scholarly journals Outcomes from Experimental Testing of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Administration during the Transition Period of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1832
Author(s):  
Francesca Trimboli ◽  
Monica Ragusa ◽  
Cristian Piras ◽  
Vincenzo Lopreiato ◽  
Domenico Britti
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

During the transition period, dairy cows experience great physiological stress caused by changes in metabolism and in the immune and endocrine systems. A pro-inflammatory state is another difficulty faced by even apparently healthy animals. The most significant negative consequences of inflammation in dairy cows are substantial impairment of milk production and deleterious effects on cows’ health in extreme cases. Nonetheless, a certain degree of inflammation is necessary to sustain physiological adaptations. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine whether the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in the transition period of dairy cows could positively affect milk production and cows’ health by controlling the inflammation status. This literature indicates that NSAIDs that act as preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity show important side effects (e.g., increased risk of retained placenta, culling, or metritis) even if milk production is, on average, ameliorated. In contrast, preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity have overall positive effects on cows’ health, with potential beneficial effects on milk production. Furthermore, it is important to note that with certain NSAID treatments, milk discarding is mandatory to prevent contamination with drug residues, but increased milk production can compensate for the loss of milk revenue during the withdrawal period.

scholarly journals Time for a general approval of growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Höybye ◽  
◽  
Anthony J. Holland ◽  
Daniel J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, multi-system, neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by neonatal muscular hypotonia, short stature, high risk of obesity, hypogonadism, intellectual disabilities, distinct behavioural/psychiatric problems and abnormal body composition with increased body fat and a deficit of lean body mass. Growth hormone (GH) deficiency and other hormone deficiencies are common due to hypothalamic dysfunction. In children with PWS GH treatment has been widely demonstrated to improve body composition, normalise height and improve psychomotor development. In adults with PWS, GH’s main effects are to maintain normal body structure and metabolism. The positive effects of GH treatment on body composition, physical fitness and beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk markers, behaviour and quality of life in adults with PWS are also well established from several studies. GH treatment is approved for treatment of children with PWS in many countries, but until recently not as a treatment in young adults in the transition period or for adults in general. In this commentary we want to draw attention to the uneven global use of GH treatment, specifically in adults with PWS, and advocate for GH treatment to be approved internationally, not just for children, but also for adults with PWS and based only on the diagnosis of genetically confirmed PWS.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Effects of an Early Postpartum Intravenous Infusion with Carnosic Acid on Physiological Responses of Transition Dairy Cows

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Tainara Cristina Michelotti ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Johan S. Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO2– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.

Beneficial Effects of Nucleoside Treatment in Zebrafish Models of Diamond Blackfan Anemia Deficient in Ribosomal Proteins L11 or S19,

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 3439-3439
Author(s):  
Nadia Danilova ◽  
Kathleen M Sakamoto ◽  
Shuo Lin
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diamond Blackfan Anemia ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dependent Signal

Abstract Abstract 3439 Deficiency of ribosomal protein (RPs) is associated with Diamond Blackfan Anemia, (DBA) a congenital syndrome with bone marrow failure and variable malformations. Recent studies of ours and other labs established p53 network activation as a major contributor to DBA. Therefore, modulation of p53-dependent pathways emerges as a most promising approach to DBA treatment. Direct suppression of 53 may, however, lead to increased risk of malignant transformation. Search for more physiological modulators of p53 pathways is therefore warranted. p53 has been shown both to respond to metabolic alterations and to change metabolism. Specifically, nutrients can influence p53 status through mTOR and other pathways. Recently, Ortega et al reported that treatment of Caco-2 cells with exogenous nucleosides modulated expression and activity of many transcription factors including p53 (J Nutr Biochem, 22:595, 2011). We applied treatment with exogenous nucleosides to RP-deficient zebrafish and found positive effects. As a DBA model, we use zebrafish mutant for ribosomal protein RPL11; we also employ morpholino nucleotides to create deficiency of various ribosomal proteins including RPS19. Treatment of both models resulted in inhibition of p53-dependent pathways. Specifically, expression of genes associated with cell cycle arrest such as p21 and p53 targets inducing apoptosis such as puma, was decreased by nucleoside treatment. We hypothesize that nucleoside treatment affects p53 by modulating the activity of mTOR and MEK/Erk pathways. Previously, Gu et al. showed that nucleotide depletion strongly inhibited mTOR and activated MEK/Erk. We also study how nucleoside treatment influences other stress-response pathways and affects interaction of p53 and mTOR pathways. Our data indicate that nucleosides may be effective in modulation of p53-dependent signal transduction pathways and suggest their usefulness for treatment of p53-associated disorders. Disclosures: Sakamoto: Abbott: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding.

