scholarly journals Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Oil as a Potential Alternative to Antibiotics in Poultry

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Abdel-Moneim E. Abdel-Moneim ◽  
Noureldeen G. Mohammed ◽  
Asmaa F. Khafaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The removal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as feed additives in poultry nutrition from the market in many countries has compelled researchers to find unconventional and safe alternatives to AGPs. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, herbs, immune-stimulants and essential oils (EO) have been investigated as feed additives in poultry production. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), one of the oldest medicinal plants and widely used around the world, can be used in poultry rations in the form of powder or essential oil. Essential oils produced from aromatic plants have become more interesting owing to their potential effects as hypocholesterolaemic agents, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antifungals and stimulants of digestive enzymes. The potential insecticidal and antimicrobial activities of EO against pathogens that cause spoilage in agriculture crops and human diseases might be attributed mainly to the high content of volatile components (mainly cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and carvacrol) in cinnamon oil. The present review focuses on the effects of cinnamon oil as a feed additive on poultry performance, carcass traits, meat quality, hypocholesterolaemic impact, antioxidant activity, immunity and microbiological aspects.

scholarly journals Phytogenic Feed Additives as An Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jet Saartje Mandey ◽  
Florencia Nery Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Oil Blends ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Poultry Nutrition ◽  
Improved Performance

Phytoadditives in animal nutrition have attracted a lot of attention for their potential role as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Phytoadditives are feed additives originated from plants or botanicals that are used in poultry nutrition. This chapter provides an overview about the potency of alternative additive from plants as a basis for exploring it as a phytoadditive for poultry. These substances are derived from herbs, spices, and other plants and their extracts. They are natural, less toxic, residue free and ideal feed additives for poultry when compared to synthetic antibiotics. There efficacy of phytogenic applications in poultry nutrition depends on several factors, such as composition and feed inclusion level of phytogenic preparations, bird genetics, and overall diet composition. Addition of 100 mg/kg feed essential oils consist of carvacrol, thymol and limonene in matrix encapsulation improved performance and apparent ideal digestibility of nutrients of broiler chickens. Besides enhancing performance, phytogenic also has antioxidant, the effects of which are associated with essential oils (EOs) and their components. Administration of eucalyptus and peppermint oil blends by oral (0.25 ml/L drinking water) and spray route (0.1 ml/20 ml water) reduced Newcastle disease infection in broilers. Phytoadditives have antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antitoxigenic, antiparasitic and insecticidal properties. The benefits of using phytoadditives in poultry nutrition are increased feed intake, stimulation of digestion, increased growth performance, reduced incidence of disease, improved reproductive parameters, feed efficiency, profitability. Based on the latest scientific findings presented in this chapter, the following main conclusions have been drawn that phytomolecule and that bioactives have potential to be developed as an alternative additive for poultry, and that promote health.

scholarly journals Biological Evaluation of Some Plant Bioactives as Feed Additives to Replace Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Feeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Arnold Parlindungan Sinurat ◽  
Tiurma Pasaribu ◽  
Tresnawati Purwadaria ◽  
Tuti Haryati ◽  
Elizabeth Wina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Broiler Feed

Antibiotics (AGP) have been used as feed additives to promote growth and feed efficiency in poultry production. However, many countries include Indonesia now ban the use of AGP and attempts are made to replace the antibiotic to maintain good performances of broilers. Plant bioactives is one of the alternatives that could replace the AGP. An experiment was conducted in an attempt to replace the AGP in broiler feed with a mixture of some plant bioactives<strong> </strong>(liquid smoke of cashew nutshell, <em>Phyllanthus niruri,</em> and clove leaves). Eight (8) dietary treatments were formulated to have similar nutrients consist of negative control (NC), positive control (NC+AGP), diets supplemented with liquid plant bioactives in 3 levels and diets supplemented with powder plant bioactives in 3 levels.  Each diet was fed to 6 replications of 10 birds each from 1 to 35 days old. The performances and the immune response of the broilers due to the treatments were observed. Results showed that the powder plant bioactives could not improve the performance of broilers. None of the feed additives (AGP or plant bioactives) affect the immune systems of the broilers. However,  liquid plant bioactives in low dose improved the performance of broilers better than the AGP and therefore is suitable to replace the antibiotic as feed additives in broiler diet.

