scholarly journals Comparative Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Studies Reveal Key Metabolism Pathways Contributing to Freezing Tolerance Under Cold Stress in Kiwifruit

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihang Sun ◽  
Jinbao Fang ◽  
Miaomiao Lin ◽  
Chungen Hu ◽  
Xiujuan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Key Pathways ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Cold stress poses a serious treat to cultivated kiwifruit since this plant generally has a weak ability to tolerate freezing tolerance temperatures. Surprisingly, however, the underlying mechanism of kiwifruit’s freezing tolerance remains largely unexplored and unknown, especially regarding the key pathways involved in conferring this key tolerance trait. Here, we studied the metabolome and transcriptome profiles of the freezing-tolerant genotype KL (Actinidia arguta) and freezing-sensitive genotype RB (A. arguta), to identify the main pathways and important metabolites related to their freezing tolerance. A total of 565 metabolites were detected by a wide-targeting metabolomics method. Under (−25°C) cold stress, KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway annotations showed that the flavonoid metabolic pathways were specifically upregulated in KL, which increased its ability to scavenge for reactive oxygen species (ROS). The transcriptome changes identified in KL were accompanied by the specific upregulation of a codeinone reductase gene, a chalcone isomerase gene, and an anthocyanin 5-aromatic acyltransferase gene. Nucleotides metabolism and phenolic acids metabolism pathways were specifically upregulated in RB, which indicated that RB had a higher energy metabolism and weaker dormancy ability. Since the LPCs (LysoPC), LPEs (LysoPE) and free fatty acids were accumulated simultaneously in both genotypes, these could serve as biomarkers of cold-induced frost damages. These key metabolism components evidently participated in the regulation of freezing tolerance of both kiwifruit genotypes. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrated the inherent differences in the composition and activity of metabolites between KL and RB under cold stress conditions.

scholarly journals The AaCBF4-AaBAM3.1 module enhances freezing tolerance of kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihang Sun ◽  
Chungen Hu ◽  
Xiujuan Qi ◽  
Jinyong Chen ◽  
Yunpeng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Dna Interactions ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
Protein Dna Interactions ◽  
Similar Phenotype ◽  
Reporter Assays

AbstractBeta-amylase (BAM) plays an important role in plant resistance to cold stress. However, the specific role of the BAM gene in freezing tolerance is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that a cold-responsive gene module was involved in the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit. In this module, the expression of AaBAM3.1, which encodes a functional protein, was induced by cold stress. AaBAM3.1-overexpressing kiwifruit lines showed increased freezing tolerance, and the heterologous overexpression of AaBAM3.1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a similar phenotype. The results of promoter GUS activity and cis-element analyses predicted AaCBF4 to be an upstream transcription factor that could regulate AaBAM3.1 expression. Further investigation of protein-DNA interactions by using yeast one-hybrid, GUS coexpression, and dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed that AaCBF4 directly regulated AaBAM3.1 expression. In addition, the expression of both AaBAM3.1 and AaCBF4 in kiwifruit responded positively to cold stress. Hence, we conclude that the AaCBF-AaBAM module is involved in the positive regulation of the freezing tolerance of kiwifruit.

scholarly journals Differential expression between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive sugarcane under mild and moderate water stress as revealed by a comparative analysis of leaf transcriptome