Role of niacin supplementation in dairy cattle: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Panda ◽  
N. Panda ◽  
K. K. Panigrahy ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
S. P. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Increase Milk Production

Niacin (Vitamin B3) is significantly important for the metabolism of animals and human beings due to its incorporation into the coenzymes NAD and NADP. For dairy cows, the microbial synthesis of niacin in the rumen is an important source besides its availability from feed and endogenous formation. This vitamin is involved in various energy-yielding pathways and for synthesis of amino acid and fatty acid; for which it is important for milk production. Supplementation of niacin has beneficial effects on growth of cattle. The production performance of dairy cows fed with niacin at 6g/day may not be satisfactory, but supplementation of 12g of niacin per head per day can increase milk production by about 1lb. An optimistic return on asset is possible if the supplementation is limited to high producing early lactation cows. Supplementing the dairy animals with a dose of 6-12g of niacin will not only protect them from various metabolic diseases but will also help them defend from severe heat stress; ultimately leading to augmentation of their health, production potential and economy.

scholarly journals The role of rumen-protected choline in hepatic function and performance of transition dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Shahsavari ◽  
Michael J. D’Occhio ◽  
Rafat Al Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects

AbstractHigh-producing dairy cows enter a period of negative energy balance during the first weeks of lactation. Energy intake is usually sufficient to cover the increase in energy requirements for fetal growth during the period before calving, but meeting the demand for energy is often difficult during the early stages of lactation. A catabolic state predominates during the transition period, leading to the mobilisation of energy reserves (NEFA and amino acids) that are utilised mainly by the liver and muscle. Increased uptake of mobilised NEFA by the liver, combined with the limited capacity of hepatocytes to either oxidise fatty acids for energy or to incorporate esterified fatty acids into VLDL results in fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. This metabolic disturbance can affect the general health, and it causes economic losses. Different nutritional strategies have been used to restrict negative effects associated with the energy challenge in transition cows. The provision of choline in the form of rumen-protected choline (RPC) can potentially improve liver function by increasing VLDL exportation from the liver. RPC increases gene expression of microsomal TAG transfer protein and APOB100 that are required for VLDL synthesis and secretion. Studies with RPC have looked at gene expression, metabolic hormones, metabolite profiles, milk production and postpartum reproduction. A reduction in liver fat and enhanced milk production has been observed with RPC supplementation. However, the effects of RPC on health and reproduction are equivocal, which could reflect the lack of sufficient dose–response studies.

scholarly journals Desafíos para la salud de las vacas durante el periodo de transición. Uso de monensina

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Estefanía Alcázar ◽  
Silvia Martínez ◽  
Josefa Madrid ◽  
Pablo Larrosa ◽  
Fuensanta Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Consequent Improvement ◽  
Positive Effect

