scholarly journals Research Progress of Circular RNA in Gastrointestinal Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Fang ◽  
Guo-Wen Ding ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tumors ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Closed Ring ◽  
The Stability

circular RNA (circRNA) is a closed ring structure formed by cyclic covalent bonds connecting the 5’-end and 3’-end of pre-mRNA. circRNA is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have shown that circRNA is involved in the pathogenesis and development of multiple types of diseases, including tumors. circRNA is specifically expressed in tissues. And the stability of circRNA is higher than that of linear RNA, which can play biological roles through sponge adsorption of miRNA, interaction with RNA binding protein, regulation of gene transcription, the mRNA and protein translation brake, and translation of protein and peptides. These characteristics render circRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets of tumors. Gastrointestinal tumors are common malignancies worldwide, which seriously threaten human health. In this review, we summarize the generation and biological characteristics of circRNA, molecular regulation mechanism and related effects of circRNA in gastrointestinal tumors.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Functions of Circular RNAs in Digestive System Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yuan ◽  
Ya Yuan ◽  
Zhi He ◽  
Diyan Li ◽  
Bo Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
And Biological Markers

Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), which are a type of covalently closed circular RNA, are receiving increasing attention. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in the biogenesis and development of multiple diseases such as digestive system cancers. Dysregulated circRNAs have been found to act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in digestive system cancers. Moreover, circRNAs are related to ageing and a wide variety of processes in tumour cells, such as cell apoptosis, invasion, migration, and proliferation. Moreover, circRNAs can perform a remarkable multitude of biological functions, such as regulating splicing or transcription, binding RNA-binding proteins to enable function, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, and undergoing translated into proteins. However, in digestive system cancers, circRNAs function mainly as miRNA sponges. Herein, we summarise the latest research progress on biological functions of circRNAs in digestive system cancers. This review serves as a synopsis of potential therapeutic targets and biological markers for digestive system cancer.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in renal cell carcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yunjing Zhang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Xianghui Fu ◽  
Weiqiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant kidney tumor and has a high incidence rate. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with widespread distribution and diverse cellular functions. They are highly stable and have organ- and tissue-specific expression patterns. CircRNAs have essential functions as microRNA sponges, RNA-binding protein- and transcriptional regulators, and protein translation templates. Recent reports have shown that circRNAs are abnormally expressed in RCC and act as important regulators of RCC carcinogenesis and progression. Moreover, circRNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for RCC diagnosis and prognosis and targets for developing new treatments. However, further studies are needed to better understand the functions of circRNAs in RCC. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent research progress on RCC-associated circRNAs, with a focus on their potential for RCC diagnosis and targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Circ-SPG11 knockdown hampers IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis progression via targeting miR-337-3p/ADAMTS5

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Liu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Zhida Gao ◽  
Fang Lei ◽  
Xuefeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ecm Degradation ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is responsible for the impotent disability in old people. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been reported to be related to the development of diseases. The lack of research on the role of circRNA spastic paraplegia 11 (circ-SPG11) results in conducting this study. Methods The expression of circ-SPG11, microRNA-337-3p (miR-337-3p), and aggrecanases like a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation-related markers and ADAMTS5. Ribonuclease R (RNase R) was applied to test the stability of circ-SPG11 in CHON-001 cells. The viability, apoptosis, TNF-α and IL-6 production were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Meanwhile, the interaction between miR-337-3p and circ-SPG11 or ADAMTS5 was respectively predicted by Circinteractome or Starbase2.0, which was further verified by dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Results Circ-SPG11 and ADAMTS5 were upregulated and miR-337-3p was downregulated in OA tissues and OA model cells. Circ-SPG11 knockdown allayed interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced restraint in viability and promotion in apoptosis, TNF-α, and IL-6 generation and ECM degradation in CHON-001 cells. Anti-miR-337-3p or ADAMTS5 overexpression correspondingly reversed si-circ-SPG11 or miR-337-3p overexpression-mediated facilitation in viability, and inhibition in apoptosis, TNF-α and IL-6 generation and ECM degradation in OA model cells. Moreover, anti-miR-337-3p ameliorated si-circ-SPG11-mediated inhibition in ADAMTS5 mRNA and protein expression in OA model cells. Conclusion Circ-SPG11 facilitated OA development via regulating miR-337-3p/ADAMTS5 axis. This finding might contribute to the improvement of OA therapy.

