scholarly journals The Next Step to Further Decrease Veterinary Antibiotic Applications: Phytogenic Alternatives and Effective Monitoring; the Dutch Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Groot ◽  
Bjorn J. A. Berendsen ◽  
Natalie B. Cleton
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Natural Remedies ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotic ◽  
On Farm

Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases in both animals and humans. They can be life-saving compounds but excessive use in animal husbandry leads to the development of antibiotic resistance which can impact the public health. Since similar antibiotics are used in both animal and human healthcare, it is important to reduce the use of antibiotics in production animals. In the Netherlands policies have been developed aiming for a decrease of antibiotic usage in animals, and alternatives to antibiotics are investigated. Currently, a one-on-one relationship between farmer and veterinarian is successfully implemented and (national) registration of antibiotic usage is mandatory. Unfortunately, after a 70% decrease in antibiotic usage since 2009, this decrease is now stagnating in most sectors. Innovative strategies are required to facilitate a further reduction. One promising option is a focus on farm management and natural alternatives to antibiotics. The Dutch government has invested in the spread of knowledge of natural remedies and good animal management to support animal health via so called Barnbooks for farmers and veterinarians. Another option is the analysis of on-farm antibiotic use to prevent unregistered applications. New (bio)analytical strategies to monitor the correct and complete registration of antibiotic usage have been developed and trial-tested in the Netherlands. Such strategies support a risk-based monitoring and allow effective selection of high-risk (high antibiotic use or illegal antibiotic) users. Both effective monitoring and the availability and knowledge of alternatives is a prerequisite to achieve a further significant decrease in antibiotic veterinary usage.

scholarly journals High Heritabilities for Antibiotic Usage Show Potential to Breed for Disease Resistance in Finishing Pigs

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Wim Gorssen ◽  
Dominiek Maes ◽  
Roel Meyermans ◽  
Jürgen Depuydt ◽  
Steven Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
On Farm

The use of antimicrobials in animal production is under public debate, mainly due to the risk of transfer of resistance to pathogenic bacteria in humans. Therefore, measures have been taken during the last few decades to reduce antibiotic usage in animals, for instance, by national monitoring programmes and by improving animal health management. Although some initiatives exist in molecular genetic selection, quantitative genetic selection of animals towards decreased antibiotic usage is an underexplored area to reduce antibiotic usage. However, this strategy could yield cumulative effects. In this study, we derived new phenotypes from on-farm parenteral antibiotic records from commercially grown crossbred finishing pigs used in the progeny test of Piétrain terminal sires to investigate the heritability of antibiotics usage. Parenteral antibiotic records, production parameters and pedigree records of 2238 full-sib pens from two experimental farms in Belgium between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. Heritability estimates were moderate (18–44%) for phenotypes derived from all antibiotic treatments, and low (1–15%) for phenotypes derived from treatments against respiratory diseases only. Moreover, genetic correlations between these new phenotypes and mortality were low to moderate (0.08–0.60) and no strong adverse genetic correlations with production traits were found. The high heritabilities and favourable genetic correlations suggest these new phenotypes, derived from on-farm antibiotics records, to be promising for inclusion in future pig breeding programs to breed for a decrease in antibiotics usage.

scholarly journals High heritabilities for antibiotic usage show potential to breed for disease resistance in finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Gorssen ◽  
Dominiek Maes ◽  
Roel Meyermans ◽  
Jurgen Depuydt ◽  
Steven Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Parenteral Antibiotic ◽  
On Farm

The use of antimicrobials in animal production is under public debate, mainly due to the risk of transfer of resistance to pathogenic bacteria in humans. Therefore, measures have been taken during the last decades to reduce antibiotic usage in animals, for instance by national monitoring programmes and by improving animal health management. Although some initiatives exist in molecular genetic selection, quantitative genetic selection of animals towards decreased antibiotic usage is an underexplored area to reduce antibiotic usage. However, this strategy could yield cumulative effects. In this study we derived new phenotypes from on-farm parenteral antibiotic records from commercially grown crossbred finishing pigs used in the progeny test of Pietrain terminal sires to investigate the heritability of antibiotics usage. Parenteral antibiotic records, production parameters and pedigree records of 2238 full-sib pens from two experimental farms in Belgium between 2014 and 2020 were analysed. Heritability estimates were moderate (18-44%) for phenotypes derived from all antibiotic treatments, and low (1-15%) for phenotypes derived from treatments against respiratory diseases only. Moreover, genetic correlations between these new phenotypes and mortality were low to moderate (0.08-0.60) and no strong adverse genetic correlations with production traits were found. The high heritabilities and favourable genetic correlations suggest these new phenotypes derived from on-farm antibiotics records to be promising for inclusion in future pig breeding programs to breed for a decrease in antibiotics usage.

