scholarly journals Low Dietary n6/n3 Ratio Attenuates Changes in the NRF 2 Gene Expression, Lipid Peroxidation, and Inflammatory Markers Induced by Fructose Overconsumption in the Rat Abdominal Adipose Tissue

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Petra Roškarić ◽  
Marcela Šperanda ◽  
Tomislav Mašek ◽  
Donatella Verbanac ◽  
Kristina Starčević
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Fructose

The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of different n6/n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fructose diet. Male and female rats were divided into four groups: a control group (CON) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), a high-fructose group (HF) (n6/n3 ratio ~7), an N6-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~50), and the DHA-HF group (n6/n3 ratio ~1, with the addition of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid). The CON group received plain water and the HF group received 15% fructose in their drinking water. Fructose induced an increase in the content of serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, and HOMA-IR index. Among the fatty acids, elevated proportions of C18:1n9 and C16:1n7, as well as an increase in total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), were found in the adipose tissue of the HF group. Fructose treatment also changed oxidative parameters, including a marked increase in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Meanwhile, DHA supplementation caused a significant decrease in the serum MDA concentration in comparison with the HF group. In addition, DHA/EPA supplementation attenuated oxidative stress by increasing NRF 2 gene expression. Fructose treatment also significantly decreased the adiponectin level, while DHA supplementation ameliorated it. The changes observed in this trial, including the decrease in the content of DHA and EPA, the decreased EPA/ARA ratio, and the increase in the expression of inflammatory genes, are characteristics of the low-grade inflammation caused by fructose treatment. These changes in the rat adipose tissue could be prevented by dietary intervention consisting of DHA supplementation and a low n6/n3 ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of Linseed Oil Dietary Supplementation on Fatty Acid Composition and Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Growing Goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ebrahimi ◽  
M. A. Rajion ◽  
Y. M. Goh ◽  
A. Q. Sazili ◽  
J. T. Schonewille
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding oil palm frond silage based diets with added linseed oil (LO) containing highα-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3), namely, high LO (HLO), low LO (LLO), and without LO as the control group (CON) on the fatty acid (FA) composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPAR-γ, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in Boer goats. The proportion of C18:3n-3 in subcutaneous adipose tissue was increased (P<0.01) by increasing the LO in the diet, suggesting that the FA from HLO might have escaped ruminal biohydrogenation. Animals fed HLO diets had lower proportions of C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6, CLA cis-9 trans-11, and C20:4n-6 and higher proportions of C18:3n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue than animals fed the CON diets, resulting in a decreased n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio (FAR) in the tissue. In addition, feeding the HLO diet upregulated the expression of PPAR-γ(P<0.05) but downregulated the expression of SCD (P<0.05) in the adipose tissue. The results of the present study show that LO can be safely incorporated in the diets of goats to enrich goat meat with potential health beneficial FA (i.e., n-3 FA).

Regulation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by LMP1 Oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Low Grade B-Cell Leukemic Lymphomas

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 5212-5212
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Theodorou Diamantopoulos ◽  
Katerina Polonyfi ◽  
Nikolaos Spanakis ◽  
Athanassios Galanopoulos ◽  
Georgia Diamantopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Aging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Abstract 5212 Background: In all Epstein-Barr (EBV)-associated malignancies, the virus displays a latency program of infection and a restricted pattern of gene expression. Among the products of these genes, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a potent transforming protein with several different roles. LMP1 has been shown in cell lines to stimulate apoptosis. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, is an important regulator of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, while oxidative stress (OS) is a cellular condition particularly relevant to cell aging. In the present study we enrolled patients with non-EBV-related low grade B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. The aim was to detect (1) the viral load of EBV-positive patients, (2) the expression of LMP1 oncoprotein, (3) the possible apoptotic properties of LMP1 by correlating the levels of survivin with LMP1 expression, and (4) the levels of oxidative stress in LMP1-positive and negative patients. Patients and Methods: Forty eight Greek patients with EBV-unrelated low grade B-cell leukemic lymphomas, were enrolled in the study (chronic lymphocytic leukemia: 27, marginal zone lymphoma: 12, mantle cell lymphoma: 4, hairy cell leukemia: 2, follicular lymphoma: 2, lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: 1). The majority of patients (61.2%) were treatment-naïve, while the rest had not received any treatment for at least 6 months. DNA from peripheral blood was tested by quantitative real time (qRT) PCR for the EBV-R gene. RNA from EBV-positive patients was examined by RT-PCR and qRT PCR for LMP-1, while using qRT PCR we measured survivin expression in all patients. Densitometric analysis (DA) was used for semi-quantification of the survivin gene expression. The results were expressed relative to the expression of ABL housekeeping gene. The control group included 30 EBV-negative healthy adults. Oxidative stress was measured in the serum of all patients using the PerOx (TOS/TOC) Kit, by Immunodiagnostik. Non parametric methods (Mann-Whitney test) were used for statistical analysis of the results. Results: Twenty five (25) men and 23 women, with a median age of 74 (51–87 years old) were studied. EBV positivity was detected in 19/48 (39.6%) patients, and LMP1 was expressed in 13/19 (68.4%) EBV-positive patients. Survivin levels were lower in LMP1-positive patients vs LMP1-negative patients (2-tailed p=0.009). The oxidative stress was lower (261.4 μmol/L) in LMP1-positive patients vs LMP1-negative patients (372.3 μmol/L), (2-tailed p=0.014). Discussion: The literature lacks information about the expression of LMP1 in the peripheral blood of patients with non-EBV-related low grade B-cell leukemic lymphomas. Previous studies in LMP1-positive lymphoma cell lines have shown the apoptotic functions of LMP1 during type II latency. In this study LMP1-positive patients express statistically significant lower levels of survivin vs LMP1-negative patients. This finding is in accordance to the hypothesis that LMP1 oncoprotein can induce apoptosis. LMP1-positive patients had lower levels of oxidative stress compared to LMP1-negative patients. According to our findings, in non-EBV-related lymphomas, LMP1 may increase apoptosis and decrease the levels of oxidative stress. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Reducing selenoprotein P expression suppresses adipocyte differentiation as a result of increased preadipocyte inflammation

