Analgesic Comparison of Flunixin Meglumine or Meloxicam for Soft-Tissue Surgery in Sheep: A Pilot Study

The amount of scientific data evaluating sheep pain responses after analgesia treatment is limited. The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of flunixin meglumine (FLU) and meloxicam (MEL) at relieving post-surgical pain in sheep and to evaluate the utility of the Sheep Grimace Scale (SGS). Thirty ewes were assigned to one of three treatment groups: oral MEL or intravenous FLU to manage pain associated with a laparotomy procedure, or a non-surgical control (CON) group. Behavior and physiologic outcome measures were collected pre-procedure and up to 48 h post-procedure. There were no significant differences in behavior, gait, degree of inflammation or pain around the surgical site when MEL and FLU sheep were compared, suggesting that both drugs provided similar levels of analgesia. Significant differences in behavior, gait, abdominal inflammation and pain were found when surgical sheep were compared to non-surgical controls. More work is needed to characterize the amount of pain relief provided by MEL and FLU. The SGS had moderate reliability between scorers; however, the results were inconsistent with the other study outcome measures. The SGS may have some utility as a pain assessment tool but should be used in conjunction with other pain measures.

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Intrauterine lidocaine and naproxen for analgesia during intrauterine device insertion: randomized controlled trial

Contraception and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s40834-019-0094-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shana M. Miles ◽

Katerina Shvartsman ◽

Susan Dunlow

Keyword(s):

Pain Assessment ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

Self Medication ◽

Double Blind ◽

Clinical Trial Registration ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Post Procedure ◽

Treatment Medication

Abstract Background This study evaluates oral naproxen and intrauterine instillation of lidocaine for analgesia with intrauterine device (IUD) placement as compared to placebo. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients desiring levonorgestrel 52 mg IUD or Copper T380A IUD were randomized into treatment groups. Patients received either oral naproxen 375 mg or placebo approximately 1 h prior to procedure in conjunction with 5 mL of 2% lidocaine or 5 mL of intrauterine saline. The primary outcome was pain with IUD insertion measured on a visual analog scale immediately following the procedure. Prespecified secondary outcomes included physician pain assessment, post procedure analgesia, satisfaction with procedure, satisfaction with IUD, and pain assessment related to IUD type. Results From June 4, 2014 to October 28, 2016 a total of 160 women desiring Copper T380A or levonorgestrel 52 mg intrauterine device insertion and meeting study criteria were enrolled and randomized in the study. Of these, 157 (78 in the Copper T380A arm, 79 in the levonorgestrel 52 mg) received study treatment medication. There were 39 in naproxen/lidocaine arm, 39 in placebo/lidocaine arm, 40 in naproxen/placebo arm, and 39 in placebo/placebo arm. There were no differences in the mean pain scores for IUD placement between treatment groups (naproxen/lidocaine 3.38 ± 2.49; lidocaine only 2.87 ± 2.13; naproxen only 3.09 ± 2.18; placebo 3.62 ± 2.45). There was no difference in self-medication post procedure or in satisfaction with the procedure and IUD among women in the treatment arms or by type of IUD. Conclusion Naproxen with or without intrauterine lidocaine does not reduce pain with IUD placement. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02769247. Registered May 11, 2016, Retrospectively registered

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Dental pulp stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor facilitate the repair of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-020-02098-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ning Li ◽

Yichi Zhang ◽

Narayan Nepal ◽

Guoqing Li ◽

Ningning Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Body Weight ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

The Other ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Colon Injury ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and recurrent disease without satisfactory treatment strategies. Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has been proposed as a potential therapy for UC. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of the rat hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene transduced into DPSCs for UC. Methods The therapeutic effects of HGF-DPSCs transplanted intravenously into a rat model of UC induced by 5% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) were compared with the other treatment groups (LV-HGF group, DPSCs group and GFP-DPSCs group). Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization and proliferation of HGF-DPSCs at the site of colon injury. The expression levels of inflammatory factors were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The oxidative stress markers were detected by ELISA. DAI scores and body weight changes were used to macroscopically evaluate the treatment of rats in each group. Results Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays showed that HGF-DPSCs homed to colon injury sites and colocalized with intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (Bmi1, Musashi1 and Sox9) and significantly promoted protein expression (Bmi1, Musashi1, Sox9 and PCNA). Anti-inflammatory cytokine (TGF-β and IL-10) expression was the highest in the HGF-DPSCs group compared with the other treatment groups, while the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and INF-γ) was the lowest. Additionally, the oxidative stress response results showed that malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression increased, especially in the HGF-DPSCs group. The DAI scores showed a downward trend with time in the five treatment groups, whereas body weight increased, and the changes were most prominent in the HGF-DPSCs group. Conclusions The study indicated that HGF-DPSCs can alleviate injuries to the intestinal mucosa by transdifferentiating into ISC-like cells, promoting ISC-like cell proliferation, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing oxidative stress damage, which provides new ideas for the clinical treatment of UC.