The use of environmental enrichment on farms benefits animal welfare and productivity

Livestock ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Sarah L Bolt ◽  
Adam J George
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
Farm Animal ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Housing Facilities

Environmental enrichment is a key aspect of animal welfare and productivity. Enrichment for livestock can be cost effective and used successfully on farm. The benefits generally outweigh any costs of providing enrichment and it should be taken into account when providing housing facilities for farm animals. It also reduces abnormal behaviours commonly seen in production animals, thus decreasing issues associated with poor animal health. The aim of this review is to summarise information and research that highlights the importance of understanding farm animal behaviour and indicates how enrichment will benefit the welfare and productivity of livestock.

scholarly journals Paperwork and the decoupling of audit and animal welfare: The challenges of materiality for better regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Escobar ◽  
David Demeritt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Policy Document ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
On Farm

This article uses the case of animal welfare to contribute to academic debates about audit and better regulation reforms designed to reduce administrative burdens and increase regulatory effectiveness. Combining desk-based policy document analysis, on-farm field visits, and 31 interviews with livestock farmers and animal health and welfare inspectors in England, it explores farmers' record-keeping practices and the contrasting role regulatory records are understood to play in assurance and good animal husbandry by farmers, regulatory inspectors, and veterinary experts. Farmers experience record-keeping as something they must do to satisfy external regulatory demands rather than anything that good farmers might themselves use in caring for their livestock. As a result they regard paperwork as burdensome and often fail to comply with record-keeping requirements. By contrast, inspectors and animal welfare experts frame record-keeping and analysis as central to good animal husbandry and to a properly anticipatory approach to managing animal health and welfare. Those veterinary-medical presumptions about farm practice inform both the design of specific animal welfare record-keeping requirements and their self-effacing conceit as being about peering over the farmer's shoulder to audit already existing records. Our findings highlight the dual tendency for the practice of regulatory record-keeping to become decoupled from both the formal requirements and from the quality of care that paperwork is meant to assure. Our analysis extends the critical literature on audit and regulation by drawing on the materialist tradition of science and technology studies to elucidate how this decoupling is shaped by the physical form and materiality of records themselves.

scholarly journals ESBL-Producing, Carbapenem- and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Belgian and Dutch Broiler and Pig Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Cross-Border Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Sien De Koster ◽  
Moniek Ringenier ◽  
Christine Lammens ◽  
Arjan Stegeman ◽  
Tijs Tobias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Pig Farms

Background. The use of antibiotics in food production selects for resistant bacteria and may cause a threat to human and animal health. Belgium and the Netherlands have one of the highest densities of broilers and pigs in Europe, making active monitoring of antibiotic use and resistance in this region vital. Objectives. This study aimed to quantify ESBL-producing (ESBL-E. coli), carbapenem- and ciprofloxacin-resistant (CiproR) Escherichia coli in animal feces on broiler and pig farms with a history of high antibiotic use in Belgium and the Netherlands. Methods. A total of 779 broiler and 817 pig fecal samples, collected from 29 conventional broiler and 31 multiplier pig farms in the cross-border region of Belgium and the Netherlands, were screened for the presence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli using selective culturing. Results. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli were not detected. ESBL-E. coli were remarkably more prevalent in samples from Belgian than Dutch farms. However, CiproR-E. coli were highly prevalent in broilers of both countries. The percentage of samples with ESBL- and CiproR-E. coli was lower in pig compared to poultry farms and varied between farms. No clear association with the on-farm antibiotic use in the year preceding sampling was observed. Multidrug resistance was frequently observed in samples from both countries, but ESBL-production in combination with ciprofloxacin resistance was higher in samples from Belgium. Conclusions. This study demonstrated marked differences in antibiotic resistance between countries, farms and within farms. The observed variation cannot be explained straightforward by prior quantity of antibiotic use suggesting that it results from more complex interactions that warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) Survey among Veterinarians, and Risk Factors Relating to Antimicrobial Use and Treatment Failure in Dairy Herds of India

