scholarly journals Water Management in Agricultural Production, the Economy, and Venezuelan Society

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alejandra Moreno-Pizani
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Main Production

The availability of water resources has a direct impact on the economy of a country and the development of the main production processes, from agriculture, irrigation, and food production, to energy generation and water supply. The regional economic and social development is influenced by an adequate management of water resources because it stimulates the economy by expanding and ability to provide water for multiple uses, directly impacting on the generation of employment the improving the quality of life of the population. Venezuela has abundant surface water resources in the large basins. The northern part of Venezuela, where the highest percentage of the population and the main economic activities are based, face a severe water scarcity. Irrigation systems under public sector administration are characterized by large budgetary restrictions, with works for rehabilitation, operation, and maintenance generally carried out with inefficient results, due to lack of adequate technical supervision. There is a gap of official information that allows highlight the crisis that the agricultural sector has faced in the last decade. Another, very important aspect is Venezuela's severe energy crisis which began to present a deficit of electric power generation that has been alarmingly evident since 2009, which has worsened for more than a decade, causing the lack of electricity supply in large regions of the country for periods of time exceeding 100 h, contributing to aggravate the country's economic crisis. Due to the situation described, Venezuelan food systems have been seriously affected mainly by the advanced deterioration of irrigation infrastructure and the water availability on production processes. This paper explores and analyses the influence of water management on production Venezuelan economics and society, focus in three pillars representing the qualitative and quantitative relationships of water management and its impact on the system considering the aspects related to the sustainability of Venezuelan agri-food systems, analyzing the fundamental aspects for food production, main indicators related to the national economy, addressing the challenges to ensure food security.

scholarly journals PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEKITAR DANAU BERATAN DALAM KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA AIR

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. S. Dewi Rahadiani ◽  
I G.B. Sila Dharma ◽  
I N. Norken
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

Lakes are one of the surface water resources in Bali Island which supports the socio-economic activities of the community. The growing economic activities either in the tourism or agricultural sector have their effects on the emergence of various problems such as the environmental pollution, shallowness of lakes and erosions. The emergence of various pollutions and the decreased functions of the Lake Beratan is not separable from the intervention of the community living surrounding the lake so that the conservation efforts need the community participation living surrounding the lake. This is based on the idea that the success of the conservation of water resources does not only depend upon the government but the involvement of the community also becomes a key factor. This study aims to identify and analyze the participation of the community living surrounding the Lake Beratan in the conservation of water resources. The number of samples used in this study was 98 respondents gathered by means of purposive sampling in the village of Kembangmerta, the village of Candikuning I and Candikuning II which are located close to the area of Lake Beratan and the majority of the people there use the lake water for daily needs. The community participation is divided into two categories, less participations and good participations, calculated based on Likert scale while the effect of free variables such as age (X1), education (X2), income (X3), length of living (X4), and perception (X5) on bond variables were calculated using discriminating analysis. The result of the study shows that the community participation surrounding Beratan Lake in conserving water resources had been good. The differentiating variables were the age of the respondents and their incomes.

scholarly journals Impactos da Covid-19 na produção e comercialização de alimentos em Brasília-DF: desafios para os assentados/acampados da reforma agrária

GeoTextos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Luiza Barbosa Dias ◽  
Juscelino Eudâmidas Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