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Reproductive performance of group-synchronized Merino d'Arles and Romanov crossbred ewes. 1. A note on the effects of lactation on fecundity

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100039283 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 113-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. J. Galindez ◽

M. Prud'hon ◽

G. Reboul

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

The Other ◽

Fertility Level ◽

Homogeneous Groups ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Superiority

SUMMARYFifty-six Merino d'Aries and 56 Romanov × Merino crossbred lactating ewes were divided into two treatment groups, one (T1) with a ewe-to-ram ratio of 48: 1 (24 Merino and 24 crossbred) and the other (T2) of 64: 1 (32 Merino and 32 crossbred).Intravaginal sponges with 40 mg FGA (Searle) were inserted in two subgroups at 8-day intervals and withdrawn after 12 and 16 days in situ, in four equal groups at 4-day intervals. A dose of 400 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) was applied at sponge withdrawal.Fertility after two oestrous cycles was equally satisfactory in both treatments, though it was lower in treatment group T2. This could be due to the significantly low (P<0·01) number of Merino ewes raddled by the T2 ram (0·33 Merino against 0·92 crossbred) suggesting preferential behaviour by the ram in this treatment.Comparisons between breeds show a slight superiority in the fertility of crossbred ewes and a highly significant superiority in prolificacy These results suggest that using the described method, 2% of rams seems more than adequate to mate with progestagen-synchronized ewes with a satisfactory fertility level. It is, however, recommended to use homogeneous groups of ewes.

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Telemedicine for New Neurological Outpatients: Putting a Randomized Controlled Trial in the Context of Everyday Practice

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ◽

10.1177/1357633x0200800505 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 270-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Richard Chua ◽

John Craig ◽

Thomas Esmonde ◽

Richard Wootton ◽

Victor Patterson

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Retrospective Review ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

The Other ◽

Everyday Practice ◽

General Hospitals ◽

Face To Face ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

General Physicians

In a retrospective review, the telemedical management of 65 outpatients from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of telemedicine for non-urgent referrals to a consultant neurologist was compared with the management of 76 patients seen face to face in the same trial, with that of 150 outpatients seen in the neurology clinics of district general hospitals and with that of 102 neurological outpatients seen by general physicians. Outcome measures were the numbers of investigations and of patient reviews. The telemedicine group did not differ significantly from the 150 patients seen face to face by neurologists in hospital clinics in terms of either the number of investigations or the number of reviews they received. Patients from the RCT seen face to face had significantly fewer investigations but a similar number of reviews to the other 150 patients seen face to face by neurologists (the disparity in the number of investigations may explain the negative result for telemedicine in that RCT). Patients with neurological symptoms assessed by general physicians had significantly more investigations and were reviewed significantly more often than all the other groups. Patients from the RCT seen by telemedicine were not managed significantly differently from those seen face to face by neurologists in hospital clinics but had significantly fewer investigations and follow-ups than those patients managed by general physicians. The results suggest that management of new neurological outpatients by neurologists using telemedicine is similar to that by neurologists using a face-to-face consultation, and is more efficient than management by general physicians.

