Identification of Escherichia coli and Related Enterobacteriaceae and Examination of Their Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns: A Pilot Study at A Wildlife–Livestock Interface in Lusaka, Zambia

A cross-sectional study was used to identify and assess prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria isolated from healthy wildlife and livestock cohabiting at a 10,000 acres game ranch near Lusaka, Zambia. Purposive sampling was used to select wildlife and livestock based on similarities in behavior, grazing habits and close interactions with humans. Isolates (n = 66) from fecal samples collected between April and August 2018 (n = 84) were examined following modified protocols for bacteria isolation, biochemical identification, molecular detection, phylogenetic analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed using R software, Genetyx ver.12 and Mega 6. Using Applied Profile Index 20E kit for biochemical identification, polymerase chain reaction assay and sequencing, sixty-six isolates were identified to species level, of which Escherichia coli (72.7%, 48/66), E. fergusonii (1.5%, 1/66), Shigella sonnei (22.7%, 14/66), Sh. flexinerri (1.5%, 1/66) and Enterobacteriaceae bacterium (1.5%, 1/66), and their relationships were illustrated in a phylogenetic tree. Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance or intermediate sensitivity expression to at least one antimicrobial agent was detected in 89.6% of the E. coli, and 73.3% of the Shigella isolates. The E. coli isolates exhibited the highest resistance rates to ampicillin (27%), ceftazidime (14.3%), cefotaxime (9.5%), and kanamycin (9.5%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 18.8% of E. coli isolates while only 13.3% Shigella isolates showed MDR. The MDR was detected among isolates from impala and ostrich (wild animals in which no antimicrobial treatment was used), and in isolates from cattle, pigs, and goats (domesticated animals). This study indicates the possible transmission of drug-resistant microorganisms between animals cohabiting at the wildlife–livestock interface. It emphasizes the need for further investigation of the role of wildlife in the development and transmission of AMR, which is an issue of global concern.

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Antimicrobial resistance of non-clinical Escherichia coli strains from chicken in Nsukka, South-east Nigeria.

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v30i1.1840 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 101-106

Author(s):

K. F. Chah ◽

S. C. Okafor ◽

S. I. Oboegbulem

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Resistance Patterns

This study was carried out to determine resistance profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from clinically healthy chickens in Nsukka, southeast Nigeria. A total of 324 E. coli strains isolated from cloaca swabs from 390 chickens were tested against 16 antimicrobial agents using the disc diffusion method. The antibiotics used in the study were: ampicillin (25µg), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (30µg), gentamicin (10µg), Streptomycin (30µg). cefuroxime (20µg), cephalexin (10µg), nalidixic acid (30µg), ciprofloxacin (5µg), norfloxacin (10µg), ofloxacin (5µg), pefloxacin (5µg), tetracycline (30µg), chloramphenicol (10µg), cotrimoxazole (50µg), colistin (25µg) and nitrofurantoin (100µg).The strains demonstrated high rates of resistance (34.6% 66.1%) to ampicillin, tetracycline, nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. None of the isolates was resistant to colistin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin. For each antimicrobial agent (except cephalexin), strains from the intensively reared chickens (layers and broilers) displayed higher resistance frequencies than those from the local birds. A total of 49 resistant patterns were recorded for the 228 strains resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug, with AmTeCoS and AmTeCfN being the predominant patterns. Because of the great variation in the drug resistance patterns of the Escherichia coli strains, use of antimicrobial agents in the management of E. coli infections in the study area should be based on results of sensitivity tests.

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Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Avian Colibacillosis in Chitwan District of Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v8i1.28254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D.B. Thapa ◽

A. Chapagain

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Mar Index ◽

Avian Disease

A cross-sectional study was conducted at National Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, Chitwan to determine antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from avian colibacillosis cases of broilers and layers in Chitwan. One hundred and sixty (95 from broilers and 65 from layers) liver samples were collected aseptically during postmortem. Samples were taken purposively from dead birds showing lesions perihepatitis, pericarditis, air-saculitis, omphalitis and egg peritonitis. Isolation and identification were made by examination of cultural characteristics of E. coli in MacConkey’s agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. Antibiogram of identified E. coli isolate was evaluated against six antibiotics of six different groups by disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. One hundred and three E. coliisolates (73 from broilers and 30 from layers) were isolated from one hundred and sixty samples. Highest resistance was observed against Ampicillin (100%) followed by Co-trimoxazole (86.40%), Doxycycline (46.60%), Levofloxacin (45.63%), Nitrofurantoin (26.21%) and Amikacin (10.68%). Nearly about all (96.12%) isolates from 103 isolated E. coli isolates showed multidrugs resistance to two or more than two antimicrobials. All multidrug resistance isolates showed 16 different patterns with each isolate being resistance to at least two drugs. The multiple antibiotic resistance indexing ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 and proportion of isolates with MAR index greater than 0.2 was 96.12%. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 52-60

