Impact of Lameness on Attributes of Feeding Registered with Noseband Sensor in Fresh Dairy Cows

We hypothesized that lameness in fresh dairy cows (1–30 days after calving) has an impact on attributes of feeding registered with a noseband sensor. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of lameness in fresh dairy cows on attributes of feeding (registered with the RumiWatch noseband sensor): rumination time (RT), drinking time (DT), eating time (ET), rumination chews (RC), eating chews (EC), chews per minute (CM), drinking gulps (DG), bolus count (B), and chews per bolus (CB). The measurement registration was started at the first day after calving and continued until 30 days after calving. There were 20 Lithuanian black and white breed cows selected. Lameness diagnosis was performed by trained staff based on a locomotion score system and it was diagnosed on average on the 15th day after calving. The causes of lameness were categorized as sole ulcer, abscess and foot rot. Special attention was paid to attributes of feeding registered 14 days before and 13 days after diagnosis. The 10 lame cows (LG) used in this experiment had a lameness score of 3–4 presented with severe lameness: they were reluctant to move and unwilling to complete weight transfer off the affected limb. The 10 healthy cows (HG) were given a lameness score of 1. We found that lameness of fresh dairy cows has an impact on inline registered ingestive behaviors biomarkers—the mean RT of HG cows was as much as 2.19 times higher than that of LG cows on the day of diagnosis of lameness, later this difference between the groups decreased to the sixth day of treatment, then increased again and decreased at the end of the experiment. The lowest eating time was found on diagnosis day and the highest on the ninth day before determination of lameness. Drinking time was higher in the HG group, with the exception of 10 and 9 days prior to clinical signs of disease in LG cows. A downward trend in rumination chews was observed in LG cows from day 7 until the onset of clinical symptoms. The bolus count decreased from day 3 before diagnosis to day 1 after diagnosis in LG cows. The largest difference in this indicator between groups was found on day of diagnosis. Analysing the pattern of CM values in the LG group, we found a decrease from 10 days before to 2 days after diagnosis. The CB value was almost the same in both groups of cows at the end of the experiment, but largest difference between the groups was found on day 7 after clinical sings of lameness.

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improve clinical symptoms in patients with covid-19: A randomized clinical trial

10.22541/au.161051252.26168891/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Sedighiyan ◽

Hamed Abdollahi ◽

Elmira Karimi ◽

Mostafa Badeli ◽

Reza Erfanian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Body Pain

Objective: We hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids would be an appropriate adjunct therapy for alleviating the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation in hospitalized patients with covid-19 disease. Methods: This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Amir-Alam hospital in Tehran. Thirty adult men and women diagnosed with covid-19 were allocated to either control group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine) or intervention group (receiving Hydroxychloroquine plus 2 grams of DHA+EPA) for 2 weeks. Primary outcome of the intervention including CRP, ESR as well as clinical symptoms including body pain, fatigue, appetite and olfactory and secondary outcomes including liver enzymes were determined at the baseline and after omega-3 supplementation. Clinical signs were measured using self-reported questionnaires. There were commercial kits for determination of CRP and liver enzymes concentrations in the serum of patients. For determination of ESR automated hematology analyzer was applied. Results: In comparison to control group, patients receiving omega-3 indicated favorable changes in all clinical symptoms except for olfactory ((p<0.001 for body pain and fatigue, p= 0.03 for appetite and p=0.21 for olfactory). Reducing effects of omega-3 supplementation compared to control group were also observed in the levels of ESR and CRP after treatment (p<0.001 for CRP and p=0.02 for ESR). However, no between group differences in the liver enzymes serum concentrations were observed after supplementation (p>0.05). Conclusion: Current observations are very promising and indicate that supplementation with moderate dosages of omega-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in the management of inflammation-mediated clinical symptoms in covid-19 patients. Key words: Covid-19, omega-3, inflammation, clinical symptoms

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Growth rate and conformation characteristics of calves after administration of different doses of tissue biostimulator to cows

Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding) ◽

10.33920/sel-03-2101-02 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

I. A. Pushkaryev ◽

T. V. Kureninova ◽

T. L. Silivirova ◽

N. V. Shanshin

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Live Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Tissue Preparation ◽

Black And White ◽

White Breed ◽

The Impact ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Different Doses

It is known that one of the most important reasons for the birth of weak calves is the impact of adverse factors on the physiological status of the cow, which in turn affects the intrauterine and postnatal development of the fetus and newborn. The results of studying the introduction of different doses of tissue biostimulator to cows during the dry period and its effect on the development of the conformation of calves received from them have been presented in the article. The experiment was carried out in 2019 on cows of Priobsky type of Black-and-White breed and calves obtained from them. In order to conduct the experiment four groups of dry cows-analogs have been formed with 10 heads in each for 55–60 days before the expected calving at the age of III lactation and older. When selecting animals the live weight and milk productivity of cows for the previous lactation have been taken into account. The highest growth rate has been observed in calves from cows the 2nd experimental group, which exceeded the control by 24,4 % (P ≤ 0,001). The best indicators of conformation development have been also observed in calves obtained from cows of the 2nd experimental group, which were injected subcutaneously with 22,5 ml of tissue preparation. So, oblique body length have been greater by 12,6 % (P ≤ 0,001), chest girth by 17,3 % (P ≤ 0,001), width of hook bones by 21,0 % (P ≤ 0,01), the width of the pin bones by 15,0 % (P ≤ 0,05). The lengthiness index was by 11,5 % higher (P ≤ 0,001), the blockiness index was by 4,1 % higher (P ≤ 0,05), and the boniness index was by 10,6 % lower (P ≤ 0,05) than in the control group herdmates.

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DYNAMICS OF NUMBER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY AND MEAT-DAIRY COWS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2020.17.96.001 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Е.А. МАТВЕЕВА ◽

Е.Е. ТЯПУГИН ◽

Л.П. БОГОЛЮБОВА ◽

С.В. НИКИТИНА ◽

Н.В. СЕМЕНОВА ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Black And White ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Weight Content ◽

White Breed ◽

Live Stock ◽

Dynamics Of Number

Представлен анализ изменения численности пробонитированного поголовья молочного и молочно-мясного скота и уровня его продуктивности в разрезе пород в РФ за 1999—2019 гг. Изучены данные ежегодной зоотехнической отчетности подконтрольных стад. В настоящее время все подконтрольное поголовье сосредоточенно в 2564 стадах, в том числе 1074 племенных. Доминирующее положение по численности животных сохраняется за популяцией скота черно-пестрой породы (49%). Отмечается стабильный рост поголовья голштинской породы. Заметно снижается численность комбинированных пород. Маточное поголовье симментальской породы сократилось более чем в 7 раз, холмогорской — в 3,5, красной степной — в 4,8, ярославской — в 2,8, бестужевской — в 14,1, сычевской — в 7,5 и костромской породы — в 4,5 раза. Молочная продуктивность по всем породам за 20 лет в среднем увеличилась на 4487 кг, или в 2,6 раза при незначительном изменении массовой доли жира и белка в молоке. Analysis of changing the number of valuated dairy and meat-dairy live stock and its productivity in Russia for the period of 1999—2019 is presented. The data of annual zootechnic reports of controlled herds is studied. At present all the controlled population is in 2564 herds including 1074 pedigree ones. Number supremacy of animals is for the black-and-white breed (49%). Consistent growth of the Holstein breed is on the rise. The number of combined breeds is decreasing. Nuclear herd of Simmental breed has been decreased about more than 7 times, Kholmogorskaya — about 3,5, Red Steppe — about 4,8, Yaroslavskaya — about 2,8, Bestuzhevskaya — about 14,1, Suchevskaya — about 7,5, Kostromskaya — about 4,5. Milk production of all the breeds for the last 20 years has been increased by 4487 kg or by 2,6 times while insignificant changes in weight content of fat and protein in milk are observed.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ANTIREFLUX THERAPY ON THE COURSE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek202110209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (10) ◽

pp. 2580-2584

Author(s):