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de los efectos derivados del uso de monensina como alternativa para afrontar con mayor éxito el periodo de transición en vacas lecheras. En las vacas de leche, la transición de la preñez al inicio de la lactación es un periodo crítico que se caracteriza por presentar una mayor incidencia de enfermedades. En este periodo, el riesgo de que se presenten trastornos metabólicos y enfermedades está relacionado con el balance energético negativo en el que se encuentra la vaca, hecho que conlleva una movilización de nutrientes desde las reservas tisulares. Una de las posibles soluciones para mejorar el balance de nutrientes durante el período de transición consiste en administrar ionóforos como la monensina que actúan modificando la población microbiana del rumen. Los efectos beneficiosos de la monensina se han asociado a la producción de precursores gluconeogénicos a nivel ruminal, lo que originaría mayor disponibilidad de glucosa y la consiguiente mejora del estatus energético. Con el uso de monensina, a nivel sanguíneo se ha observado un descenso de β-hidroxibutirato, y ácidos grasos no esterificados. También han sido atribuidos efectos beneficiosos sobre la funcionalidad hepática, la absorción de ciertos minerales, la función inmune y la excreción de metano. En definitiva, el efecto positivo de la MON sobre el balance energético y la utilización de nutrientes reduciría la movilización de reservas tisulares, minimizando el riesgo de desórdenes metabólicos, mejorando la salud y por tanto el rendimiento de la vaca lechera. The aim of this research was to carry out a review of the use of monensin in dairy cows as a choice to approach more successfully the transition period. In dairy cows, the transition for the pregnancy to the beginning of lactation is a critical period which is characterized by display a higher incidence of diseases. The risk of metabolic disorders and other diseases during this time is allied to the state of negative energy balance in which the cow is, fact that involves a mobilization of nutrients from the tissue reserves. One of the possible solutions to improve the nutrient balance during the transition period is based on dispense ionophores such as monensin who modify the microbial population of the rumen. The beneficial effects of monensin have been associated with the production of gluconeogenic precursors at the ruminal level which would lead to greater availability of glucose and the consequent improvement of the energetic status. At the blood level it has been noted a decrease of β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids. Beneficial effects have also been attributed to liver function, absorption of certain minerals and immune function.In brief, the positive effect of monensin on the energy balance and the use of nutrients would reduce the mobilization of tissue reserves, playing down the risk of metabolic disorders, improving the health and therefore the performance of the dairy cow.

scholarly journals Impact of television on children and adolescents: A research review

2016 ◽  
pp. 917-929
Author(s):  
Ana Pesikan
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Elevated Cholesterol ◽  
The Impact

Media has one of the most important and under-recognized influence on health, development and behavior of children and adolescents. Television is still the most popular form of media among children and adolescents. In the last 50 years, more than a thousand researches have been carried out in the world showing the great impact of television on children and adolescents. Television shapes the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of children and adolescents and strongly influences their perception of reality. The high impact of television is neither recognized by children nor adults; they estimate that the media affect all others except themselves. Television can positively influence a child?s prosocial behavior and acquisition of certain types of knowledge. However, the positive effects have been much less common and usually obtained at a younger age (3-5 years). Most of the studies provide a persistent and robust findings indicating the correlation between exposure to television and a variety of health problems (such as obesity, low physical activity, elevated cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) and an increased risk of certain types of behavior (like poor dietary habits, less sleep, smoking, violent behavior, alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.). The research results show that the potentials of television with beneficial effects on children have not been realized; the list of negative effects is much longer and much more diverse; and strategies to reduce the negative effects of television do not apply. The documented findings on the impact of television should elicit serious concern, not just from parents and educators but from many others such as physicians, public health advocates, entertainment industry, politicians, and government.

scholarly journals Effect of the flavonoid baicalin on the proliferative capacity of bovine mammary cells and their ability to regulate oxidative stress

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Perruchot ◽  
Florence Gondret ◽  
Fabrice Robert ◽  
Emilien Dupuis ◽  
Hélène Quesnel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Mammary Cells ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Higher Doses

