scholarly journals Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Elodie Bacou ◽  
Carrie Walk ◽  
Sebastien Rider ◽  
Gilberto Litta ◽  
Estefania Perez-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Systemic Responses

The redox system is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. When redox homeostasis is disrupted through an increase of reactive oxygen species or a decrease of antioxidants, oxidative distress occurs resulting in multiple tissue and systemic responses and damage. Poultry, swine and fish, raised in commercial conditions, are exposed to different stressors that can affect their productivity. Some dietary stressors can generate oxidative distress and alter the health status and subsequent productive performance of commercial farm animals. For several years, researchers used different dietary stressors to describe the multiple and detrimental effects of oxidative distress in animals. Some of these dietary challenge models, including oxidized fats and oils, exposure to excess heavy metals, soybean meal, protein or amino acids, and feeding diets contaminated with mycotoxins are discussed in this review. A better understanding of the oxidative distress mechanisms associated with dietary stressors allows for improved understanding and evaluation of feed additives as mitigators of oxidative distress.

scholarly journals Involvement of the MetO/Msr System in Two Acer Species That Display Contrasting Characteristics during Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9197
Author(s):  
Natalia Wojciechowska ◽  
Shirin Alipour ◽  
Ewelina Stolarska ◽  
Karolina Bilska ◽  
Pascal Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radicals ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Norway Maple

The levels of methionine sulfoxide (MetO) and the abundances of methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) were reported as important for the desiccation tolerance of Acer seeds. To determine whether the MetO/Msrs system is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and involved in the regulation of germination in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds, Norway maple and sycamore were investigated. Changes in water content, MetO content, the abundance of MsrB1 and MsrB2 in relation to ROS content and the activity of reductases depending on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides were monitored. Acer seeds differed in germination speed—substantially higher in sycamore—hydration dynamics, levels of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radicals (O2•−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which exhibited peaks at different stages of germination. The MetO level dynamically changed, particularly in sycamore embryonic axes, where it was positively correlated with the levels of O2•− and the abundance of MsrB1 and negatively with the levels of •OH and the abundance of MsrB2. The MsrB2 abundance increased upon sycamore germination; in contrast, it markedly decreased in Norway maple. We propose that the ROS–MetO–Msr redox system, allowing balanced Met redox homeostasis, participates in the germination process in sycamore, which is characterized by a much higher speed compared to Norway maple.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Relevance to Cancer Immunotherapy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 986
Author(s):  
Nada S. Aboelella ◽  
Caitlin Brandle ◽  
Timothy Kim ◽  
Zhi-Chun Ding ◽  
Gang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Tumor Rejection ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies ◽  
The Impact

It has been well-established that cancer cells are under constant oxidative stress, as reflected by elevated basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to increased metabolism driven by aberrant cell growth. Cancer cells can adapt to maintain redox homeostasis through a variety of mechanisms. The prevalent perception about ROS is that they are one of the key drivers promoting tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Based on this notion, numerous antioxidants that aim to mitigate tumor oxidative stress have been tested for cancer prevention or treatment, although the effectiveness of this strategy has yet to be established. In recent years, it has been increasingly appreciated that ROS have a complex, multifaceted role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and that tumor redox can be targeted to amplify oxidative stress inside the tumor to cause tumor destruction. Accumulating evidence indicates that cancer immunotherapies can alter tumor redox to intensify tumor oxidative stress, resulting in ROS-dependent tumor rejection. Herein we review the recent progresses regarding the impact of ROS on cancer cells and various immune cells in the TME, and discuss the emerging ROS-modulating strategies that can be used in combination with cancer immunotherapies to achieve enhanced antitumor effects.

Mitochondria-Targeted Ratiometric Fluorescent Imaging of Cysteine

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Nan Wei ◽  
Bo Lin ◽  
Yang Shu ◽  
Jian-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Physiological Processes

As an indispensable biothiol, cysteine (Cys) plays a critical part in cellular redox homeostasis, pathological and physiological processes. One of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human...

Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity of Newly Synthesized Pyridazin-3-Ones In P815 (Murin Mastocytoma) Cell Line

Drug Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 528-536
Author(s):  
Najat Bouchmaa ◽  
Reda Ben Mrid ◽  
Youness Boukharsa ◽  
Youssef Bouargalne ◽  
Mohamed Nhiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
P815 Cell

Abstract Background In cancer cells, the intracellular antioxidant capacity and the redox homeostasis are mainly maintained by the glutathione- and thioredoxin-dependent systems which are considered as promising targets for anticancer drugs. Pyridazinones constitute an interesting source of heterocyclic compounds for drug discovery. The present investigation focused on studying the in-vitro antitumor activity of newly synthesized Pyridazin-3(2h)-ones derivatives against P815 (Murin mastocytoma) cell line. Methods The in-vitro cytotoxic activities were investigated toward the P815 cell line using tetrazolium-based MTT assay. Lipid peroxidation and the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes were also determined. Results The newly compounds had a selective dose-dependent cytotoxic effect without affecting normal cells (PBMCs). Apoptosis was further confirmed through the characteristic apoptotic morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. Two compounds (6f and 7h) were highly cytotoxic and were submitted to extend biological testing to determine the likely mechanisms of their cytotoxicity. Results showed that these molecules may induce cytotoxicity via disturbing the redox homeostasis. Importantly, the anticancer activity of 6f and 7h could be due to the intracellular reactive oxygen species hypergeneration through significant loss of glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activities. This eventually leads to oxidative stress-mediated P815 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the co-administration of 6f or 7h with Methotrexate exhibited a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Conclusions considering their significant anticancer activity and chemosensitivity, 6f and 7h may improve the therapeutic efficacy of the current treatment for cancer.

Preparation of the copper-containing metallogels based on chitosan for biomedical and agricultural applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
A. A. Vikhrov ◽  
◽  
V. P. Zubov ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
Promising Alternative

It is well-known, due to the geological features in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, there may be a shortage of certain microelements and other important “nutrients” in animal diets. The main approach to solve this problem is to use special feed additives. At present, preparations based on organic sources, for example, metal-polymer complexes, are considered a promising alternative. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved method for preparation of the copper-containing polysaccharide complexes and to study their most important parameters. Using CuCl2 as an example, it was shown that the formation of chitosan hydrogels is possible without the usage of potentially hazardous cross-linking agents (for example, glutaraldehyde) or polyvalent anions (for example, SO4 2–), which provide non-covalent cross-linking of chitosan due to electrostatic interactions with NH3 + in its composition. It was found that, upon frontal «gelation» of a 2% chitosan solution (MM 400±100 kDa) in acetic acid (1 vol%), the formation of stable metal gels is observed provided that the content of CuCl2 and ethanol in the precipitant solution is more than 40 mg/ml or more than 24 vol.%, respectively (Vchitosan = Vprecipitant). The obtained complexes are stable in aqueous-alcoholic solutions and swell in water up to destruction (pH 5,5). After additional treatment with an aqueous 1,5% ammonia solution, complexes practically do not swell in solutions with ≥ pH 5,5 (at least τ = 6 days) and dissolve at pH ≤ 4,2. Thus, the use of these complexes is able to provide the release of Cu2 + not in the rumen (pH 6,3–7,2), but in the abomasum (pH ~ 3), which can increase the bioavailability of copper. The development of an improved method for obtaining metal-polysaccharide complexes in a gel form that does not contain «ballast» (in terms of nutritional value and physiology of farm animals) anions (for example, SO4 2–) opens up new opportunities for the development of highly effective feed additives for animal husbandry.

The influence of asparaginates of iodine, cobalt, selenium and the drug «Creamino» on the metabolism and productive traits of young cattle

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
T. A. Krasnoshchekova ◽  
E. Yu. Zalyubovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Soy Protein ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Productive Traits

The determining factor in increasing the productivity of farm animals is the provision of comlete feeding of animals through feed additives. Among the functional feed additives containing essential trace elements, a special place under the conditions of the Amur region is given to microadditives of selenium, iodine and cobalt. The Amur region belongs to the biogeochemical region in which the defi ciency of I, Se and Co in feed is from 80 to 95 % compared to the average Russian indicators. The purpose of the work was to compare the eff ect of feed additives made from red alga Ahnfeltia, soy protein asparaginates separately and together with the drug “Creamino” on the growth, development and metabolism of young cattle. Under the conditions of the Amur region on the basis of their own experimental data in the rearing of young cattle, the eff ectiveness of the use of the drug “Creamino” and red alga Ahnfeltia has been scientifi cally justifi ed. The conducted scientifi c and economic and physiological experiments allowed us to determine the eff ect of red anfel on the growth and development, metabolic processes of replacement heifers and the growth rate of steers when they were fed soy protein asparaginates together with the drug “Creamino”. The evaluation of the economic effi ciency of feeding heifers I, Co and Se in organic form as part of soy protein asparaginates and red alga Ahnfeltia has shown a higher economic eff ect per 1 head per day in the 2nd experimental group, where the level of profi tability was 28,6 %. The results of the research and production experiment on steers have shown that from an economic point of view, it is advisable to use I, Co and Se in their rations in the form of soy protein asparaginates together with the drug “Creamino”, feeding of which can signifi cantly increase the economic eff ect, which is 1 head per day of 4,47 rubles with a profi tability level of 31,0 %.

