scholarly journals Metabolizable Protein: 1. Predicting Equations to Estimate Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Small Ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Alvarenga Santos ◽  
Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽  
Diego Zanetti ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Concordance Correlation ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Microbial crude protein (MCP) produced in rumen could be estimated by a variety of protocols of experimental sampling and analysis. However, a model to estimate this value is necessary when protein requirements are calculated for small ruminants. This model could be useful to calculate rumen degradable protein (RDP) requirements from metabolizable protein (MP). Then, our objective was to investigate if there is a difference in MCP efficiency between sheep and goats, and to fit equations to predict ruminal MCP production from dietary energy intake. The database consisted of 19 studies with goats (n = 176) and sheep (n = 316), and the variables MCP synthesis (g/day), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and organic matter (OM) intakes (g/day), and OM digestibility (g/kg DM) were registered for both species. The database was used for two different purposes, where 70% of the values were sorted to fit equations, and 30% for validation. A meta-analytical procedure was carried out using the MIXED procedure of SAS, specie was considered as the fixed dummy effect, and the intercept and slope nested in the study were considered random effects. No effect of specie was observed for the estimation of MCP from TDN, digestible Organic Matter (dOM), or metabolizable energy (ME) intakes (P > 0.05), considering an equation with or without an intercept. Therefore, single models including both species at the same fitting were validated. The following equations MCP (g/day) = 12.7311 + 59.2956 × TDN intake (AIC = 3,004.6); MCP (g/day) = 15.7764 + 62.2612 × dOM intake (AIC = 2,755.1); and MCP (g/day) = 12.7311 + 15.3000 × ME intake (AIC = 3,007.3) presented lower values for the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) and its decomposition, and similar values for the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and for the residual mean square error (RMSE) when compared with equations fitted without an intercept. The intercept and slope pooled test was significant for equations without an intercept (P < 0.05), indicating that observed and predicted data differed. In contrast, predicted and observed data for complete equations were similar (P > 0.05).

A note on the apparent digestibility of energy and protein in dried poultry excreta

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Lowman ◽  
D. W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Detailed Work

SUMMARYThe nutritional value of dried poultry excreta was investigated by determining the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, energy and copper in five diets containing 0 to 100% of this feed. Dried poultry excreta supplied 20·21% apparently digestible crude protein and approximately 1·57 or 1·74 Mcal of metabolizable energy per kg dry matter.The copper in dried poultry excreta was found to be less digestible than the copper in barley. It is concluded that, as far as copper levels are concerned, dried poultry excreta are safe for ruminants, and are a source ofcheap protein. More detailed work is needed to determine the metabolizable energy of the material accurately.

scholarly journals Rejuvenation affects nutritive value of long-established tame forages

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
S. B. M. Wright ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
P. Curry ◽  
L. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Animal Data ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Site

Rejuvenation of forage stands is probably the most economic and practical method to improve production and quality of forage stands. Animal data are ultimately needed to validate the viability of the rejuvenation technique. This study determined animal responses to changes in forage nutrient composition following three methods of rejuvenation. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay was harvested from rejuvenated plots on Black Chernozemic and Gray Luvisolic soils in Saskatchewan and fed to 24 ram lambs. The hay was harvested at two stages of maturity from plots that underwent the following rejuvenation techniques, selected to provide a range of responses: deep-banded liquid plus broadcast granular fertilizer (providing 200 kg N ha-1, 90 kg P2O5 ha-1, 46 kg K2O ha-1, 24 kg S ha-1), spring burn, and control. As maturity advanced, digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) (g d-1 kg-0.75) decreased (P < 0.05) for all diets harvested from burn and fertilizer plots. DMI (g d-1) and DOMI were always greater (P < 0.05) for hay (both early or late harvest) from the rejuvenated plots than from control plots. Grass-legume hay harvested early from spring burn treatment from the Gray Luvi solic soil site had a greater (P < 0.05) voluntary intake, (85.4 g d-1 kg-0.75) as compared with forage from control plots (76.2 g d-1 kg-0.75). Apparent digestibilities of DM and organic matter were greater (P < 0.01) for early harvested forage from control plots at the Gray Luvisolic soil site than early harvested hay from the fertilized plots. Metabolizable energy content was higher (P < 0.05) for early harvested hay from burn and fertilized plots at the Black soil site than hay from control plots. These results suggest that existing forage species, if harvested early, can be responsive to rejuvenation, resulting in improved animal performance. Key words: Rejuvenation, fertilizer, burn, lamb, grass-legume hay

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

Models of heat production and critical temperature for growing pigs

1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bruce ◽  
J. J. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mean Square