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Application and Evaluation of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in Poorly Gauged Regions in Western China

Water ◽

10.3390/w11102171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xianyong Meng ◽

Xuesong Zhang ◽

Mingxiang Yang ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Ji Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Swat Model ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

The Other ◽

Western China ◽

Surface Processes ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Heihe River ◽

Observation Data

The temporal and spatial differentiation of the underlying surface in East Asia is complex. Due to a lack of meteorological observation data, human cognition and understanding of the surface processes (runoff, snowmelt, soil moisture, water production, etc.) in the area have been greatly limited. With the Heihe River Basin, a poorly gauged region in the cold region of Western China, selected as the study area, three meteorological datasets are evaluated for their suitability to drive the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT): China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT model (CMADS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and Traditional Weather Station (TWS). Resultingly, (1) the runoff output of CMADS + SWAT mode is generally better than that of the other two modes (CFSR + SWAT and TWS + SWAT) and the monthly and daily Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency ranges of the CMADS + SWAT mode are 0.75–0.95 and 0.58–0.77, respectively; (2) the CMADS + SWAT and TWS + SWAT results were fairly similar to the actual data (especially for precipitation and evaporation), with the results produced by CMADS + SWAT lower than those produced by TWS + SWAT; (3) the CMADS + SWAT mode has a greater ability to reproduce water balance than the other two modes. Overestimation of CFSR precipitation results in greater error impact on the uncertainty output of the model, whereas the performances of CMADS and TWS are more similar. This study addresses the gap in the study of surface processes by CMADS users in Western China and provides an important scientific basis for analyzing poorly gauged regions in East Asia.

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Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i3.950 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1253-1259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. A. Patel ◽

K. B. Kapadiya ◽

D. J. Ghodasara

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Group Iv ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group Iii ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Flunixin Meglumine ◽

Group I ◽

Urate Crystals

The aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature.

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Consensus on Training and Assessment of Competence in Performing Chorionic Villus Sampling and Amniocentesis: An International Delphi Survey

Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy ◽

10.1159/000519116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Vilma Johnsson ◽

Martin Tolsgaard ◽

Jon Hyett ◽

Ulrich Gembruch ◽

Rory Windrim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Chorionic Villus ◽

Steering Committee ◽

Chorionic Villus Sampling ◽

Fetal Medicine ◽

Nontechnical Skills ◽

Post Procedure ◽

Competency Based ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Assessment Of Competence

Introduction: The aim of this study was to obtain expert consensus on the content of a curriculum for learning chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis (AC) and the items of an assessment tool to evaluate CVS and AC competence. Methods: We used a 3-round iterative Delphi process. A steering committee supervised all processes. Seven international collaborators were identified to expand the breadth of the study internationally. The collaborators invited fetal medicine experts to participate as panelists. In the first round, the panelists suggested content for a CVS/AC curriculum and an assessment tool. The steering committee organized and condensed the suggested items and presented them to the panelists in round 2. In the second round, the panelists rated and commented on the suggested items. The results were processed by the steering committee and presented to the panelists in the third round, where final consensus was obtained. Consensus was defined as support by more than 80% of the panelists for an item. Results: Eighty-six experts agreed to participate in the study. The panelists represented 16 countries across 4 continents. The final list of curricular content included 12 theoretical and practical items. The final assessment tool included 11 items, systematically divided into 5 categories: pre-procedure, procedure, post-procedure, nontechnical skills, and overall performance. These items were provided with behavioral scale anchors to rate performance, and an entrustment scale was used for the final overall assessment. Conclusion: We established consensus among international fetal medicine experts on content to be included in a CVS/AC curriculum and on an assessment tool to evaluate CVS/AC skills. These results are important to help transition current training and assessment methods from a time- and volume-based approach to a competency-based approach which is a key step in improving patient safety and outcomes for the 2 most common invasive procedures in fetal medicine.

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Effects of Feeding Different Postbiotics Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Intestinal Morphology, Gut Microbiota Composition, Immune Status, and Growth Gene Expression in Broilers under Heat Stress

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9090644 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 644 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Humam ◽

Loh ◽

Foo ◽

Samsudin ◽

Mustapha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Immune Status ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

