy Rat Achilles Tendon Increases Its Gene Expressions: A Pilot Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calderón-Díez ◽  
José Luis Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Javier Herrero-Turrión ◽  
Joshua Cleland ◽  
José L Arias-Buría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Molecular Expression ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Abstract Background Tendon dry needling is a potential treatment for tendinopathies. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain its underlying mechanisms. No studies (to the best of our knowledge) have investigated changes in gene expression. Objective To investigate histological and gene expression changes after the application of dry needling to the healthy Achilles tendons of rats. Methods Six Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into two groups: no intervention or dry needling. Dry needling consisted of three sessions (once per week) to the Achilles tendon. Molecular expression of several genes involved in tendon repair and remodeling (e.g., Cox2, Mmp2, Mmp9, Col1a1, Col3a1, Vefg, and Scx) was assessed 7 days after the last needling session (day 28) or 28 days after for the no-intervention group. Histological tissue changes were determined with hematoxylin-eosin analyses. Results The hematoxylin-eosin–stained images revealed no substantial differences in collagen structure or the presence of inflammatory cells between the dry needling and no-intervention groups. A significant increase in the molecular expression of Cox2, Mmp2, Col3a1, and Scx genes was observed in Achilles tendons treated with dry needling when compared with the no-intervention group. Conclusion This animal pilot study found that the application of dry needling to the healthy Achilles tendons of rats is able to increase the expression of genes associated with collagen regeneration and tissue remodeling of the extracellular matrix with no further histological damage to the tendon.

scholarly journals Effect of Eleutherine americana Merr. bulb extract on blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized hypertensive rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Yori Yuliandra ◽  
Rizki Oktarini ◽  
Armenia Armenia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering Effect ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Eleutherine Americana

The effect of ethanolic extract of Eleutherine americana Merr. on the blood pressure and heart rate has been investigated. A number of 25 Sprague-Dawley male rats were induced with prednisone 1.5 mg/kg in combination with saline solution 2.5% for 14 days to obtain hypertension model. The rats were anesthetized and prepared for the recording of blood pressure and heart rate. The rats were divided into five groups receiving 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of the extract, vehicle control, and captopril 30 mg/kg as the reference. The treatment was administered three times with 30 minutes interval. The systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. The data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s MRT (95% confidence interval). The study revealed that the extract exhibited a blood pressure lowering effect. The best antihypertensive activity of the extract was shown by the dose of 100 mg/kg. Meanwhile, HR was also affected inversely by the treatment, in which the lowest dose caused the highest increase. The study suggests that the extract of Eleutherine americana exhibits antihypertensive activity that may be potential for future development of drugs. 

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Role of Ethanolic Extract ofVitex negundoin Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Male Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farkaad A. Kadir ◽  
Normadiah M. Kassim ◽  
Mahmood A. Abdulla ◽  
Wageeh A. Yehye
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Standard Drug

The hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract from the leaves ofVitex negundo(VN) was conducted against thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced hepatic injury inSprague Dawleyrats. The therapeutic effect of the extract was investigated on adult male rats. Rats were divided into seven groups: control, TAA, Silymarin (SY), and VN high dose and low dose groups. Rats were administered with VN extract at two different doses, 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight. After 12 weeks, the rats administered with VN showed a significantly lower liver to body weight ratio. Their abnormal levels of biochemical parameters and liver malondialdehyde were restored closer to the normal levels and were comparable to the levels in animals treated with the standard drug, SY. Gross necropsy and histopathological examination further confirmed the results. Progression of liver fibrosis induced by TAA in rats was intervened by VN extract administration, and these effects were similar to those administered with SY. This is the first report on hepatoprotective effect of VN against TAA-induced liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Pomolic acid in persimmon peel suppresses the increase in glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-696
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Izuchi ◽  
Takahiro Katsuki
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Pomolic Acid ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
Glycerol 3 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT Persimmon peels, though usually discarded, are useful sources of nutraceuticals. In this study, persimmon peel–derived pomolic acid was found to suppress the increase in the activity of glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, a neutral fat synthesis-related enzyme, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, whereas oleanolic and ursolic acids did not exert this effect. Therefore, persimmon peel may be an effective functional food material.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

scholarly journals Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110354
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Hye Rim Seong ◽  
Jangbeen Kyung ◽  
Dajeong Kim ◽  
Sangryong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

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