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Vijay ◽  
Jasbir Singh Bedi ◽  
Pankaj Dhaka ◽  
Randhir Singh ◽  
Jaswinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
World Health ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey

The indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials in the animal health sector contributes immensely to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The present study aims to assess the antimicrobial usage pattern and risk factors for AMR in animal husbandry sector of India. A cross-sectional survey about Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) among veterinarians was carried out using a questionnaire comprising of 52 parameters associated with antibiotic use and the emergence of AMR in dairy herds. Respondents’ KAP scores were estimated to rank their level of knowledge, attitude, and practice. Furthermore, risk factors associated with treatment failure were analyzed by univariable and multivariable analyses. Out of a total of 466 respondents, the majority had average knowledge (69.5%), neutral attitude (93.2%), and moderate practice (51.3%) scores toward judicious antibiotic usage. Veterinarians reported mastitis (88.0%), reproductive disorders (76.6%), and hemoprotozoan infections (49.6%) as the top three disease conditions that require antibiotic usage. Most of the veterinarians (90.6%) resorted to their “own experience” as the main criteria for antibiotic choice. The use of the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIA) listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in animals, particularly quinolones (76.8%) and third-generation cephalosporins (47.8%), has been reported. On multivariable regression analysis of the risk factors, the lack of cooperation of the dairy farmers in the completion of a prescribed antibiotic course by the veterinarian and the demand for antibiotic use even in conditions not requiring antibiotic use were found to be significantly associated with the outcome variable “treatment failure” having respective odds of 1.8 (95%CI: 1.1–3.0) and 3.6 (95%CI: 2.3–5.8) (p < 0.05). The average KAP score of veterinarians, poor farm management practices, lack of awareness among farmers on prudent antibiotic use, and lack of antibiotic stewardship are the significant factors that need attention to combat the rising AMR in veterinary sector in India.

THE RELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD BEHAVIOR OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE ON SOCIETY IN TALANG JAWA HEALTH CENTER OF SOUTH LAMPUNG AUGUST PERIOD 2019

1970 ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Lilik Koernia Wahidah
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Health Centre ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Use Behavior

In developing countries, many antibiotics are used without a doctor's prescription, causing someone to use antibiotics incorrectly. Lack of knowledge about antibiotics is a major factor that triggers an increase in the rate of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Knowledge and attitude become one of the social cognitive factors that influence antibiotic use behavior.This study aims to determine the relationship of knowladge and attitudes toward of antibiotic usage behavior in community of Talang jawa public health centre. The research is an observasional analytic research using cross sectional study design. sampling using non-probability sampling methode with type purposive sampling and instruments in the form of questionnaires. The data analysis was based univariate and bivariate analysis eqipped with chi square. The study was conducted on 100 community respondents in the Talang Jawa Health Center. The results showed respondents with good knowledge (25%), enough (27%) and less (48%). Respondents with positive attitudes (64%) and negative attitudes (35%). Respondents with positive behavior (43%) and negative behavior (57%). Chi square test result showed that there was a significant relationship between knowladge and antibiotic use behavior (p= 0,000) and there was a significant relationship between attitude and antibiotic use behavior (p= 0,000). This study has a meaningful relationship between and attitudes with antibiotic use behavior in Talang Jawa Health Center. Keywords: Antibiotics,Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior

scholarly journals 180. Leveraging the Electronic Medical Record as a Method of Antibiotic Stewardship

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S97-S97
Author(s):  
Christina M Kaul ◽  
Eric Molina ◽  
Donna Armellino ◽  
Mary Ellen Schilling ◽  
Mark Jarrett
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Electronic Medical Record ◽  
Antibiotic Stewardship ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Viable Method