The Other ◽

Mrna Expression Level ◽

Treatment Groups

The effects of feeding different postbiotics on growth performance, carcass yield, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, immune status, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) gene expression in broilers under heat stress were assessed in this study. A total of 252 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned in cages in identical environmentally controlled chambers. During the starter period from 1 to 21 days, all the birds were fed the same basal diet. On day 22, the birds were weighed and randomly divided into six treatment groups and exposed to cyclic high temperature at 36 ± 1 °C for 3 h per day from 11:00 to 14:00 until the end of the experiment. From day 22 to 42 (finisher period), an equal number of birds were subjected to one of the following diets: NC (negative control) basal diet; PC (positive control) basal diet + 0.02% oxytetracycline; or AA (ascorbic acid) basal diet + 0.02% ascorbic acid. The other three groups (RI11, RS5 and UL4) were basal diet + 0.3% different postbiotics (produced from different Lactobacillus plantarum strains, and defined as RI11, RS5 and UL4, respectively). The results demonstrated that birds fed RI11 diets had significantly higher final body weight, total weight gain and average daily gain than the birds that received the NC, PC and AA treatments. The feed conversion ratio was significantly higher in the RI11 group compared with the other groups. Carcass parameters were not affected by the postbiotic-supplemented diet. Postbiotic supplementation improved villi height significantly in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum compared to the NC, PC and AA treatments. The crypt depth of the duodenum and ileum was significantly higher in NC group compared to other treatment groups except RI11 in duodenum, and UL4 in ileum was not different with NC groups. The villus height to crypt depth ratio of duodenum and ileum was significantly higher for the postbiotic treatment groups and AA than the PC and NC treatment groups. The postbiotic RI11 group recorded significantly higher caecum total bacteria and Lactobacillus count and lower Salmonella count compared to the NC and PC treatment groups. The Bifidobacterium population in the NC group was significantly lower compared to the other treatment groups. The postbiotic (RI11, RS5 and UL4) and AA treatment groups showed lower Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli counts and caecal pH than the NC and PC treatment groups. The plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) level was significantly higher in the birds receiving postbiotic RI11 than those receiving other treatments. The plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) level was higher in the RI11 treatment group than in the NC, AA and RS5 groups. The plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) level was not affected by postbiotic supplements. The hepatic GHR mRNA expression level was significantly increased in birds fed postbiotics RI11, RS5 and UL4, AA and PC compared to the NC-fed birds. Postbiotic RI11 led to significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 mRNA expression level compared to the NC, PC, and AA treatments. Mortality was numerically lesser in the postbiotic treatment groups, but not significantly different among all the treatments. In conclusion, among the postbiotics applied in the current study as compared with NC, PC and AA, RI11 could be used as a potential alternative antibiotic growth promoter and anti-stress treatment in the poultry industry.

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What do double-check routines actually detect? An observational assessment and qualitative analysis of identified inconsistencies

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. e039291

Author(s):

Yvonne Pfeiffer ◽

Chantal Zimmermann ◽

David L. B. Schwappach

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Medication Errors ◽

The Other ◽

Observational Assessment ◽

Drug Label ◽

Category System ◽

Medication Process ◽

Corrective Actions

ObjectivesDouble checking is used in oncology to detect medication errors before administering chemotherapy. The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of detected potential medication errors, i.e., mismatching information, and to better understand the nature of these inconsistencies.DesignIn observing checking procedures, field noteswere taken of all inconsistencies that nurses identified during double checking the order against the prepared chemotherapy.SettingOncological wards and ambulatory infusion centres of three Swiss hospitals.ParticipantsNurses’ double checking was observed.Outcome measuresIn a qualitative analysis, (1) a category system for the inconsistencies was developed and (2) independently applied by two researchers.ResultsIn 22 (3.2%) of 690 observed double checks, 28 chemotherapy-related inconsistencies were detected. Half of them related to non-matching information between order and drug label, while the other half was identified because the nurses used their own knowledge. 75% of the inconsistencies could be traced back to inappropriate orders, and the inconsistencies led to 33 subsequent or corrective actions.ConclusionsIn double check situations, the plausibility of the medication is often reviewed. Additionally, they serve as a correction for errors and that are made much earlier in the medication process, during order. Both results open up new opportunities for improving the medication process.

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Depression and dementia: A conspiracy ?

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73914-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 2211-2211

Author(s):

C. Hanon

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Elderly Population ◽

The Elderly ◽

Scientific Data ◽

The Other ◽

Comorbid Depression ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Treatment Of Depression ◽

The Common

Depression and dementia are two very common clinical entities in the elderly population. Differential diagnosis of these disorders may pose difficulties. On the other hand, when they are comorbid, depression and dementia may affect the outcome of each other. When adequate treatment for depression is provided, patients with dementia may experience a significant improvement in cognitive functioning. Therefore, the possibility of comorbid depression and dementia should always be taken into account in the elderly population. This presentation will address the common clinical obstacles encountered while managing these disorders. Using the latest scientific data, the adequate treatment of depression and dementia will be discussed.

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