<p>O setor agrícola foi severamente afetado pela pandemia de Covid-19, gerando incertezas sobre a produção e a distribuição de alimentos, o que afetou diretamente o trabalho de milhões de agricultores. Este artigo visa a analisar o impacto da pandemia na produção de alimentos em Brasília-DF, especialmente entre os agricultores assentados/acampados da reforma agrária. Para a análise, foram utilizados dados primários obtidos através de um questionário on-line destinado ao público da reforma agrária em áreas rurais das regiões administrativas da capital federal, além de dados secundários, disponibilizados por instituições públicas. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto da pandemia foi intenso entre os agricultores, deixando-os extremamente vulneráveis, principalmente nos meses iniciais da pandemia. Como forma de enfretamento dos efeitos da pandemia, os trabalhadores adotaram quatro medidas específicas: a utilização do serviço de entrega delivery; a venda de cestas agroecológicas; a participação em redes solidárias e a venda direta em feira de reforma agrária. Essas novas dinâmicas de comercialização têm transformado as formas de interação campo-cidade ao demandar estratégias diferenciadas para alcançar os consumidores finais, contribuindo para amenizar os efeitos disruptivos da pandemia nos sistemas alimentares locais.</p><p><span>Abstract</span></p><p>IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON FOOD PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN BRASILIA-DF: CHALLENGES FOR AGRARIAN REFORM SETTLERS/CAMPED</p><p>The agricultural sector was severely affected by the pandemic of Covid-19, genera- ting uncertainties about food production and distribution, which directly affected the work of millions of farmers. This article aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on food production in Brasília-DF, especially among farmers settled in agrarian reform settlements. The analysis used primary data obtained through an on-line questionnaire addressed to the public of agrarian reform in rural areas of the administrative regions of the federal capital, as well as secondary data made available by public institutions. The results showed that the impact of the pandemic was intense among farmers, leaving them extremely vulnerable, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. As a way of countering the effects of the pandemic, workers have adopted four specific measures: the use of delivery services; the salof agro-ecological baskets; participation in solidarity networks; and direct sales at agrarian reform fairs. These new commercialization dynamics have transformed the forms of countryside-city interaction by demanding different strategies to reach final consumers, contributing to mitigate the pandemic’s disruptive effects on local food systems.</p>

scholarly journals Water Management for Sustainable Food Production

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Narayanan Kannan ◽  
Aavudai Anandhi
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Sustainable Food Production

The agricultural community has a challenge of increasing food production by more than 70% to meet demand from the global population increase by the mid-21st century. Sustainable food production involves the sustained availability of resources, such as water and energy, to agriculture. The key challenges to sustainable food production are population increase, increasing demands for food, climate change, and climate variability, decreasing per capita land and water resources. To discuss more details on (a) the challenges for sustainable food production and (b) mitigation options available, a special issue on “Water Management for Sustainable Food Production” was assembled. The special issue focused on issues such as irrigation using brackish water, virtual water trade, allocation of water resources, consequences of excess precipitation on crop yields, strategies to increase water productivity, rainwater harvesting, irrigation water management, deficit irrigation, and fertilization, environmental and socio-economic impacts, and irrigation water quality. Articles covered several water-related issues across the U.S., Asia, Middle-East, Africa, and Pakistan for sustainable food production. The articles in the special issue highlight the substantial impacts on agricultural production, water availability, and water quality in the face of increasing demands for food and energy.

Water Management in East Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew V. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
East Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
European Colonization

East Africa is among the most environmentally diverse regions of the continent, and this diversity is reflected in its hydrology. The steppe plains, home to much of the region’s great wildlife, are defined by scarcity of rainfall and surface water resources. Within this sea of aridity, mountain peaks such as Kilimanjaro, Kenya, and Meru induce large amounts of rainfall and give rise to rivers that reach out into the grasslands. To the west, the forest–savannah mosaic and the shorelines of the Great Lakes likewise feature plentiful precipitation and surface water, giving rise to abundant vegetation and marine life. The Indian Ocean coast falls between in terms of rain, but its fate has been shaped by oceanic trade. In short, East Africa is a hydrological mosaic that has long influenced the social, cultural, and economic diversity of its human populations. The peoples of East Africa have long depended on the region’s water resources for their livelihoods. They have made sense of the region’s waterscapes, and developed strategies to manage them, in ways that reflected their own needs. Water management consisted not just of hydrological and technological expertise, but also cultural, spiritual, and political expertise. These in turn shaped economic as well as social relationships and hierarchies. With the onset of European colonization in the 19th and 20th centuries, water management became a focal point of struggles between local communities and various colonial actors—government officers, scientists, missionaries, and settlers—who developed very different impressions of the region’s waterscapes. These struggles involved not only conflict over the physical control of water resources, but also debates over what constituted useful and relevant water-management knowledge. Colonial actors described their water management in terms of science and modernity, while existing knowledge and practice were framed as primitive, wasteful, and destructive. Over the 20th century, conflicts intensified as users, African as well as European, demanded larger shares of increasingly scarce water resources. The post-colonial period did not spell an end to these struggles. Since the late 20th century, water management has emerged as a key aspect of national strategies for economic and social development. Yet decades of emphasis and millions of dollars spent have not led to sufficient progress in providing water to everyday people. Today, millions of East Africans lack access to clean, reliable water, a problem that is likely to worsen in the future.