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Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.654125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Massé ◽

Hélène Lardé ◽

John M. Fairbrother ◽

Jean-Philippe Roy ◽

David Francoz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Passive Surveillance ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

High Prevalence

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important burden for public health and veterinary medicine. For Québec (Canada) dairy farms, the prevalence of AMR is mostly described using passive surveillance, which may be misleading. In addition, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli is unknown. This observational cross-sectional study used random dairy farms (n = 101) to investigate AMR and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli. Twenty antimicrobials were tested on E. coli isolates (n = 593) recovered from fecal samples (n = 599) from calves, cows, and the manure pit. Isolates were mostly susceptible (3% AMR or less) to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials in humans. The highest levels of AMR were to tetracycline (26%), sulfisozaxole (23%) and streptomycin (19%). The resistance genes responsible for these resistances were, respectively: tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3”)-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5. ESBL analysis revealed two predominant phenotypes: AmpC (51%) and ESBL (46%) where blaCMY−2 and blaCTX−M(blaCTX−M−1, blaCTX−M−15, and blaCTX−M−55) were the genes responsible for these phenotypes, respectively. During this study, 85% of farms had at least one ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli. Isolates from calves were more frequently resistant than those from cows or manure pits. Although prevalence of AMR was low for critically important antimicrobials, there was a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on Quebec dairy farms, particularly in calves. Those data will help determine a baseline for AMR to evaluate impact of initiatives aimed at reducing AMR.

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Susceptibility and Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolated from Cloacal Swabs of Live Broiler Chickens in Bangladesh

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8030118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Muha. Ajijur Rahman Al Azad ◽

Md. Masudur Rahman ◽

Ruhul Amin ◽

Mst. Ismat Ara Begum ◽

Reinhard Fries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽

Resistance Patterns

Antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh, where there is a paucity of information on resistance patterns and prevalence of antimicrobial determinants. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of resistance, including multi-drug resistance (MDR), and the associated genetic determinants in Escherichia coli isolates from cloacal swabs of live broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Altogether, 400 cloacal swabs (200 from Rajshahi and 200 from Dhaka divisions) were randomly collected from individual chickens in 50 broiler farms. E. coli was isolated and identified using conventional bacteriological culture and biochemical methods. The isolates were further confirmed using genus-specific 16S rRNAtargeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and MDR of the isolates against nine different antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, colistin sulphate, and streptomycin) were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Resistance determinants of E. coli to ampicillin (blaTEM), streptomycin (aadA1), erythromycin [ere(A)], trimethoprim (dfrA1), and tetracycline [tet(A), tet(B)] were screened using PCR. Our results showed that all swab samples were positive for E. coli. The isolates were uniformly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. The isolates exhibited highest susceptibility to colistin sulphate (73.5%), followed by gentamicin (49%), and levofloxacin (17%). All isolates were resistant to three classes of antibiotics, 204 isolates (51%) were resistant to four classes, and 56 isolates (14%) were resistant to five. The highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance gene was recorded for tetracycline (tet(A):95.25%; tet(B):95.25%) followed by ampicillin (blaTEM:91.25%), streptomycin (aadA1:88.25%), erythromycin (ere(A):84.75%), and trimethoprim (dfrA1:65.5%). In conclusion, surveillance for MDR bacteria in poultry is a critical piece of knowledge, which would be useful for optimizing empiric antimicrobial treatments and exploring alternative antimicrobial agents.

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli From Bloodstream Infection in Shanghai, China, 2016–2019

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.803837 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Shuzhen Xiao ◽