Abstract Background Overutilization of antibiotics remains an issue in the inpatient setting. What is more, many protocols geared toward curbing improper antibiotic use rely heavily on resource- and personnel-intensive interventions. Thus, the potential for using the EMR to facilitate antibiotic stewardship remains largely unexplored. Methods We implemented a novel change for ordering certain antibiotics in our EMR: ceftriaxone, daptomycin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. When ordering one of these antibiotics, providers had to note a usage indication, which assigned a usage duration as per our Antibiotic Stewardship Committee guidelines. Pre-intervention, manual discontinuation was required if a provider did not enter a duration. The intervention was enacted August 2019 in 13 hospitals. Data was collected from January 2018 to February 2020. Antibiotic usage was reported monthly as rate per 1000-patient days. Monthly pre- and post-intervention rates were averaged, respectively. Paired samples t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-intervention rates per unit type per hospital. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Units with minimal usage, as defined by a pre- or post-intervention mean of 0, were excluded from analysis. Example of Ordering an Antibiotic Prior to Intervention Example of Ordering an Antibiotic After Intervention Results Ertapenem was noted to have a statistically significant decrease in utilization in seven units at three hospitals. Piperacillin-tazobactam was found to have a decrease in utilization in 19 units at eight hospitals. Daptomycin was found to have a decrease in utilization in one unit. Significant decreases in the utilization of ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem were not noted. Example of Statistically Significant Decreased Utilization in Piperacillin-Tazobactam on a Medical-Surglcal Unit Conclusion Our study showed a statistically significant decrease in use of ertapenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and daptomycin using a simple built-in EMR prompt that curtails provider error. This should allow for an increased ease of integration, as the protocol does not require a host of resources for maintenance. Of note is decreased utilization of piperacillin-tazobactam and ertapenem across multiple hospitals, most notably on the medical and surgical wards. Thus, usage of the EMR without personnel-intensive protocols is a viable method for augmenting antibiotic stewardship in health systems. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

The RUMA Alliance targets: an overview

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Chris Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ongoing Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Roll Out

The Responsible Use of Medicines in Agriculture Alliance (RUMA) was established to promote the highest standards of food safety, animal health and animal welfare in the British livestock industry. It has a current focus to deliver on the Government objective of identifying sector-specific targets for the reduction, refinement or replacement of antibiotics in animal agriculture. The creation and roll out of sector specific targets in 2017 through the RUMA Targets Task Force, has helped focus activity across the UK livestock sectors to achieve a 50% reduction in antibiotic use since 2014. This has been realised principally through voluntary multi-sector collaboration, cross sector initiatives, codes of practice, industry body support and farm assurance schemes. This article provides an overview of RUMA's work to date providing insight into the methods used to create the targets, why they are so important, the impact they are having and how ongoing support and robust data are vital components in achieving the latest set of targets.

scholarly journals Will Fly Repellency Using Deltamethrin Reduce Intramammary Infections, Stress and Fatigue Indicators of Dairy Ewes under Intensive Management?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos ◽  
Georgios Sioutas ◽  
Eleutherios Triantafillou ◽  
Athanasios I. Gelasakis ◽  
Elias Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
Cell Counts

Intramammary infections (IMIs) caused by various pathogens may lead to clinical or subclinical mastitis, challenging the health and welfare status of infected animals and decreasing the quantity and quality of the produced milk. Additionally, the zoonotic potential of some of the pathogens isolated from IMI cases, the emergence of antibiotic resistance due to the extensive antibiotic use for IMI treatment, and the accumulation of antibiotic residues in milk and meat represent significant concerns for public health. Therefore, the investigation of IMI risk factors and the proposal of efficient measures to mitigate their effects on animal health and welfare is crucial. Although fly infestation is considered to play a significant role in the transmission of IMI pathogens, its adverse effects on udder health and the overall comfort status of dairy ewes have not been quantified and assessed on an evidential basis. Hence, the objectives of this study were to assess, for the first time, the fly repellent effect of deltamethrin and link it to: (i) the occurrence of common bacterial IMI; (ii) the somatic cell counts in milk; and (iii) the serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels (stress and fatigue indicators). The study was carried out in an intensive dairy sheep farm in northern Greece, during peak fly season. Deltamethrin treatment was associated with a reduced (i) number of flies (mostly Musca domestica) landing on treated ewes, compared to untreated ones (p < 0.05); (ii) colony-forming units in the case of Non-aureus Staphylococci IMIs (p < 0.05); and (iii) number of somatic cells in the milk (p < 0.001). Finally, serum cortisol and creatine kinase levels were significantly lower in deltamethrin-treated ewes (p < 0.001), indicating a less stressful environment for them.

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