scholarly journals Circular RNA and its mechanisms in diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao He ◽  
Rouxi Zhou ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Weijing Cheng ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Eye Tissues ◽  
Rna Protein Complexes

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (CircRNAs) are endogenous long non-coding RNAs. Unlike linear RNAs, they are structurally continuous and covalently closed, without 5 ’caps or 3’ polyadenylation tails. High-throughput RNA sequencing has enabled people to find several endogenous circRNAs in different species and tissues. circRNA mainly acts as a sponge for microRNAs in cytoplasm to regulates protein translation, or interacts with RNA-binding proteins to generate RNA protein complexes that control transcription. circRNAs are closely associated with diseases such as diabetes, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, which indicates that circRNAs are closely related to and also play an important functional role in the occurrence and development of human diseases. Recent studies have shown that they are differentially expressed in healthy and diseased eye tissues. There lacks of biomarkers for early detection of diabetic retinopathy, and the newly discovered circRNAs seem to be an ideal candidate of novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets. However, the molecular mechanism of circRNAs activity in the occurrence and development of diabetic retinopathy are not clear yet. This systematic review aims to summarize the research status on function and mechanism of circRNAs in regulating the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy.

NOB1: A Potential Biomarker or Target in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089
Author(s):  
Weiwei Ke ◽  
Zaiming Lu ◽  
Xiangxuan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Anticancer Therapy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Human NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog (NOB1), an RNA binding protein, is expressed ubiquitously in normal tissues such as the lung, liver, and spleen. Its core physiological function is to regulate protease activities and participate in maintaining RNA metabolism and stability. NOB1 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate carcinoma, osteosarcoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and glioma. Although existing data indicate that NOB1 overexpression is associated with cancer growth, invasion, and poor prognosis, the molecular mechanisms behind these effects and its exact roles remain unclear. Several studies have confirmed that NOB1 is clinically relevant in different cancers, and further research at the molecular level will help evaluate the role of NOB1 in tumors. NOB1 has become an attractive target in anticancer therapy because it is overexpressed in many cancers and mediates different stages of tumor development. Elucidating the role of NOB1 in different signaling pathways as a potential cancer treatment will provide new ideas for existing cancer treatment methods. This review summarizes the research progress made into NOB1 in cancer in the past decade; this information provides valuable clues and theoretical guidance for future anticancer therapy by targeting NOB1.

The Therapeutic Potential and Role of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuangang Wu ◽  
Xiaoxi Lu ◽  
Bin Shen ◽  
Yi Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Cochrane Library

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by progressive degeneration, joint hyperplasia, narrowing of joint spaces, and extracellular matrix metabolism. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of OA may be related to non-coding RNA, and its pathological mechanism may be an effective way to reduce OA. Objective: The purpose of this review was to investigate the recent progress of miRNA, long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) in gene therapy of OA, discussing the effects of this RNA on gene expression, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis and extracellular matrix in OA. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, for published studies involving the miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in OA. The outcomes included the gene expression, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix. Results and Discussion: With the development of technology, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA have been found in many diseases. More importantly, recent studies have found that RNA interacts with RNA-binding proteins to regulate gene transcription and protein translation, and is involved in various pathological processes of OA, thus becoming a potential therapy for OA. Conclusion: In this paper, we briefly introduced the role of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in the occurrence and development of OA and as a new target for gene therapy.

scholarly journals MAC5, an RNA-binding protein, protects pri-miRNAs from SERRATE-dependent exoribonuclease activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23982-23990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjun Li ◽  
Mu Li ◽  
Kan Liu ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
Shuxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The Stability