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (1) ◽  
pp. E77-E85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Lipogenic Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Inflammation

Oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation have been implicated in obesity and insulin resistance. As a selenium transporter, ubiquitously expressed selenoprotein P (SeP) is known to play a role in the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity. However, SeP expression and regulation in adipose tissue in obesity and its role in inflammation and adipocyte biology remain unexplored. In this study, we examined Sepp1 gene expression and regulation in adipose tissue of obese rodents and characterized the role of Sepp1 in adipose inflammation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that Sepp1 gene expression was significantly reduced in adipose tissue of ob/ob and high-fat diet-induced obese mice as well as in primary adipose cells isolated from Zucker obese rats. Rosiglitazone administration increased SeP protein expression in adipose tissue of obese mice. Treatment of either TNFα or H2O2 significantly reduced Sepp1 gene expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Interestingly, Sepp1 gene silencing resulted in the reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity and the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and IL-6 in preadipocytes, leading to the inhibition of adipogenesis and adipokine and lipogenic gene expression. Most strikingly, coculturing Sepp1 KD cells resulted in a marked inhibition of normal 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. We conclude that SeP has an important role in adipocyte differentiation via modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Rotondo ◽  
Ana Cecilia Ho-Palma ◽  
Xavier Remesar ◽  
José Antonio Fernández-López ◽  
María del Mar Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Initial Glucose Concentration ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Carbon Substrates

BackgroundAdult rat epididymal adipocytes are able to convert large amounts of glucose to lactate and glycerol. However, fatty acid efflux is much lower than that expected from glycerol levels if they were the product of lipolysis. Use of glucose for lipogenesis is limited, in contrast with the active glycolysis-derived lactate (and other 3-carbon substrates). In this study, we analyzed whether white adipose tissue (WAT) site and sex affect these processes.MethodsMature adipocytes from perigonadal, mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT of female and male rats were isolated, and incubated with 7 or 14 mM glucose during 1 or 2 days. Glucose consumption, metabolite efflux and gene expression of glycolytic and lipogenesis-related genes were measured.ResultsThe effects of medium initial glucose concentration were minimal on most parameters studied. Sex-induced differences that were more extensive; however, the most marked, distinct, effects between WAT sites, were dependent on the time of incubation. In general, the production of lactate was maintained during the incubation, but glycerol release rates increased with time, shifting from a largely glycolytic origin to its triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolytic release. Glycerol incorporation was concurrent with increased TAG turnover: lipolytic glycerol was selectively secreted, while most fatty acids were recycled again into TAG. Fatty acid efflux increased with incubation, but was, nevertheless, minimal compared with that of glycerol. Production of lactate and glycerol from glucose were maximal in mesenteric WAT.DiscussionFemale rats showed a higher adipocyte metabolic activity than males. In mesenteric WAT, gene expression (and substrate efflux) data suggested that adipocyte oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA was higher in females than in males, with enhanced return of oxaloacetate to the cytoplasm for its final conversion to lactate. WAT site differences showed marked tissue specialization-related differences. Use of glucose for lipogenesis was seriously hampered over time, when TAG turnover-related lipolysis was activated. We postulate that these mechanisms may help decrease glycaemia and fat storage, producing, instead, a higher availability of less-regulated 3-carbon substrates, used for energy elsewhere.

scholarly journals Dietary Fructose Activates Insulin Signaling and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue: Modulatory Role of Resveratrol

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bilgehan Pektas ◽  
Halit Bugra Koca ◽  
Gokhan Sadi ◽  
Fatma Akar
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
High Fructose Diet ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Dietary Fructose

