scholarly journals The Use of a Targeted Must Oxygenation Method in the Process of Developing the Archival Potential of Natural Wine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Jozefína Pokrývková ◽  
Štefan Ailer ◽  
Jaroslav Jedlička ◽  
Peter Chlebo ◽  
Ľuboš Jurík
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Reduction Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Grape Varieties

We examined the effect of two different technological processes for wine production on qualitative parameters of wine. We used the reductive method, which is currently considered to be the conventional method, and a targeted must oxidation method. We evaluated the basic physicochemical parameters and sensory attributes of wine as well as the content of phenolic substances in wine, which are responsible for the oxidation processes. The vegetable materials used were the grape varieties, Welschriesling, Chardonnay, and Rheinriesling. The content of phenolic substances was determined by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography), and the basic analytical parameters of wine were determined by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) spectrometry. The sensory analysis was evaluated according to the International Union of Oenologists. For each of the wines examined, the total content of phenolic substances decreased after the targeted oxidation method was applied. For the Welschriesling variety produced by the reduction method, the total content of the 19 monitored phenolic substances in the year 2015 was 88.37 mg·L−1, and for the wine produced by target oxygenation, it was 68.63 mg·L−1. This represents a decrease of 21.5%. In the year 2016, the decrease was 20.91%. By reducing the content of phenolic substances, the oxidation processes in wines are eliminated after bottling. Thus, there is less need for sulphating wines with a reduced content of phenols.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE EXTRACTION PROCESS AND STOCK OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF LOCALIZED WINE-TECHNICAL RED AND WHITE VARIETIES OF GRAPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-79
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Grape Varieties

The aim of the study was to determine the technological stock of phenolic compounds in European technical grape varieties grown in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, used to produce white and red wines. UV-Vis spectrophotometric method determined the total content of phenolic compounds in localized wine-technical grape varieties. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the qualitative and quantitative content of groups and subgroups of phenolic compounds was studied, biologically active components obtained in the process of their extraction were identified, and studies were carried out to analyze the types of phenolic compounds by chromatographic separation in certain wine-technical grape varieties. Chromatographic separation, identification and qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds revealed 2 groups of phenol-carboxylic acids, 9 groups of dihydroxy acids, 7 groups of flavan-3-ol, 12 groups of flavonols and 15 groups of anthocyanins, as well as, 2 tannins. Also revealed the presence of flavonoids, which have such advantages as the individual identification of their polymer products. Studies have shown that local grape varieties have a high degree of phenolic retention. This result opens up tremendous opportunities for future scientific improvement of wine production technology

INFLUENCE OF PREPARATION CONDITIONS ON THE SAFETY INDICATORS OF GRAPE POMACE EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.И. ФЕРЗАУЛИ ◽  
Я.В. УШАКОВА ◽  
А.А. ХОХЛОВА ◽  
М.Ш. ГАЗИЕВА ◽  
Ю.Ф. ЯКУБА
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Atomic Spectrometry ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentrations ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Grape Varieties

Исследовано влияние условий получения на показатели безопасности экстрактов сладкой и сброженной выжимки из винограда красных сортов – Мерло, Каберне Совиньон, Шираз, Изабелла. Для получения экстрактов использовали водопроводную воду и 1%-й водный раствор соляной кислоты. Анализ экстрактов проводили методом капиллярного электрофореза, атомной спектрометрией, химическими испытаниями. Установлено, что применение кислой среды увеличивает в экстрактах сладкой и сброженной виноградной выжимки содержание марганца на 25–39%, железа – на 33–40%, меди – на 30–60%, цинка – на 60–75%, свинца – в 2–3 раза, кадмия – в 2 раза. Проведение процесса экстракции из сладкой выжимки винограда показало уменьшение извлечения в экстракт токсичных металлов, особенно кадмия. Установленное содержание токсичных металлов и железа в экстрактах виноградной выжимки не превышало предельно допустимых концентраций для вспомогательных материалов винодельческой продукции. Наличие этанола в количестве 3,0–4,4% об., метанола 100–130 мг/дм3, суммарного содержания высших спиртов 110–220 мг/дм3, уксусного альдегида, 2-фенилэтанола, фурфурола в количестве 5–20 мг/дм3, сложных эфиров 120–240 мг/дм3 в образцах экстрактов сброженной выжимки не превышает аналогичных показателей для винодельческой продукции. The influence of conditions for obtaining on the safety indicators extracts of sweet and fermented pomace from red grape varieties – Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Isabella on safety indicators was studied. Tap water and 1% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid were used to obtain the extracts. The analysis of extracts was carried out by capillary electrophoresis, atomic spectrometry, and chemical tests. It was found that the use of acidic medium increases in extracts of sweet and fermented grape pomace content manganese by 25–39%, iron – 33–40%, copper – 30–60%, zinc – 60–75%, lead – 2–3 times, cadmium – 2 times. The process of extraction from sweet grape pomace showed a decrease in the extraction of toxic metals into the extract, especially cadmium. The established content of toxic metals and iron in grape pomace extracts did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations for auxiliary materials of wine products. The presence of ethanol in the amount of 3,0–4.4% vol., methanol 100–130 mg/dm3, the total content of higher alcohols 110–220 mg/dm3, acetic aldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, furfural in the amount of 5–20 mg/dm3, esters 120–240 mg/dm3in samples of extracts of fermented pomace does not exceed similar indicators for wine production.