Background High-yielding dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress due to the high metabolic needs of homeostasis and milk production. Oxidative stress and inflammation are tightly linked; therefore, anti-inflammatory and/or natural antioxidant compounds may help improve mammary cell health. Baicalin, one of the major flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis, has natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various cell types, but its effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) have not been investigated. Methods Explants from bovine mammary glands were collected by biopsy at the peak of lactation (approximately 60 days after the start of lactation) (n = three animals) to isolate BMECs corresponding to mature secretory cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, proliferative capacity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by BMECs were measured after increasing doses of baicalin were added to the culture media in the absence or presence of H2O2, which was used as an in vitro model of oxidative stress. Results Low doses of baicalin (1–10 µg/mL) had no or only slightly positive effects on the proliferation and viability of BMECs, whereas higher doses (100 or 200 µg/mL) markedly decreased BMEC proliferation. Baicalin decreased apoptosis rate at low concentrations (10 µg/mL) but increased apoptosis at higher doses. ROS production was decreased in BMECs treated with increasing doses of baicalin compared with untreated cells, and this decreased production was associated with increased intracellular concentrations of catalase and NRF-2. Irrespective of the dose, baicalin pretreatment attenuated H2O2-induced ROS production. Discussion These results indicate that baicalin exerts protective antioxidant effects on bovine mammary cells. This finding suggests that baicalin could be used to prevent oxidative metabolic disorders in dairy cows.

Effect of feeding diet containing fish oil and canola oil from transition period on milk production and components of Holstein cows in early lactation

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
T Vafa ◽  
A Naserian ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
R Valizadeh ◽  
M Danesh Mesgaran
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

There are too many physiological and nutritional factors which can influence lactation performance of early lactation Holstein dairy cows. Supplemental fat sources are utilized in rations for dairy cows as a common method to increase the energy density of the diet, especially in early lactation (Juchem et al., 2007). The fat sources also have a positive effect on milk fatty acid profile. Canola seed which contains 40% fat is an excellent source of dietary fat high in unsaturated fatty acids and protein for dairy animals. Canola oil contains 51% oleic, 25% linoleic, and 14% linolenic acids. Fish oil contains relatively high concentrations fatty acids of the n-3 family. It seems that feeding a blend of different oils will have more positive productive response than individual usage of them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing fish oil and canola oil starting from transition period on milk production and composition of early lactating Holstein cows.

Energy balance in transition cows and its association with health, reproduction and milk production

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakao ◽  
M. Hoedemaker ◽  
C. Furken
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Loose Body ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Time Periods

SummaryObjective: It was the purpose of this study to determine the effects of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations at different time periods of the transition period as well as lactation number on metabolism, health, reproduction and milk production in dairy cows. Material and methods: This trial was conducted in a single dairy herd located in Northern Germany. Of the herd, which comprised 330 lactating Holstein cows housed in a free stall barn and fed a total mixed ration (TMR), 83 primiparous and multiparous cows were randomly selected. Animals were checked for body condition score (BCS), locomo tion score, calving data, quality of colostrum, reproductive measures, daily rectal temperature of the first 10 days post-partum (p. p.), health data and culling rates up to 200 days in milk (DIM) as well as milk production until 305 DIM. Three different time periods were considered: 3 and 1 week ante partum (a. p.); partus and 1 week p. p.; 3 weeks p. p. Results: Animals with NEFA concentrations 0.4 mmol/l ante partum had a higher risk of no ovarian activity in week 5 p. p. and of subclinical ketosis post partum than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 1.1 mmol/l in week 1 p. p., in comparison to those with lower NEFA concentrations, showed a higher prevalence of clinical ketosis (24.1% vs. 5.9%), subclinical ketosis (62.1% vs. 34.0%) and culling rate within 200 DIM (34.5% vs. 14.0%) (p < 0.05). Cows with NEFA concentrations 0.3 mmol/l at week 3 p. p. had higher 100- and 305-day milk yields than cows with lower NEFA concentrations (p < 0.05). First lactating heifers were at higher risk to loose body condition ante partum, of dystocia, fever within the first 10 DIM, metritis, clinical and subclinical ketosis as well as to develop a disease within the first 30 DIM (p < 0.05). Multipara were more likely to loose body condition after calving, to a prolonged calving to first service interval and to higher milk yields (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion increased NEFA concentrations during the transition period as well as parity can have an influence on health, production and reproduction of dairy cows.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document