Olesya I. Liakh ◽

Mariya A. Derbak ◽

Yelyzaveta S. Sirchak ◽

Mariana I. Tovt-Korshуnska ◽

Yana V. Lazur

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Outpatient Basis ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Basic Therapy ◽

Complex Therapy ◽

Antireflux Therapy ◽

The Impact

The aim: To examine the effect of antireflux therapy on the course of COPD. Materials and methods: Under observation were 60 patients who were hospitalized in the «Transcarpathian Regional Clinical Hospital named after Andrei Novak» with a diagnosis of COPD II gr B in combination with GERD and 36 patients diagnosed with GERD who were treated on an outpatient basis. To study the effectiveness of antireflux therapy and its impact on the course of COPD, patients are divided into 2 groups: 1 group (main) (n = 60) – patients with COPD in combination with GERD, group 2 (control) (n = 36) – patients with isolated GERD. Patients with positive Helicobacter pylori status received antihelicobacter therapy. Patients in group 1 were divided into subgroups: 1a (n = 34) – COPD in combination with esophageal manifestations of GERD and 1b (n = 26) – COPD in combination with extraesophageal manifestations of GERD. Group 1a received complex therapy, which consisted of basic therapy of COPD in combination with antireflux and with rebapimide, group 1b – only basic therapy of COPD in combination with antireflux. Results: After treatment, the clinical signs of GERD significantly decreased in all patients receiving complex therapy, improved the course of respiratory symptoms of COPD. After treatment, patients showed a clinically significant reduction in systemic inflammation, which is best seen in the group with the use of rabipimide. Conclusions: Comprehensive treatment of combined pathology with the use of antireflux therapy has a positive effect not only on the clinical symptoms of the disease, but also on the indicators of external respiratory function in patients with combined COPD and GERD.

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as a causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia

Livestock ◽

10.12968/live.2021.26.3.136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 136-143

Author(s):

Christina Gale ◽

Eduardo Velazquez ◽

Emma Pattison

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Herd Health ◽

Enzootic Pneumonia ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

The Impact

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a very important pathogen which causes enzootic pneumonia (EP) affecting pig herds worldwide. M. hyopneumoniae establishes itself in the respiratory system causing pathological changes, and resultant pneumonic lesions can be detected at slaughter via lung examination, appearing as red to pink lesions which resolve over time, leaving scar tissue on the lobes. Mycoplasma spp. infection can be complicated by coinfections with other pathogens such as swine influenza virus (SIV) and porcine circovirus (PCV2). These coinfections result in worsening of clinical symptoms and lung lesions, therefore increasing the impact on performance of the affected animals. Therefore, it is important that focus is placed on improving overall respiratory health and managing overall herd health, rather than just solely focusing on M. hyopneumoniae. Management practices should be implemented to control the disease, which commonly involve vaccination to reduce the impacts of the disease. Effective vaccination is important, and can be ensured by correct vaccine handling, storage and administration. The vaccine used can also play a part in the success of the vaccination programme so this should also be assessed, which can be done via lung examination and noting of clinical signs and performance parameters. When vaccination is successful, the level of lung lesions should be reduced, performance improved and consistency between batches, demonstrating that respiratory health is more stable.

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Targeted LC-MS/MS platform for the comprehensive determination of peptides in the kallikrein-kinin system

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s00216-021-03231-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanja Gangnus ◽

Bjoern B. Burckhardt

Keyword(s):

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Matrix Effects ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Kinin System ◽