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9608
Author(s):  
Wanapinun Nawae ◽  
Jeremy R. Shearman ◽  
Sithichoke Tangphatsornruang ◽  
Prapat Punpee ◽  
Thippawan Yoocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Sugarcane contributes 80% of global sugar production and to bioethanol generation for the bioenergy industry. Its productivity is threatened by drought that can cause up to 60% yield loss. This study used RNA-Seq to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism by which drought-tolerant sugarcane copes with water stress. We compared gene expression in KPS01-12 (drought-tolerant genotype) and UT12 (drought-sensitive genotype) that have significantly different yield loss rates under drought conditions. We treated KPS01-12 and UT12 with mild and moderate water stress and found differentially expressed genes in various biological processes. KPS01-12 had higher expression of genes that were involved in water retention, antioxidant secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and oxidative and osmotic stress response than UT12. In contrast, the sensitive genotype had more down-regulated genes that were involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and Calvin cycle than the tolerant genotype. Our obtained expression profiles suggest that the tolerant sugarcane has a more effective genetic response than the sensitive genotype at the initiation of drought stress. The knowledge gained from this study may be applied in breeding programs to improve sugarcane production in drought conditions.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic profiling of germinating seeds under cold stress and characterization of the cold-tolerant gene LTG5 in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghua Pan ◽  
Haifu Liang ◽  
Lijun Gao ◽  
Gaoxing Dai ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Abstract Background: Low temperature is a limiting factor of rice productivity and geographical distribution. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is an important germplasm resource for rice improvement. It has superior tolerance to many abiotic stresses, including cold stress, but little is known about the mechanism underlying its resistance to cold. Results: This study elucidated the molecular genetic mechanisms of wild rice in tolerating low temperature. Comprehensive transcriptome profiles of two rice genotypes (cold-sensitive ce 253 and cold-tolerant Y12-4) at the germinating stage under cold stress were comparatively analyzed. A total of 42.44–68.71 million readings were obtained, resulting in the alignment of 29 128 and 30 131 genes in genotypes 253 and Y12-4, respectively. Many common and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed in the cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant genotypes. Results showed more upregulated DEGs in the cold-tolerant genotype than in the cold-sensitive genotype at four stages under cold stress. Gene ontology enrichment analyses based on cellular process, metabolic process, response stimulus, membrane part, and catalytic activity indicated more upregulated genes than downregulated ones in the cold-tolerant genotype than in the cold-sensitive genotype. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on seven randomly selected DEGs to confirm the RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) data. These genes showed similar expression patterns corresponding with the RNA-Seq method. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis（WGCNA）revealed Y12-4 showed more positive genes than 253 under cold stress. We also explored the cold tolerance gene LTG5 (Low Temperature Growth 5) encoding a UDP-glucosyltransferase. The overexpression of the LTG5 gene conferred cold tolerance to indica rice. Conclusion: Gene resources related to cold stress from wild rice can be valuable for improving the cold tolerance of crops.

Dietary Quercetin Alleviated DSS-induced Colitis in Mice Through Several Possible Pathways by Transcriptome Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1666-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Bingkun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Key Pathways

Background: The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease is rapidly increasing around the world. Quercetin is a flavonoid commonly found in vegetables and fruits and has been reported to exert numerous pharmacological activities such as enhancing antioxidant capacity or suppressing inflammation. Objective: We aimed to explore whether quercetin was effective for IBD and the underlying mechanism of quercetin for the ameliorative effects on the DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods: Thirty-six mice were randomly assigned to three treatments, including the control group (Ctr), DSS-induced colitis group (DSS) and DSS-induced colitis supplemented with 500 ppm quercetin (DQ500). Colitis was induced by DSS intake, and body weight was recorded every day. After six days administration of DSS, intestinal permeability was measured, and the liver was taken for antioxidant enzyme tests. Colonic tissue was taken for the histopathlogical score and RNA-sequencing analysis. Results: In this experiment, dietary quercetin for 500ppm alleviated the DSS-induced colitis, possibly by strengthening intestinal integrity, liver antioxidant capacity. Based on the results of the transcriptome of colon tissue, several key genes were modulated by quercetin. ERK1/2-FKBP pathway and RXR-STAT3 pathway were involved in the development of IBD, furthermore, in the down-regulation of S100a8/9, FBN2 contributed to lowering the risk of colongenesis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that dietary quercetin alleviated the DSS-induced colitis in mice. This is most likely due to its beneficial effects on intestinal integrity and modulation of several key pathways. Based on our research, quercetin was a promising candidate for IBD and its pharmaceutical effects on both IBD and colongenesis need further research.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Efflux-Independent Modification of Lipid Rafts by AIBP (Apolipoprotein A-I Binding Protein)

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2346-2359
Author(s):  
Hann Low ◽  
Nigora Mukhamedova ◽  
Luciano dos Santos Aggum Capettini ◽  
Yining Xia ◽  
Irena Carmichael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3

Objective: AIBP (apolipoprotein A-I binding protein) is an effective and selective regulator of lipid rafts modulating many metabolic pathways originating from the rafts, including inflammation. The mechanism of action was suggested to involve stimulation by AIBP of cholesterol efflux, depleting rafts of cholesterol, which is essential for lipid raft integrity. Here we describe a different mechanism contributing to the regulation of lipid rafts by AIBP. Approach and Results: We demonstrate that modulation of rafts by AIBP may not exclusively depend on the rate of cholesterol efflux or presence of the key regulator of the efflux, ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A-I). AIBP interacted with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, which was associated with increased abundance and activation of Cdc42 and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton rearrangement was accompanied with reduction of the abundance of lipid rafts, without significant changes in the lipid composition of the rafts. The interaction of AIBP with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate was blocked by AIBP substrate, NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), and both NADPH and silencing of Cdc42 interfered with the ability of AIBP to regulate lipid rafts and cholesterol efflux. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that an underlying mechanism of regulation of lipid rafts by AIBP involves PIP-dependent rearrangement of the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Dynamic histone acetylation in floral volatile synthesis and emission in petunia flowers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M Patrick ◽  
Xing-Qi Huang ◽  
Natalia Dudareva ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Floral Volatile