The effect of a formulation of natural essential oils used as an additive with a milk replacer and a compound feed on the feed efficiency of calves

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 68-68
Author(s):  
H.M.R. Greathead ◽  
J.M. Forbes ◽  
D. Beaumont ◽  
C. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Specific Formulation ◽  
The Eu

Some in-feed antibiotic growth promoters have been suspended from use within the EU. Alternatives to these antibiotics are actively being sought, especially ‘natural’ alternatives, such as essential oils, to try and maintain the performance advantage attributed to the use of these antibiotics. Some essential oils, e.g. thyme and origanum, have been shown to have anti-microbial activities (Hammer et al., 1999). The active compounds responsible for this property have been identified, and include cinnamaldehyde, cineol and eugenol. A specific formulation of essential oils reinforced with their active compounds has been combined into a form suitable for use as a feed additive (Multi-Functional Feed Additive, MFA). An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of this MFA on the food conversion ratio (FCR) of calves.

scholarly journals Phytogenic Compounds for Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry–A Review

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Latek ◽  
Magdalena Chłopecka ◽  
Wojciech Karlik ◽  
Marta Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

AbstractAfter the European Union ban of antibiotic growth promoters, works on different methods of improving gut health have intensified. The poultry industry is struggling with problems that were previously controlled by antibiotic growth promoters, therefore the search for optimal solutions continues. Simultaneously, there is also increasing social pressure to minimize the use of antibiotics and replace them with alternative feed additives. A variety of available alternatives is considered safe by consumers, among which phytogenics play a significant role. However, there are still some limitations that need to be considered. The most questionable are the issues related to bioavailability, metabolism of plant derivatives in birds, and the difficulty of standardizing commercial products. There is still a need for more evidence-based recommendations for the use of phytogenics in livestock. On the other hand, a positive influence of phytogenic compounds on the health of poultry has been previously described by many researchers and practical application of these compounds has auspicious perspectives in poultry production. Supplementation with phytogenic feed additives has been shown to protect birds from various environmental threats leading to impaired intestinal barrier function. Phytogenic feed additives have the potential to improve the overall structure of intestinal mucosa as well as gut barrier function on a molecular level. Recognition of the phytogenicsʼ effect on the components of the intestinal barrier may enable the selection of the most suitable ones to alleviate negative effects of different agents. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the influence of various phytogenic constituents on the intestinal barrier and health of poultry.

scholarly journals Global Restriction of Using Antibiotic Growth Promoters and Alternative Strategies in Poultry Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossan MD. Salim ◽  
Khan Shahidul Huque ◽  
Kazi M. Kamaruddin ◽  
Anwarul Haque Beg
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

A growing global concern of antibiotic use in poultry diets due to its potential adverse effects on birds and human health, food safety and the environment has led to a complete ban or restricted use in some countries, and, at the same time, expanding options for the use of alternative feed additives. Multiple, rather than a single additive may replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry. Blending of feeding additives and hygienic farm management, vaccination and biosecurity may help achieve good intestinal health, stabilise enteric ecosystems and result in sustainable and cost effective production performance of birds. Moreover, controlling unsolicited ingredients at the production level must have the support of different markets responsible for the supply of safe and quality poultry products for consumers. This requires the further increase and diversification of value added poultry products and the expansion of their markets through strategic planning and gradual limitation of live bird markets. More research is warranted in order to explore suitable, reliable and cost effective alternatives to AGPs for commercial use, and strategic poultry value chain development.