Chenyue Tang ◽

Qian Zeng ◽

Yilun Xue ◽

Qing Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

M 14

Background: Bloodstream infections are recognized as important nosocomial infections. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most prevalent Gram-negative bacillary pathogen causing bloodstream infections (BSIs). This retrospective study investigated drug susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of E. coli isolated from patients with BSI in Shanghai, China.Methods: We collected E. coli isolated from the blood cultures of patients with BSI between January 2016 and December 2019. We randomly selected 20 strains each year to investigate antimicrobial resistance, resistance genes, and molecular epidemiological characteristics. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the disk diffusion method. PCR was performed to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemase genes, and housekeeping genes, and phyloviz was applied to analyze multilocus sequence typing (MLST).Results: Penicillins, first- and second-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones have high resistance rates (>60%). Among the 80 randomly selected strains, 47 (58.8%) produced ESBLs, and one produced carbapenemase. Sequencing of resistance genes identified blaCTX−M−14 (34%, 16/47), blaCTX−M−15 (23.4%, 11/47) and blaCTX−M−27 (14.8%, 7/47) as the most prevalent genotypes of ESBLs. ST131 (14/80) was the most prevalent sequence type (ST), followed by ST1193 (10/80), ST648 (7/80).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that amikacin, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam have relatively low resistance rates and may be the preferred antibiotic regimens for empiric therapy. ST131 and blaCTX−M−14 are still the main prevalent in Shanghai with a rapid increase in the occurrence of ST1193 is rapidly increasing and more diverse blaCTX genes.

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Zoonotic Escherichia coli is a potential Driver of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pastoralist Communities in Uganda: A Laboratory based Cross sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.16491/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Walusansa ◽

Jacob Stanly Iramiot ◽

Florence Najjuka ◽

Henry Kajumbula ◽

Benon Asiimwe

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli ◽

Pastoralist Communities

Abstract Background Non-prescribed use of antimicrobials in Agriculture incurs a transfer risk of resistant pathogens to humans, complicating treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Zoonotic E. coli to serve as drivers of antimicrobial resistance among animals and humans in pastoralist communities in Kasese district, so as to protect the community.Materials and methods A laboratory based cross-sectional study was done using archived E. coli isolates previously obtained from humans in pastoralist communities of Kasese district, Uganda. Recovery of the isolates was done by conventional culture, and Identification by biochemical methods, serotyping and PCR. Antimicrobial resistance profiling was done by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were also screened for resistance mechanisms including Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Carbapenemase and AmpC production using disc diffusion based methods.Results The prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EHEC) was 16% (28/180). These EHEC isolates belonged to phylogroups; B 1 (94%, 26/28), B2 (3%, 1/28) and A (3%, 1/28). The most prevalent virulence gene was Stx1 (100%, 28/28) followed by Stx2e (94%, 26/28); none of the isolates was Stx2 positive. Highest resistance was seen to Cotrimoxazole (89%, 25/28), Tetracycline (71%, 20/28), Ampicillin (65%, 18/28) and Nitrofurantoin (28%, 8/28), these are the most commonly used antimicrobials in the agricultural sector in Uganda. Minimal resistance was observed to the antimicrobials that are commonly used in human medicine especially β-lactams, β-lactam+inhibitors and Carbapenems. Of the 28 zoonotic E. coli isolates, 17%, (5/28) were ESBL positive and among these 1 (3%, 1/28) was a Carbapenemase producer.Conclusion There is a high prevalence of highly pathogenic and resistant zoonotic E. coli among humans in pastoralist communities in Uganda. We suspect that these pathogens, along with their AMR genes, were acquired from animals because they largely contained the animal specific Vero toxin gene VT2e and majority belonged Pylo-group B 1 which has been documented as the most common EHEC phylo-group inhabiting domestic animals. We recommend that studies involving relatedness of drug resistant isolates from humans and animals should be conducted to ascertain the role of enterohemorrhagic E. coli in the zoonotic spread of antimicrobial resistance in pastoralist communities.

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The Profile of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Bacteria in the Rectum of Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy, Its Relation to Post-Biopsy Infection and Alternative Prophylactic Antibiotics

Indonesian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.33371/ijoc.v14i4.759 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Tonny Loho ◽

Agus Rizal A. H. Hamid ◽

Rainy Umbas ◽

Na'imatul Mahanani

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

E Coli

Background: Fluoroquinolone has been routinely given as a prophylactic antibiotic to patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. Currently, there is no data on the profile of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, its association with post-biopsy sepsis, and alternative prophylactic antibiotics.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy at Urology Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital between August and December 2015. Specimens were taken from rectal swabs prior to biopsy. Gramnegative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were characterized on the Vitek®2 using GN and GP cards (BioMérieux, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Post-biopsy infection was monitored within one week after biopsy by telephone call and diagnosed by clinical examination.Results: A total of 52 patients aged 52-80 years were enrolled. Sixty-six isolates grew from 52 swabs; 14 swabs among them grew 2 isolates. The commonest pathogen was Escherichia coli (78.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.6%), Enterococcus faecium (3.0%), Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Morganella morganii subsp. morganii, and Enterococcus faecalis (1.5%), respectively. Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria were found in 33 (50.0%) isolates which were predominated by E. coli. Meanwhile, 90.4% and 96.2% of isolates were sensitive to amoxicillinclavulanate and ampicillin-sulbactam, respectively. Post-biopsy infection was established in 7 patients requiring no hospitalization.Conclusions: The proportion of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in the rectum among patients undergoing prostate biopsy was 50.0%. Escherichia coli is the commonest resistant pathogen to fluoroquinolone. The recommended alternatives for prophylactic antibiotics are amoxicillinclavulanate and ampicillin-sulbactam. Routine pre-biopsy rectal swab cultures should also be encouraged.