scholarly journals Polyphenols of grape pomace and vines, qualitative and quantitative composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 292-298
Author(s):  
И.В. Черноусова ◽  
Г.П. Зайцев ◽  
Т.А. Жилякова ◽  
Ю.В. Гришин ◽  
В.Е. Мосолкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Grape Varieties

В работе экспериментально оценены этанольные экстракты выжимки винограда красных сортов и спиртовые экстракты из лозы винограда белых и красных сортов по количественному и качественному составу полифенолов - основных функциональных ингредиентов биологической активности продуктов переработки винограда. Анализ полученных данных показывает, что в этанольных экстрактах выжимки винограда сортов Каберне-Совиньон, Пино нуар, Антей магарачский, Мальбек, Саперави, Бастардо магарачский, Мускат гамбургский представлен весь спектр полифенолов, свойственный красным виноградным винам (антоцианы, флавоны, флаван-3-олы, оксикоричные, оксибензойные кислоты, олигомерные и полимерные проантоцианидины), при этом количественное содержание полифенолов кратно превосходит их концентрацию в вине. В этанольных экстрактах лозы винограда сортов Цитронный Магарача, Алиготе, Ркацители, Бастардо магарачский, Каберне-Совиньон обнаружены стильбеновые вещества, которые составляют от 9,2 до 28,1 % от суммы всех фенольных веществ. В спиртовых экстрактах из лозы винограда сорта Пино нуар концентрация стильбеновых веществ достигает 47,2 % от суммы фенольных веществ. Получены пищевые экспериментальные образцы концентратов из выжимки Каберне-Совиньон и лозы винограда сортов Цитронный Магарача, Пино нуар, Каберне-Совиньон. В безалкогольном пищевом концентрате полифенолов из лозы винограда по сравнению с концентратом из виноградной выжимки сорта Каберне-Совиньон отсутствуют антоцианы, оксикоричные кислоты; присутствуют стильбеноиды, которые составляют 2,28 г/дм, или 20,9 % от суммы всех фенольных веществ. Стильбеновые вещества в составе комплекса полифенолов, выделенных из лозы винограда представлены транс-ресвератролом, e-виниферином, транс-пицеидом, транс-пикеатаннолом. Показатель суммарного содержания водорастворимых антиоксидантов зависит от содержания в концентрированных экстрактах виноградной выжимки олигомерных и полимерных проантоцианидинов, а в случае концентрата из лозы винограда - и от концентрации стильбеновых веществ. Abstact. In the work, ethanol extracts of pomace of red grape varieties and alcoholic extracts of vines of white and red grape varieties are experimentally assessed by the quantitative and qualitative composition of polyphenols as the main functional ingredients of biological activity of grape processing products. The obtained data analysis shows that in ethanol extracts of grape pomace from the ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’, ‘Pinot Noir’, ‘Antei Magarachskiy’, ‘Malbec’, ‘Saperavi’, ‘Bastardo Magarachskiy’, ‘Muscat Hamburg’, the whole range of polyphenols, common to red grape wines (anthocyanins, flavones, flavan-3-ols, oxycinnamic, oxybenzoic acids, oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins), is presented, while quantitative content of polyphenols is many fold higher than their concentration in wine. In ethanol vine extracts of ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’, ‘Aligote’, ‘Rkatsiteli’, ‘Bastardo Magarachskiy’, ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ grape varieties, stilbene substances, which amount from 9,2 to 28,1% of the sum of all phenolic substances, were found. In alcoholic extracts of the ‘Pinot Noir’ vine, the concentration of stilbene substances reaches 47,2% of the sum of phenolic substances. Experimental food samples of concentrates from the ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ pomace and vines of the ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’, ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ grape varieties were obtained. In non-alcoholic food concentrate of polyphenols from grape vines, compared to the concentrate from the ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ grape pomace, anthocyanins and oxycinnamic acids are absent; stilbenoids, constituting 20.9% of the sum of all phenolic substances and amounting to 2.28 g/dm, are present. Stilbene substances in the composition of polyphenol complex, isolated from grape vines, are represented by trans-resveratrol, e-viniferin, trans-piceid and trans-piceatannol. The index of the total content of water-soluble antioxidants depends on the content of oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins in concentrated extracts of grape pomace; in the case of vine concentrate it also depends on the concentration of stilbene substances.