scholarly journals Perspectives for rare earth elements as feed additive in livestock — A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hujaz Tariq ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Srobana Sarkar ◽  
Lamella Ojha ◽  
Ravi Prakash Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Safe Alternative

There is a need for newer feed additives due to legal prohibition on inclusion of growth promoting antibiotics in livestock diets in several countries due to antimicrobial resistance. In this context, rare earth elements (REE) have gained attention among animal nutritionists as potential growth promoters. Currently, several studies have reported better weight gain, milk production, egg laying capacity and feed conversion efficiency among different breeds of farm animals following supplementation with REE, with however largely inconsistent results. Furthermore, REE supplementation has also shown to improve ruminal fibrolytic and proteolytic activities as well as flavor of meat with negligible residues in edible tissue, however the mechanism behind this action is still unclear. According to existing research, due to their poor absorption and similarity with calcium REE might exert their action locally on gut microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, REE have also shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as immune stimulating effects. The present review aims to broaden the knowledge about use of REE as feed additives for livestock and sum up efficacy of REE supplementation on performance and health of animals by comparing the findings. Till date, researches with REE have shown properties that make them a promising, new and safe alternative feed additive but further exploration is recommended to optimize effects and clarify discrepancy of various results before practical proposals can be drafted.

scholarly journals The Effect of Acute Oral Galactose Administration on the Redox System of the Rat Small Intestine

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Jan Homolak ◽  
Ana Babic Perhoc ◽  
Ana Knezovic ◽  
Jelena Osmanovic Barilar ◽  
Davor Virag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Redox System ◽  
Dissociation Rate ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration prevents and alleviates cognitive decline in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that galactose may exert beneficial health effects by acting in the gut. The present aim was to explore the acute time-response of intestinal redox homeostasis following oral administration of d-galactose. Male Wistar rats were euthanized at baseline (n = 6), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 6), and 120 (n = 6) minutes following orogastric administration of d-galactose (200 mg/kg). The overall reductive capacity, lipid peroxidation, the concentration of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWT) and protein sulfhydryls (SH), the activity of Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD), reduced and oxidized fractions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADPH/NADP), and the hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate were analyzed in duodenum and ileum. Acute oral administration of d-galactose increased the activity of SODs and decreased intestinal lipid peroxidation and nucleophilic substrates (LMWT, SH, NADPH), indicating activation of peroxidative damage defense pathways. The redox system of the small intestine can acutely tolerate even high luminal concentrations of galactose (0.55 M), and oral galactose treatment is associated with a reduction rather than the increment of the intestinal OS. The ability of oral d-galactose to modulate intestinal OS should be further explored in the context of intestinal barrier maintenance, and beneficial cognitive effects associated with long-term administration of low doses of d-galactose.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE NEW CITRUS POMACE FEED ADDITIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
O. Karunskyi ◽  
G. I. Kotets ◽  
M. M. Madani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Citrus Waste ◽  
Granulation Technology

The materials of the article present data on research on the chemical, mineral-vitamin composition and nutritional value of a new feed additive from citrus pomace. The article presents the results of research on the technological line of granulation of citrus waste, established the optimal composition for granulation of citrus feed additives: sunflower meal - 20%, molasses - 5% and 75% of citrus fruits.Their chemical composition was studied, the gross content of proteins, fats, assimilated carbohydrates, including simple sugars, was determined, and the efficiency of use in the diets of farm animals was determined. The positive influence of citrus waste granulation technology has been established, which allows to obtain high-quality granules. Chemical analysis of citrus granules showed that 100 g contains: protein - 6.15 g, fat - 0.99 g, carbohydrates - 21.8 g, of which simple sugars 14 g, the energy value of this feed additive - Kcal (kJ) - 120.7 (505.7).The possibility of preparation of feed additives in the form of granules is revealed, which allows to avoid selfsorting of components and overdose of microelements and to improve the consumption of feed ingredients. The ability to prepare feed additives in the form of granules avoids self-sorting of components and overdose of micronutrients and improve the consumption of feed ingredients. The results of zootechnical researches, structure and nutritional value of average daily rations with use of citrus pomace are resulted.It was found that the introduction into the diet of dairy cows feed additives from citrus pomace during stable lactation increases the average daily expectations by 1.8 kg or 15.5%, feed costs for milk production containing 4 fat were 0.97-0, 98 feed units. When using a feed additive from citrus pomace, the nutritional value of the diet is improved due to the ratio of sugar - protein (0.62: 1 vs. 0.8: 1.2).

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