The effects of high-fructose diet on adipose tissue insulin signaling and inflammatory process have been poorly documented. In this study, we examined the influences of long-term fructose intake and resveratrol supplementation on the expression of genes involved in insulin signaling and the levels of inflammatory cytokines and sex hormones in the white adipose tissues of male and female rats. Consumption of high-fructose diet for 24 weeks increased the expression of genes involved in insulin signaling includingIR,IRS-1,IRS-2,Akt,PI3K,eNOS,mTOR, andPPARγ, despite induction of proinflammatory markers, iNOS, TNFα, IL-1β, IL-18, MDA, and ALT, as well as anti-inflammatory factors, IL-10 and Nrf2 in adipose tissues from males and females. Total and free testosterone concentrations of adipose tissues were impaired in males but increased in females, although there were no changes in their blood levels. Resveratrol supplementation markedly restored the levels of MDA, IL6, IL-10, and IL-18, as well asiNOS,Nrf2, andPI3KmRNA, in adipose tissues of both genders. Dietary fructose activates both insulin signaling and inflammatory pathway in the adipose tissues of male and female rats proposing no correlation between the tissue insulin signaling and inflammation. Resveratrol has partly modulatory effects on fructose-induced changes.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

Caprenin 1. Digestion, Absorption, and Rearrangement in Thoracic Duct-Cannulated Rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Webb ◽  
R. A. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Caprenin (CAP) is a triglyceride that primarily contains caprylic (C8:0), capric (C10:0), and behenic (C22:0) acids. This study was undertaken to determine whether or not CAP is qualitatively digested, absorbed, and rearranged like other dietary fats and oils that contain these medium-chain and very long-chain fatty acids. In vitro results showed that neat CAP, coconut oil (CO) and peanut oil (PO) were hydrolyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase. All of the neat triglycerides also were digested in vivo by both male and female rats. This was shown by the recovery of significantly more extractable lymphatic fat than with fat-free control animals and by the recovery of orally administered triglyceride-derived fatty acids in lymph triglycerides. However, substantially more PO (74%) and CO (51%) were recovered in lymph relative to CAP (10%). These quantitative differences are consistent with the fatty acid composition of each triglyceride and primary routes of fatty acid uptake. The 24-h lymphatic recovery of CAP-derived C8:0, C10:0, and C22:0 averaged 3.9%, 17.8%, and 11.2%, respectively, for male and female rats. The C8:0 and C10:0 results approximated those obtained with CO (2.0% and 16.3%, respectively). In contrast, the 24-h absorbability of C22:0 in CAP was significantly less than that seen in PO (55.4%). Finally, there was no evidence of significant rearrangement of the positions of fatty acids on glycerol during digestion and absorption. Those fatty acids recovered in lymphatic fat tended to occupy the same glyceride positions that they did in the neat administered oils. However, the lymph fats recovered from all animals dosed with fat emulsions were enriched with endogenous lymph fatty acids. It is concluded that CAP is qualitatively digested, absorbed, and processed like any dietary fat or oil that contains medium-chain and very long-chain fatty acids.

Gonadal steroids effect similar regulation of gonadotrophin subunit mRNA expression in both male and female rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Dalkin ◽  
S. J. Paul ◽  
D. J. Haisenleder ◽  
G. A. Ortolano ◽  
M. Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Gnrh Antagonist ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Subunit Gene ◽  
Gnrh Secretion ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females

ABSTRACT Gonadal steroids can act both indirectly via gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and directly on the pituitary to regulate gonadotrophin subunit gene expression. Recent studies to assess a possible direct action at the pituitary have shown that testosterone, when given to males in the absence of endogenous GnRH action, selectively increases FSH-β mRNA concentrations. Conversely, in females, oestradiol appears to regulate gonadotrophin subunit mRNAs primarily via GnRH. The present study was designed to determine whether these differing results reflect specific actions of the gonadal steroids themselves or different responses of the pituitary gonadotroph cells in males and females. Rats which had been castrated 7 days earlier were given silicone elastomer implants (s.c.) containing oestradiol (plasma oestradiol 68 ± 4 ng/l) in males or testosterone (plasma testosterone 3·5 ± 0·3 μg/l) in females in the absence or presence of a GnRH antagonist. Seven days later pituitaries were removed and steady-state mRNA concentrations measured by dotblot hybridization. In males, oestradiol reduced LH-β and FSH-β but not α mRNA. The antagonist reduced levels of all three subunit mRNAs in males and the addition of oestradiol had no further effect, suggesting that oestradiol regulates gonadotrophin subunit gene expression in males by suppressing GnRH secretion. In females, testosterone reduced all three subunit mRNAs though FSH-β remained threefold higher than in intact animals. The GnRH antagonist was as effective as testosterone alone and reduced α and LH-β to levels found in intact animals. FSH-β mRNA was partially reduced by antagonist alone in ovariectomized females but the addition of testosterone increased FSH-β twofold versus antagonist alone (as has been observed in males). These findings, together with earlier data, suggest that testosterone increased FSH-β twofold versus antagonist alone (as has been observed in males). These findings, together with earlier data, suggest that testosterone reduces gonadotrophin subunit mRNAs by inhibiting GnRH secretion and also acts directly on the gonadotroph to increase steady-state FSH-β mRNA concentrations in both males and females. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 132, 39–45

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