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Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle in Eastern Algeria

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2019.1195-1203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1195-1203 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Djanette Barour ◽

Amine Berghiche ◽

Nadji Boulebda

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽

Eastern Algeria ◽

Resistance Rates

Background and Aim: Lack of information about the antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from Algerian livestock prompted us to do this study to determine the different levels of antimicrobial susceptibility, antibiotic multidrug resistance (MDR) rates, and phenotypical patterns of E. coli strains isolated from healthy cattle to control the spread of animal-resistant strains to humans and the environment. Materials and Methods: A total of 198 cattle were sampled (swabbed in the rectum), reared in the farms of Souk Ahras, Tebessa, and Oum el Bouaghi governorates of Eastern Algeria. Isolation of E. coli strains was performed on MacConkey agar and then the different strains were identified to the species level using an API 20E identification kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a panel of 13 antibiotic disks by disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The double-disk synergy test with cefotaxime and amoxicillin-clavulanate disks was used for the screening of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes. For colistin susceptibility, the minimum inhibitory concentration was examined using broth microdilutions technique. Results: The results showed that among the 198 E. coli isolates, elevated resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (59.09%) and tetracycline (43.43%), and moderate resistance rates for cephalothin (16.16%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (15.15%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (11.62%); however, low resistance rates were found for nalidixic acid (8.08%), ciprofloxacin (7.07%), kanamycin (6.56%), cefotaxime (4.54%), chloramphenicol (4.04%), nitrofurantoin (2.52%), cefoxitin (2.02%), gentamycin (1.01%), and no resistance to colistin. However, nine extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing E. coli strains were identified. Forty-four different patterns were determined, indicating a wide variety of resistance, ranging from one antimicrobial to a combination of 10. Analysis of coresistances revealed that 63 isolates (31.82%) were susceptible to all antibiotics used in the study, 42 isolates (21.21%) were resistant to one antibiotic, 43 isolates (21.72%) were resistant to two antibiotics, 24 isolates (12.12%) resistant to three antibiotics, 26 isolates (13.13%) were resistant for more than three agents, and 45 isolates (22.73%) were MDR (which means resistant to three or more families of antibiotics). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that commensal E. coli remains a potential source of antibiotic resistance in view of the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The vast range of MDR phenotypes, especially extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing strains, emphasizes the urgent requirement to adopt measures to control the use of antimicrobials, in particular, by private veterinarians, as well as the strengthening of veterinary surveillance networks for antimicrobial resistance to control the spread of MDR bacteria from animals to humans and the environment.

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ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Altaf Bandy ◽

Bilal Tantry

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Chi Square ◽

E Coli ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

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Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli from Raw Meats, Ready-to-Eat Meats, and Their Related Samples in One Health Context

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

Frederick Adzitey ◽

Nurul Huda ◽

Amir Husni Mohd Shariff

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

The Usa ◽

Raw Meats

Meat is an important food source that can provide a significant amount of protein for human development. The occurrence of bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials in meat poses a public health risk. This study evaluated the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli (Escherichia coli) isolated from raw meats, ready-to-eat (RTE) meats and their related samples in Ghana. E. coli was isolated using the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the disk diffusion method. Of the 200 examined meats and their related samples, 38% were positive for E. coli. Notably, E. coli was highest in raw beef (80%) and lowest in RTE pork (0%). The 45 E. coli isolates were resistant ≥ 50% to amoxicillin, trimethoprim and tetracycline. They were susceptible to azithromycin (87.1%), chloramphenicol (81.3%), imipenem (74.8%), gentamicin (72.0%) and ciprofloxacin (69.5%). A relatively high intermediate resistance of 33.0% was observed for ceftriaxone. E. coli from raw meats, RTE meats, hands of meat sellers and working tools showed some differences and similarities in their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance patterns. Half (51.1%) of the E. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The E. coli isolates showed twenty-two different resistant patterns, with a multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.0 to 0.7. The resistant pattern amoxicillin (A, n = 6 isolates) and amoxicillin-trimethoprim (A-TM, n = 6 isolates) were the most common. This study documents that raw meats, RTE meats and their related samples in Ghana are potential sources of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and pose a risk for the transfer of resistant bacteria to the food chain, environment and humans.

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