USE OF IBA TECHNIQUES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF OXIDATION PROCESSES IN SIALON CERAMICS

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 1305-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. M. BROWN ◽  
G. C. BARRIS ◽  
C. M. SHEPPARD ◽  
W. J. TROMPETTER ◽  
I. C. VICKRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Performance Engineering ◽  
Materials Used

Sialon ceramics (Si-Al-O-N) are high performance engineering materials used as cutting tools and wear parts whose performance may be compromised by high temperature oxidation. Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques, coupled with X-ray Diffraction, have been used to monitor oxidation processes in dense bodies of α/β-sialon, X-sialon and O-sialon subjected to heat treatment schedules in air to induce surface oxidation. This has permitted depth profiling of Si, Al, Y, O, & N in the sialon bodies, enabling direct comparison of oxidation resistance to be made between the different sialon compositions.

The rare, Georgian wine grape in modern enology

2020 ◽  
pp. 809-823
Author(s):  
Nino Chkhartishvili ◽  
Londa Mamasakhlisashvili ◽  
Irma Tchanturia ◽  
Demetre Bakradze
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Genetic Pool ◽  
Grape Varieties

Preserving rare grapes is not just a matter of variety. Recent dna research has shown that unusual and unknown grape varieties provide clues to wine history. During the centuries, 525 Georgian grape varieties had been known but most of them were degenerated. Nowadays, more than 437 rare Georgian vine varieties are preserved in the geo 038 collection of Agricultural Research-Scientific Center, established in 2014 under the Environment Protection and agriculture ministry. Study of the genetic pool of Georgian grape varieties determine the sustainability of the sector and enrichment of the modern wine market. For this reason the studies of the rare aboriginal grape varieties have begun by their ampelography, phenology, chemical, and oeno-caprological characterizes. The aim of this study is to investigate rare, Georgian, aboriginal wine-grapes by their ampelography, chemical and oenolo-caprological characterizes, and to offer different style and aroma wines to the market, enriching the modern wine assortment. The present study investigated firstly the rare Georgian aboriginal grape variety (Chvitiluri) by its characterizes. In this study grapes caprologycal indication, dynamic development of the sugar accumulation, TA and pH in berries, polyphenols extract in skin and seeds, and phenolic compounds were determined. The grape has been compared with Georgian and French wine-grapes and their products as well. The results show that the grape variety - Chvitiluri, and vinification technique (aging on lee) have the significant impact on the total phenol content in wine. White varietal wine contents high alcohol 13,2%, total phenols 733-500mg/l. Wine has specific, varietal characterizes color, taste, aroma. This study indicates that the rare local, aboriginal variety presents the perspective sort for wine production and can be returned in wine production.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Chloroprene/Natural/Butadiene Rubber Nanocomposite Properties Using Organoclays and Their Combination with Carbon Black as Fillers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1085
Author(s):  
Patricia Castaño-Rivera ◽  
Isabel Calle-Holguín ◽  
Johanna Castaño ◽  
Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas ◽  
Karen Galvez-Garrido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Organoclay nanoparticles (Cloisite® C10A, Cloisite® C15) and their combination with carbon black (N330) were studied as fillers in chloroprene/natural/butadiene rubber blends to prepare nanocomposites. The effect of filler type and load on the physical mechanical properties of nanocomposites was determined and correlated with its structure, compatibility and cure properties using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and rheometric analysis. Physical mechanical properties were improved by organoclays at 5–7 phr. Nanocomposites with organoclays exhibited a remarkable increase up to 46% in abrasion resistance. The improvement in properties was attributed to good organoclay dispersion in the rubber matrix and to the compatibility between them and the chloroprene rubber. Carbon black at a 40 phr load was not the optimal concentration to interact with organoclays. The present study confirmed that organoclays can be a reinforcing filler for high performance applications in rubber nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly, High-Performance Fire Retardant Made from Cellulose and Graphite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Leandra P. Santos ◽  
Douglas S. da Silva ◽  
Thais H. Morari ◽  
Fernando Galembeck
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Flame Resistance ◽  
New Developments ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Material ◽  
Accredited Laboratory ◽  
Materials Used