Carry Over ◽

Kallikrein Kinin System ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes and is assumed to be connected to the development of clinical symptoms of angioedema or COVID-19, among other diseases. However, despite its diverse role in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological functions, knowledge about the KKS in vivo remains limited. The short half-lives of kinins, their low abundance and structural similarities and the artificial generation of the kinin bradykinin greatly hinder reliable and accurate determination of kinin levels in plasma. To address these issues, a sensitive LC-MS/MS platform for the comprehensive and simultaneous determination of the four active kinins bradykinin, kallidin, des-Arg(9)-bradykinin and des-Arg(10)-kallidin and their major metabolites bradykinin 2-9, bradykinin 1-7 and bradykinin 1-5 was developed. This platform was validated according to the bioanalytical guideline of the US Food and Drug Administration regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, carry-over, recovery, parallelism, matrix effects and stability in plasma of healthy volunteers. The validated platform encompassed a broad calibration curve range from 2.0–15.3 pg/mL (depending on the kinin) up to 1000 pg/mL, covering the expected concentrations in disease states. No source-dependent matrix effects were identified, and suitable stability of the analytes in plasma was observed. The applicability of the developed platform was proven by the determination of endogenous levels in healthy volunteers, whose plasma kinin levels were successfully detected in the low pg/mL range. The established platform facilitates the investigation of kinin-mediated diseases (e.g. angioedema, COVID-19) and enables the assessment of the impact of altered enzyme activities on the formation or degradation of kinins. Graphical abstract

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Comparative effectiveness of different therapeutic methods for calves with abomazoenteritis

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet9404 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (94) ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

L. G. Slivinska ◽

S. K. Demydjuk ◽

B. O. Lukashchuk ◽

H. O. Zinko

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Black And White ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Therapy Animals ◽

White Breed ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Medium Weight

The article presents the results of the comparative effectivness of different treatment regimens of calves with abomazoenteritis. Three groups of black-and-white-breed calves of the age of 1–1.5 months were formed for 5 animals in each of the 1st and 2nd experimental (patients with abomazoenteritis) and control – clinically healthy animals. Treatment of sick calves in experimental groups was performed using diet therapy, antimicrobial and rehydration therapy. Animals of the second experimental group, in addition, used detoxification means and Sel-Plex. It was found that calving treatment with the use of diet, antimicrobial, detoxication, rehydration therapy helped to eliminate the main clinical symptoms of the disease. Positive changes were established during laboratory blood tests: the number of red blood cells, leukocytes, hemoglobin, total protein and hematocrit was normalized. In animals with abomazoenteritis, during treatment decreased the activity of transaminases decreased, the content of TBA-active products and medium-weight molecules. The treatment was effective and contributed to a reduction in the duration of their clinical recovery, but the normalization of biochemical parameters was more pronounced in animals of the second experimental group. Application together with antimicrobial and rehydration means of Sel-Plex and detoxification drugs accelerated the restoration of basic biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, TBK-active products and medium-weight molecules) to normal, and therefore reduced the metabolic intoxication of the animals organism.

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INFLUENCE OF THE NEW PREPARATION "PRAZINAL F" ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND ON THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK OF COWS OF BLACK-AND-MOTLEY BREED WITH PARAMPHISTOMATOSIS

10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.300-307 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 300-307

Author(s):

Laipanov ◽

Begiev ◽

Bittirov ◽

Begieva

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Black And White ◽

The Third ◽

White Breed ◽

The Difference

The article gives an assessment of the effect of the new complex anthelmintic preparation "Prazinal F" on milk productivity and on the biochemical composition of milk of cows of black and white breeds with paramphistomatosis. Determination of the optimal dose after milking the cows of the black and white breed of the new preparation "Prazinal F" with paramphistomatosis showed that during the second, third, fourth and fifth months of lactation for milk production, the dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight has the most beneficial effect. During the second, third and subsequent months of lactation after prescribing "Prazinal F" in a dose of 25 mg / kg body weight, the milk productivity of the cows of the experimental groups and, especially, of the third group is increased. The cows of the 3rd group in terms of gross milk yield exceeded the cows of the control group infected with paramphistomatosis by 36,0%. In comparison with the control infected group, the difference for the third month of lactation, respectively, was 2.9-3.7-4.5 kg in favor of the experimental groups, 3.0-3.5-4.4 kg for the fourth month and the fifth month – 2,6-3,8-4,6 kg. The use of "Prazinal F" in the paramphistomatosis of cows of black and motley breed at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight, once allowed to increase the content of iodine, cobalt, magnesium and iron in milk by 31.7-45.6%. The appointment of the drug "Prazinal F" in the paramphistomatosis of cows of black and motley breed at a dose of 25 mg / kg of body weight, once allowed to increase the production of cow's milk, significantly enriching it with nutrient microelements.