scholarly journals Unsustainable groundwater use for global food production and related international trade

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Dalin ◽  
Makoto Taniguchi ◽  
Timothy R. Green
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
Global Food

Non-technical summary Most of the water humans consume is for agriculture. Rapidly increasing water demand has led to overexploitation of water resources in many important food-producing regions. In particular, growing groundwater-based irrigation causes potentially damaging depletion. Food systems are increasingly globalized, leading to large export-oriented production. Much research has focused on quantifying the amount of water resources embedded in traded products, but less attention has been given to the role of groundwater use and the related sustainability of agriculture globally. We assess current knowledge of virtual water trade in light of groundwater use and sustainability and highlight remaining challenges in this field.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Acceptance of Sustainable Practices in Water Management for the Intensive Agriculture of the Costa de Hermosillo (Mexico)

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Claudia Ochoa-Noriega ◽  
Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz ◽  
José A. Aznar-Sánchez ◽  
Belén López-Felices
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
High Level

Mexico, as many countries, relies on its aquifers to provide at least 60% of all irrigation water to produce crops every year. Often, the water withdrawal goes beyond what the aquifer can be replenished by the little rainfall. Mexico is a country that has experienced a successful process of regional development based on the adoption of intensive agricultural systems. However, this development has occurred in an unplanned way and displays shortcomings in terms of sustainability, particularly in the management of water resources. This study analysed the case of Costa de Hermosillo, which is one of the Mexican regions in which this model of intensive agriculture has been developed and where there is a high level of overexploitation of its groundwater resources. Based on the application of a qualitative methodology involving different stakeholders (farmers, policymakers, and researchers), the main barriers and facilitators for achieving sustainability in water resources management have been identified. A series of consensus-based measures were contemplated, which may lead to the adoption of sustainable practices in water management. Useful lessons can be drawn from this analysis and be applied to other agricultural areas where ground and surface water resources are overexploited, alternative water sources are overlooked, and where stakeholders have conflicting interests in water management.

scholarly journals Assessment of surface water management institutions: a case of public irrigation schemes in northern Algeria

Water Policy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Oulmane ◽  
Abdelhadi Kechar ◽  
Ahmed Benmihoub ◽  
M. Amine Benmehaia
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Large Irrigation

Abstract The pressure on water resources that Algeria encounters is due to the scarcity and the water demand increase by different sectors of activity. This induces managers to reconsider the traditional supply management approach. The new water policies aim to adopt water demand management by improving the efficiency of its use in the agricultural sector, which consumes more than 59% of freshwater withdrawals. Economic, regulatory, and voluntary instruments have been adopted for better governance of water resources. This study aims to (i) define institutional arrangements on the exploitation of surface water in large irrigation schemes in Algeria and (ii) assess the effectiveness of the current water management instruments. Findings from farmers’ and water distribution agencies’ surveys suggest that objectives expected by the application of the different economic instruments are far from being achieved. Moreover, the absence of effective executive agencies for the implementation of regulations suggests that an improvement in the performance of public administration is necessary to achieve better governance of irrigation water in Algeria. At the local level, and despite a lack of farmers’ will to formally engage in a collective of farmers, they organize themselves around informal arrangements to overcome the challenges associated with water scarcity.

Water management and food production in China and India: a comparative assessment

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximing Cai ◽  
Mark W. Rosegrant
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
China And India ◽  
Common Problems

China and India have different climatic and hydrologic features, which characterize their agricultural production; they have experienced different water resources development in supporting their agriculture. In this paper, we try to indicate diversified water management strategies for China and India based on comparisons between the two countries. We also address their common problems and perspectives in water management and agriculture. This paper concludes that China's major challenge is to improve irrigation by more efficient use of water. On the other hand, India may have a greater potential in irrigating more land, improving rainfed crop yields, as well as creating efficient use of water.

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