Many materials and additives perform well as fire retardants and suppressants, but there is an ever-growing list of unfulfilled demands requiring new developments. This work explores the outstanding dispersant and adhesive performances of cellulose to create a new effective fire-retardant: exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG). This is a new 2D polyfunctional material formed by drying aqueous dispersions of graphite and cellulose on wood, canvas, and other lignocellulosic materials, thus producing adherent layers that reduce the damage caused by a flame to the substrates. Visual observation, thermal images and surface temperature measurements reveal fast heat transfer away from the flamed spots, suppressing flare formation. Pinewood coated with ERG underwent standard flame resistance tests in an accredited laboratory, reaching the highest possible class for combustible substrates. The fire-retardant performance of ERG derives from its thermal stability in air and from its ability to transfer heat to the environment, by conduction and radiation. This new material may thus lead a new class of flame-retardant coatings based on a hitherto unexplored mechanism for fire retardation and showing several technical advantages: the precursor dispersions are water-based, the raw materials used are commodities, and the production process can be performed on commonly used equipment with minimal waste.

scholarly journals Biofoam of Spittlebug, Poophilus costalis (Walker): Preferential Sites, Temperature Regulation, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Kitherian Sahayaraj ◽  
Balakrishnan Saranya ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle ◽  
Koilraj Madasamy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
College Campus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The foam produced by nymphs of Poophilus costalis on eleven different host plants belonging to eight families on St. Xavier’s College campus in India was studied over five months. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of these biofoams were investigated. The results revealed that P. costalis preferred Theporsia purpurea and Mimosa pudica for laying their eggs and producing foam, over the other tested plants. P. costalis produce their foam on either nodes or internodes on monocotyledons (30%) (p < 0.05), whereas on dicotyledons, they produce more foam on the stems (63.8%) than on the leaves (6.2%) (p < 0.01). The number of nymphs in each piece of foam from P. costalis varied from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.8 per plant). They produced their foam (5.7 to 45.2 cm) from the ground level on a plant. The length and breadth of a piece of foam ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 cm and 0.6 to 4.7 cm, respectively. The foam tended to be cooler than the environment. Qualitative profiling showed that the foam consists of carbohydrates, including maltose; trypsin; amino acids; protease. The foam was also analyzed using a spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity of the biofoam was the greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of which was reduced by 55.9 ± 3.9%, suggesting that the foam could be used as an antimicrobial product. However, no activities were observed against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Fast Preparation of High-Performance Wood Materials Assisted by Ultrasonic and Vacuum Impregnation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 567
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Mingyu Gao ◽  
Jinxin Wang ◽  
Hongbo Mu ◽  
Dawei Qi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Vacuum Impregnation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ft Ir

In the absence of high-quality hardwood timber resources, we have gradually turned our attention from natural forests to planted fast-growing forests. However, fast-growing tree timber in general has defects such as low wood density, loose texture, and poor mechanical properties. Therefore, improving the performance of wood through efficient and rapid technological processes and increasing the utilization of inferior wood is a good way to extend the use of wood. Densification of wood increases the strength of low-density wood and extends the range of applications for wood and wood-derived products. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic and vacuum pretreatment on the properties of high-performance wood were explored by combining sonication, vacuum impregnation, chemical softening, and thermomechanical treatments to densify the wood; then, the changes in the chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of poplar wood before and after treatment were analyzed comparatively by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and mechanical tests. The results showed that with ultrasonic pretreatment and vacuum impregnation, the compression ratio of high-performance wood reached its highest level and the MOR and MOE reached their maximums. With the help of this method, fast-growing softwoods can be easily prepared into dense wood materials, and it is hoped that this new material can be applied in the fields of construction, aviation, and automobile manufacturing.

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