scholarly journals Use of essential oils in broiler chicken production – a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska ◽  
Danuta Szczerbińska
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Abstract Biological activity of volatile plant metabolites is the property that can potentially find application in animal nutrition. Nowadays, the use of bioactive compounds is encouraged in many areas of industry and agriculture, since these substances have similar properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. Meat poultry production is focused on the maximization of performance parameters, namely rapid chicken growth with low feed consumption, and with the optimum health status of the flock. Essential oils can stimulate the growth and functioning of the body, which translates into both chicken’s health and enhanced production parameters. The substances are characterized by a range of effects, are easily biodegradable, and do not usually require a waiting period - hence they can be used in breeding broiler chickens. Given the increasing restrictions imposed on poultry production in terms of food safety and ethical aspects of husbandry, it seems appropriate to look for the use of new, natural substances to be applied in animal production. The article presents the characteristics of essential oils in this context, with a particular focus on their antimicrobial and immunostimulatory properties. The paper also describes production applications of essential oils tested in experiments on hybrid Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chickens.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Feed Additives—Future Perspectives

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Stevanović ◽  
Jasna Bošnjak-Neumüller ◽  
Ivana Pajić-Lijaković ◽  
Jog Raj ◽  
Marko Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Active Compounds

The inconsistency of phytogenic feed additives’ (PFA) effects on the livestock industry poses a risk for their use as a replacement for antibiotic growth promoters. The livestock market is being encouraged to use natural growth promotors, but information is limited about the PFA mode of action. The aim of this paper is to present the complexity of compounds present in essential oils (EOs) and factors that influence biological effects of PFA. In this paper, we highlight various controls and optimization parameters that influence the processes for the standardization of these products. The chemical composition of EOs depends on plant genetics, growth conditions, development stage at harvest, and processes of extracting active compounds. Their biological effects are further influenced by the interaction of phytochemicals and their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract of animals. PFA effects on animal health and production are also complex due to various EO antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, anti-inflammatory, and digestive fluids stimulating activities. Research must focus on reliable methods to identify and control the quality and effects of EOs. In this study, we focused on available microencapsulation techniques of EOs to increase the bioavailability of active compounds, as well as their application in the animal feed additive industry.

The effects and mechanisms of acids on the health of piglets and weaners – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Nowak ◽  
Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska ◽  
Andrzej Frankiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe rearing of piglets is the most difficult period in the pigs’ production because of their poorly developed digestive system and the low activity of digestive enzymes. Problems in nutrition and stress cause some disorders in the functioning of the digestive system leading to diarrhea and the mortality of piglets. Starting in 2006 in the EU, a total ban on antibiotics in their use as growth promoters was introduced. Since then, new and safe feed additives have been sought in order to replace antibiotics. Organic and inorganic acids as well as their salts were recognized as effective and safe additives. Due to their properties, they can improve feed palatability and digestibility, reduce the buffer capacity of feed, impact the development and functioning of the pig’s digestive system and improve the health and growth parameters. However, the effectiveness of acids is related to their qualitative and quantitative share in the feed additive. In this review, some strategies for using organic acids, their mixtures and also some new multi-component products will be discussed.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals Honeybee and Plant Products as Natural Antimicrobials in Enhancement of Poultry Health and Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8467
Author(s):  
Erinda Lika ◽  
Marija Kostić ◽  
Sunčica Vještica ◽  
Ivan Milojević ◽  
Nikola Puvača
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Botanical Products ◽  
Poultry Diets

The quality and safety attributes of poultry products have attracted increasing widespread attention and interest from scholarly groups and the general population. As natural and safe alternatives to synthetic and artificial chemical drugs (e.g., antibiotics), botanical products are recently being used in poultry farms more than 60% of the time for producing organic products. Medicinal plants, and honeybee products, are natural substances, and they were added to poultry diets in a small amount (between 1% and 3%) as a source of nutrition and to provide health benefits for poultry. In addition, they have several biological functions in the poultry body and may help to enhance their welfare. These supplements can increase the bodyweight of broilers and the egg production of laying hens by approximately 7% and 10% and enhance meat and egg quality by more than 25%. Moreover, they can improve rooster semen quality by an average of 20%. Previous research on the main biological activities performed by biotics has shown that most research only concentrated on the notion of using botanical products as growth promoters, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial agents. In the current review, the critical effects and functions of bee products and botanicals are explored as natural and safe alternative feed additives in poultry production, such as antioxidants, sexual-stimulants, immuno-stimulants, and for producing healthy products.

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