Abstract Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites relies on primary metabolic pathways to provide precursors, energy, and cofactors, thus requiring coordinated regulation of primary and secondary metabolic networks. However, to date, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. Using Petunia hybrida flowers, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we uncovered genome-wide dynamic deposition of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) during anthesis as an underlying mechanism to coordinate primary and secondary metabolic networks. The observed epigenome reprogramming is accompanied by transcriptional activation at gene loci involved in primary metabolic pathways that provide precursor phenylalanine, as well as secondary metabolic pathways to produce volatile compounds. We also observed transcriptional repression among genes involved in alternative phenylpropanoid branches that compete for metabolic precursors. We show that GNAT family histone acetyltransferase(s) (HATs) are required for the expression of genes involved in VOC biosynthesis and emission, by using chemical inhibitors of HATs, and by knocking down a specific HAT gene, ELP3, through transient RNAi. Together, our study supports that regulatory mechanisms at chromatin level may play an essential role in activating primary and secondary metabolic pathways to regulate VOC synthesis in petunia flowers.

scholarly journals A combination of CMC and α-MSH inhibited ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperosmolarity stressed HCECs and scopolamine-induced dry eye rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lv ◽  
Chenchen Chu ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Yusha Ru ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Human Corneal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Conjunctival Goblet Cells

AbstractAn important mechanism involved in dry eye (DE) is the association between tear hyperosmolarity and inflammation severity. Inflammation in DE might be mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, which activated by exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). A combination of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) may influence DE through this mechanism, thus avoiding defects of signal drug. In this study, we assessed whether treatment comprising CMC combined with α-MSH could ameliorate ocular surface function; we found that it promoted tear secretion, reduced the density of fluorescein sodium staining, enhanced the number of conjunctival goblet cells, and reduced the number of corneal apoptotic cells. Investigation of the underlying mechanism suggested that the synergistic effect of combined treatment alleviated DE inflammation through reduction of ROS level and inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in human corneal epithelial cells. These findings indicate that combined CMC + α-MSH treatment could ameliorate lesions and restore ocular surface function in patients with DE through reduction of ROS level and inhibition of NLRP3 signalling.

scholarly journals The Na/K-ATPase Signaling: From Specific Ligands to General Reactive Oxygen Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Pratt ◽  
Cameron Brickman ◽  
Cameron Cottrill ◽  
Joseph Shapiro ◽  
Jiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Signaling Function ◽  
Amplification Loop

The signaling function of the Na/K-ATPase has been established for 20 years and is widely accepted in the field, with many excellent reports and reviews not cited here. Even though there is debate about the underlying mechanism, the signaling function is unquestioned. This short review looks back at the evolution of Na/K-ATPase signaling, from stimulation by cardiotonic steroids (also known as digitalis-like substances) as specific ligands to stimulation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in general. The interplay of cardiotonic steroids and ROS in Na/K-ATPase signaling forms a positive-feedback oxidant amplification loop that has been implicated in some pathophysiological conditions.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species and the Redox-Regulatory Network in Cold Stress Acclimation

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dreyer ◽  
Karl-Josef Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Stress Acclimation

Cold temperatures restrict plant growth, geographical extension of plant species, and agricultural practices. This review deals with cold stress above freezing temperatures often defined as chilling stress. It focuses on the redox regulatory network of the cell under cold temperature conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the final electron sink in this network which consists of redox input elements, transmitters, targets, and sensors. Following an introduction to the critical network components which include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent thioredoxin reductases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins, typical laboratory experiments for cold stress investigations will be described. Short term transcriptome and metabolome analyses allow for dissecting the early responses of network components and complement the vast data sets dealing with changes in the antioxidant system and ROS. This review gives examples of how such information may be integrated to advance our knowledge on the response and function of the redox regulatory network in cold stress acclimation. It will be exemplarily shown that targeting the redox network might be beneficial and supportive to improve cold stress acclimation and plant yield in cold climate.

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