ABSTRACT1. A deterministic model for thermoneutral heat production of growing pigs on barley-based diets has been developed and validated. The model variables are live weight (20 to 100 kg) and metabolizable energy intake (not less than maintenance). The root-mean-square error for 62 data is 049 MJ/day (3·2%).2. A deterministic model for heat production of growing pigs below their critical temperature has been developed and validated. The model variables are: air temperature, air velocity, floor type, live weight (20 to 100 kg), and group size. The root-mean-square error for 78 data is 0·77 MJ/day (5·6%).3. The two heat production models are combined to give a model for the lower critical temperature for growing pigs.4. These models may be used to quantify and compare the effects on energy balance of different combinations of nutrition and environment. They should help to clarify the issues when practical decisions in pig production are made and should also help in the design of nutritional and physiological experiments.

scholarly journals Dry matter yields and quality parameters of ten Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) genotypes at three locations in western Oromia, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Abuye Tulu ◽  
Mekonnen Diribsa ◽  
Worku Temesgen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter

Ten Napier grass genotypes (accessions) were assessed across 3 locations, Bako, Boneya Boshe and Gute, for forage dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) concentration, leaf:stem ratio, nutrient composition and digestibility characteristics during 2016 and 2017. The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Mean DM yield was higher for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations followed by ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800. Leaf:stem ratio, CP concentration and CP and digestible organic matter (OM) yields also varied significantly among genotypes with the highest values obtained for accession ILRI 16804 across all locations, followed by ILRI 16800 and ILRI 16801. Yields of DM, CP and digestible OM and leaf:stem ratio were higher at Boneya Boshe and Gute than at Bako and higher during 2017 than during 2016. The consistently superior performance of ILRI 16804, ILRI 16801 and ILRI 16800 in both years across the 3 sites suggests that these genotypes should be studied further on farms and in differing environments before being recommended for general cultivation in this area. Examining performance with more frequent harvests and feeding studies with livestock would confirm the benefits to be obtained from planting these new accessions.

Influence of clipping regime and silage quality on the performance of pregnant and lactating ewes

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Heather J Black ◽  
D H B Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Additional Influence ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Winter clipping of breeding ewes has given variable increases in lamb birth weight associated mainly with increased ewe voluntary food intake (Rutter, Laird and Broadbent, 1972; Vipond, King, Inglis and Hunter, 1987). The requirement for energy is greatest during the last six weeks of pregnancy but increasing uterine occupation of rumen volume may limit the ewe's ability to increase intake after clipping in late pregnancy. The additional influence of forage quality on intake after clipping is not clear. The present experiment was designed to study the independent and interacting effects of clipping regime and silage quality on lambing performance.Sixty Greyface ewes of uniform age were individually penned 14 weeks before lambing. Precision chop silage offered ad libitum was either early cut [188.3 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 155.7 g crude protein (CP)/kg DM, 740 g digestible organic matter (DOM)/kg DM] or late cut (184.5 g DM/kg, 100.9 g CP/kg DM, 689 g DOM/kg DM). For all treatments concentrate feeding was introduced 7 weeks before lambing, on an increasing scale to provide a total of 21 kg/ewe. Silage type was factorially arranged with 6 clipping regimes.

Digital mapping of the organic matter content of chernozem soils on an area endangered by erosion in the Mezőföld region

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Szatmári ◽  
Károly Barta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Munkánkban egy mezőföldi, döntően szántóföldi hasznosítású, vízerózióval veszélyeztetett mintaterület talajtakarójának szervesanyag-tartalmára vonatkozóan kívántunk geostatisztikai alapú becslést adni. Az Előszállástól DNy-ra elhelyezkedő kutatási területen löszön képződött mészlepedékes csernozjom, illetve az erózió bizonyítékaként lejtőhordalék és földes kopár talajokat találunk.Munkánkban a legnagyobb kihívást a száz darab szervesanyag-tartalom adat átlagában megjelenő szisztematikus változás jelentette, mely trend (vagy drift) jelenlétére utalt. A trend jelenléte sérti a geostatisztikában ismeretes belső hipotézist, melynek fontos következménye, hogy a számított tapasztalati félvariogram alkalmatlan a szervesanyag-tartalom valoszin.segi fuggvenyenek masodik momentumanak a jellemzesere. E problema kikuszobolesere a regresszio krigelest, mint terbeli becslesi algoritmust hasznaltuk, mely szimultan alkalmazza a fugg. valtozo es a segedadatok kozotti regressziot es a regresszio reziduumain alapulo krigelest.A segedadatokat az altalunk elkeszitett digitalis domborzatmodellb.l es terulet-hasznositasi terkepb.l szarmaztattuk. A fuggetlen valtozok multikollinearitasanak elkerulese vegett f.komponens analizist vegeztunk. A tobbszoros linearis regresszio analizis soran 5%-os szignifikancia szint mellett 6 darab prediktor bizonyult szignifikansnak. A vizsgalat eredmenyekent kapott regresszio R2 erteke 54%-nak adodott, ami azt jelenti, hogy a szervesanyag-tartalom terbeli valtozekonysaganak tobb mint 50%-at le tudtuk irni a modellel. Ezt kovet.en elkeszitettuk a reziduumok tapasztalati felvariogramjat, mely kielegitette a bels. hipotezist. A felvariogramra elmeleti modellt illesztettunk. A regresszios fuggveny es az elmeleti felvariogram modell segitsegevel elvegezhet. volt a regresszio krigeles.A terbeli becsles eredmenyekent kapott humusztartalom terkepet 15 darab fuggetlen meresi adattal ertekeltuk. A kiszamitott ME (Mean Error), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) es RMNSE (Root Mean Normalized Square Error) parameterek erteke 0,063; 0,224 es 0,978 volt. A kapott eredmenyek alapjan azt a kovetkeztetest vontuk le, hogy a megszerkesztett szervesanyag-tartalom terkep jol kozeliti a mintateruleten varhato humusztartalom terbeli eloszlasat. Tovabbi vizsgalatokat vegeztunk az iranyban, hogy a humuszterkep kategoriai mikent viszonyulnak a terulethasznositasi tipusokhoz. A legalacsonyabb szervesanyag-tartalom kategoria maximalis terulettel a szantofoldeken jelentkezett, melynek oka a szerves anyag mestersegesen felgyorsitott mineralizaciojaval es a szantokat sujto vizerozioval magyarazhato.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STAGE OF MATURITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF KOCHIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. KNIPFEL ◽  
J. A. KERNAN ◽  
E. C. COXWORTH ◽  
R. D. H. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein

A trial was conducted to determine the nutritive value for sheep of kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad) grown on saline soil and harvested at the early seed stage and the full bloom stage of maturity. There was a significant decrease in digestible organic matter intake (DOMI) and digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) with increasing kochia maturity (31.6 vs. 23.2 g DOMI kg−0.75 (SE = 0.6; P < 0.05) and 4.22 vs. 1.41 g DCPI kg−0.75 (SE < 0.001; P < 0.05)). Early cut kochia appears to be at least equivalent in digestible energy to alfalfa, but lower in digestible protein. Key words: Kochia, maturity, nutritive value, sheep

The digestion of pasture plants by sheep. IV*. The digestion of Phalaris tuberosa at different stages of maturity

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hogan ◽  
RH Weston ◽  
JR Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Dietary Origin

A study was made of the composition, intake, and digestion of dried Phalaris tuberosa forage that had been harvested at three stages of maturity. Advancing maturity was associated with: (i) decreased food intake; (ii) increased expenditure of time and energy in chewing activities; (iii) decline in the rate of flow of digesta from the abomasum though not from the rumen; (iv) decline in digestibility in the whole tract of organic matter, nitrogen, and the structural carbohydrates; (v) decline in the digestion of fibre in the rumen relative to that occurring in the whole tract; (vi) decline in the quantities of volatile fatty acids and amino acids made available to the animal. By contrast only small differences attributable to maturity were observed in: (i) the distribution of digestion of organic matter between stomach and intestines; (ii) the digestibility of nitrogen other than ammonia in the intestines; (iii) the proportions of digestible organic matter derived from volatile fatty acids and amino acids; (iv) the proportions of individual amino acids in the digesta passing to the intestine. It was calculated that microbial piotcin contributed 33, 38, and 47% of the protein passing from the stomach to the intestincs with the diets of advancing maturity. Most of the remaining protein was presumably of dietary origin. About 80% of the crude protein in the digesta was present in the form of amino acids, and the quantities of amino acids released in the intestines were calculated to be equivalent to 64–66 g/100 g crude protein intake. With advancing maturity of the diets the plasma levels of the essential ammo acids except lysine, histidine, and arginine declined; there was little effect of diet on the plasma levels 01 non-essential amino acids. However, relative to total essential amino acids, the ratios of valine and leucine decreased with advancing maturity of the diet while those of lysine, histidine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, and serine increased. * Part 111, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 1969, 20, 347.

Responses in the growth of body components of finishing lambs to additional metabolizable energy supplied from either grass silage or concentrates

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
S. D. Johnston ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick ◽  
D. M. B. Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractTwo experiments involving 213 finishing lambs were carried out to examine the responses in growth rate and carcass composition to the addition ofmetabolizable energy (ME) to a mixed diet in theform ofeither grass silage concentrate. In the second experiment the performance of lambs offered silage only was also compared at equal intake with the performance of lambs given mixed diets. On average the silages contained 224 g dry matter (DM) per kg; 148 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM; 86 g ammonia-nitrogen per kg total nitrogen and 723 g digestible organic matter per kg DM. Concentrates were based on barley and soya-bean meal and contained 181 g CP per DM. Responses in carcass weight gain when additional ME was added to mixed silagelconcentrate diets in theform ofgrass silage and concentrates were 9·2 and 10·2 (s.e. 0·90) gIM] respectively in experiment 1 and 9·8 and 10-(s.e. 0·33) g/MJ respectively in experiment 2, and responses in energy retention in experiment 2 were 0·34 and 0-(s.e. 0·012) MJ/M] respectively. However carcass gain and energy retention sustained by a silage only diet were only 0·67 and 0·70 respectively of those sustained by a high-concentrate diet at the same ME intake. The diet did not significantly affect body or carcass composition.

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