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The age of retirement of cows from the herd, depending on genetic and paratypical factors

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2021-209-06-71-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 209 (06) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

Ol'ga Chechenihina ◽

Ol'ga Bykova ◽

Ol'ga Loretc ◽

Aleksey Stepanov

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dairy Herd ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Black And White ◽

Limb Injuries ◽

White Breed ◽

Chelyabinsk Region ◽

Economic Use

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to study the age of retirement of cows from the herd, depending on various genetic and paratypical factors. Methods. The research was carried out according to the data of a black-and-white breed dairy herd of the Chelyabinsk region. The studied animals of different ages were divided into groups relative to the live weight at the first fruitful insemination, the age of retirement of mothers and bulls-producers of Holstein lines. The paper analyzes data for the period from 2003 to 2019 on 9247 heads of cows. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis of genetic and paratypical factors affecting the increase in the age of retirement of dairy cows from the herd. As a result, it was found that the age of retirement of animals from the herd of the studied cows was 3.4 lactation. But only 29.0 % of cows were eliminated from the herd at the age of 5 lactations and older. At the early stages of economic use (before the 2nd lactation), animals were rejected due to diseases of the genital organs (1.5 lactation), respiratory organs (1.0–1.25 lactation), surgical diseases (1.5–1.8 lactation) and limb injuries (1.8 lactation). The shortest period of economic use, equal to 3.5 lactation, was observed in animals that were first fruitfully inseminated at the age of 18 months and older with a live weight of more than 400 kg. Long-lived mothers (older than 7 lactations) weakly transmitted their signs of productive longevity to their daughters, whose retirement age was 3.57–3.75 lactation. The daughters of the bulls-producers of the line Reflection Sovering 198998 had a longer period of use – an average of 5.1 lactations. Genetic and paratypical factors affect the age of retirement of cows. The study of this issue, as well as the competent application of the results obtained, make it possible to increase the period of production use of the dairy herd to 5 lactations or more.

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POST-PARTUM SUB-CLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS IN DAIRY COWS: INCIDENCE AND DIAGNOSIS

SPERMOVA ◽

10.18548/aspe/0009.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Akshay Sharma ◽

◽

Madhumeet Singh

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Post Partum ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Severe Form ◽

Current Status ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Uterine Perfusion ◽

The Impact ◽

Endometrial Cytology

Post-partum uterine infections such as metritis, clinical endometritis and sub-clinical endometritis, are the most common cause for decreased productivity and fertility in dairy cows. Being the least severe form of endometritis, sub-clinical endometritis (SCE) is defined as the superficial inflammation of endometrium with no signs of systemic illness and characterized by an increase in number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNCs) inside the uterine lumen. The impact of sub-clinical endometritis on fertility of dairy cows is well known probably due to absence of any clinical signs and thus, difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. Different techniques such as endometrial cytology, uterine biopsy, biochemical analysis of uterine fluid, and measurement of acute phase proteins and inflammatory markers have been employed for the diagnosis of SCE. Doppler and B-mode ultrasonography of middle uterine arteries and uterus have also been used to diagnose the inflammation via assessment of uterine perfusion, respectively. Among all methods, endometrial cytology via cytotape is one of the most advanced and frequently employed methods for diagnosis of cytological endometritis based on the fact that proportion of PMNCs increase during uterine inflammation. The review focuses mainly on current status of incidence and diagnosis of post-partum sub-clinical endometritis in dairy cows.

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