MAC5 is a component of the conserved MOS4-associated complex. It plays critical roles in development and immunity. Here we report that MAC5 is required for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. MAC5 interacts with Serrate (SE), which is a core component of the microprocessor that processes primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) into miRNAs and binds the stem-loop region of pri-miRNAs. MAC5 is essential for both the efficient processing and the stability of pri-miRNAs. Interestingly, the reduction of pri-miRNA levels inmac5is partially caused by XRN2/XRN3, the nuclear-localized 5′-to-3′ exoribonucleases, and depends on SE. These results reveal that MAC5 plays a dual role in promoting pri-miRNA processing and stability through its interaction with SE and/or pri-miRNAs. This study also uncovers that pri-miRNAs need to be protected from nuclear RNA decay machinery, which is connected to the microprocessor.

Global stability analysis of fractional-order gene regulatory networks with time delay

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohua Wu ◽  
Zhiming Wang ◽  
Tiejun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Gene Regulatory Networks ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Lyapunov Method ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Global Stability Analysis ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
The Stability

Fractional-order gene regulatory networks with time delay (DFGRNs) have proven that they are more suitable to model gene regulation mechanism than integer-order. In this paper, a novel DFGRN is proposed. The existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point for the DFGRN are proved under certain conditions. On this basis, the conditions on the global asymptotic stability are established by using the Lyapunov method and comparison theorem for the DFGRN, and the stability conditions are dependent on the fractional-order [Formula: see text]. Finally, numerical simulations show that the obtained results are reasonable.

scholarly journals Long noncoding RNAs as tumorigenic factors and therapeutic targets for renal cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Shen ◽  
Guomin Luo ◽  
Qingjuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
In Vivo Studies

AbstractApproximately 338,000 patients are diagnosed with kidney cancer worldwide each year, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is derived from renal epithelium, accounts for more than ninety percent of the malignancy. Next generation RNA sequencing has enabled the identification of novel long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the past 10 years. Recent studies have provided extensive evidence that lncRNAs bind to chromatin modification proteins, transcription factors, RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs, and thereby modulate gene expression through regulating chromatin status, gene transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA decay and stability, protein translation and stability. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that over-expression of oncogenic lncRNAs and silencing of tumor suppressive lncRNAs are a common feature of human RCC, and that aberrant lncRNA expression is a marker for poor patient prognosis, and is essential for the initiation and progression of RCC. Because lncRNAs, compared with mRNAs, are expressed in a tissue-specific manner, aberrantly expressed lncRNAs can be better targeted for the treatment of RCC through screening small molecule compounds which block the interaction between lncRNAs and their binding proteins or microRNAs.

scholarly journals Identification of Novel RNA Binding Proteins Influencing Circular RNA Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7477
Author(s):  
Rok Razpotnik ◽  
Petra Nassib ◽  
Tanja Kunej ◽  
Damjana Rozman ◽  
Tadeja Režen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Published Evidence

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are increasingly recognized as having a role in cancer development. Their expression is modified in numerous cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, little is known about the mechanisms of their regulation. The aim of this study was to identify regulators of circRNAome expression in HCC. Using publicly available datasets, we identified RNA binding proteins (RBPs) with enriched motifs around the splice sites of differentially expressed circRNAs in HCC. We confirmed the binding of some of the candidate RBPs using ChIP-seq and eCLIP datasets in the ENCODE database. Several of the identified RBPs were found to be differentially expressed in HCC and/or correlated with the overall survival of HCC patients. According to our bioinformatics analyses and published evidence, we propose that NONO, PCPB2, PCPB1, ESRP2, and HNRNPK are candidate regulators of circRNA expression in HCC. We confirmed that the knocking down the epithelial splicing regulatory protein 2 (ESRP2), known to be involved in the maintenance of the adult liver phenotype, significantly changed the expression of candidate circRNAs in a model HCC cell line. By understanding the systemic changes in transcriptome splicing, we can identify new proteins involved in the molecular pathways leading to HCC development and progression.

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