scholarly journals A Preliminary Laboratory Evaluation on the Use of Shredded Cigarette Filters as Stabilizing Fibers for Stone Mastic Asphalts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5674
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Tataranni ◽  
Cesare Sangiorgi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Double Function ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Reference Mixture

Cigarette butts can be considered as one of the most common contemporary sources of waste, considering the large consumption of cigarettes all over the world. Despite the fact that different solutions have been developed and tested in the recent years aiming to recycle them, cigarette butts are currently landfilled and incinerated. Following the circular economy principles, the experimental application proposed in this paper is an exploratory investigation on the use of shredded cigarette filters as sustainable alternative to the addition of fibers into Stone Mastic Asphalts (SMAs). This represents the preliminary step for a wider research project, aiming to find a possible recycling solution for cigarette butts as fibers in bituminous materials. The use of fibers is a common and well-established solution for the production of high bitumen content mixtures. The fibers have a double function: acting, generally, as a stabilizing agent and, where possible, improving the mechanical performance of the bituminous mixtures. In the present research, two different SMAs were produced and tested aiming to analyze the effects given by the addition of the shredded cigarette filters. The first asphalt concrete, produced with traditional cellulose fibers was taken as a reference mixture, while the experimental mixture was produced with the shredded cigarette filters. The data highlight interesting and promising results for future development, making the use of waste cigarette filters a potential eco-friendly alternative to common cellulose fibers for SMAs.

Performance Characterization of Stone Mastic Asphalt using Steel Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
◽  
H.A. Rashid ◽  
Fiona Shiong ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded hot mixture designed to provide higher resistance towards permanent deformation and rutting potential by 30% to 40% more than dense-graded asphalt, due to its stable aggregate skeleton structure. However, compared to other types of hot mix asphalt, SMA unfortunately has some shortcomings in term of its susceptibility towards moisture-induced damage due to its structure and excessive bitumen content in the composition. This research aims to assess the performance of a SMA mixture with steel fiber by enhancing overall stability, abrasion resistance, and, most importantly, moisture susceptibility. This study involved the incorporation of various steel fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by the total weight of mixture. The steel fiber modified SMA was made up of 6.0% PEN 60/70 bitumen content. The performance of SMA were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow test, Cantabro loss test and indirect tensile strength test. The results obtained from the testing showed that the incorporation of steel fiber is significantly effective to enhance the resistance towards moisture damage, while increasing the stability and reducing the abrasion loss of SMA mixture, compared to conventional mixture. Overall, it can be concluded that the addition of steel fiber in asphalt mixture specifically SMA, has improved the mechanical performance in the application of asphalt pavement with the optimum steel fiber proportion of 0.3% by the weight of mixture. The developed models between the independent variables and responses demonstrated high levels of correlation. The study found that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical method for providing an appropriate empirical model for relating parameters and predicting the optimum performance of an asphaltic mixture to reduce flexible pavement failure.

scholarly journals The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8343
Author(s):  
Ana E. Hidalgo ◽  
Fernando Moreno-Navarro ◽  
Raúl Tauste ◽  
M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Term Performance

The main characteristics of bituminous mixtures manufactured with a considerable amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), compared to conventional mixtures, are a reduction in workability, an increase in stiffness, and a loss of ductility, due to the presence of the aged bitumen contained in the RAP particles. To minimize these impacts, softer binders or rejuvenators are commonly used in the design of these mixtures in order to restore part of the ductility lost and to reduce the stiffness. In spite of previous investigations demonstrating that the mortar plays an essential role in the workability, long-term performance, and durability of bituminous mixtures (where cracking, cohesion, and adhesion problems all start at this scale), not many studies have assessed the impacts caused by the presence of RAP. In response to this, the present paper analyzes the workability, fatigue performance, and water sensitivity of bituminous mortars containing different amounts of RAP (from 0% to 100%) and rejuvenators. Mortar specimens were compacted using a gyratory compactor and studied via dynamic mechanical analysis under three point bending configuration. The results demonstrated that the presence of RAP reduces the workability and ductility of asphalt mortars. However, it also causes an increase in their stiffness, which induces a more elastic response and causes an increase in their resistance to fatigue, which could compensate for the loss of ductility. This aspect, together with the low water sensitivity shown, when using Portland cement as an active filler, would make it possible to produce asphalt materials with high RAP contents with a similar long-term mechanical performance as traditional ones. In addition, the use of rejuvenators was demonstrated to effectively correct the negative workability and ductility impacts caused by using RAP, without affecting the fatigue resistance and material adhesion/cohesion.

scholarly journals Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Skaf ◽  
Emiliano Pasquini ◽  
Víctor Revilla-Cuesta ◽  
Vanesa Ortega-López
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Electric Steelmaking ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Abrasion Loss ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the production of a porous asphalt mixture with an aggregate skeleton consisting exclusively of electric steelmaking slags (using neither natural aggregates nor fillers) is explored. The test program examines the asphalt mixtures in terms of their mechanical performance (abrasion loss and indirect tensile strength), durability (cold abrasion loss, aging, and long-term behavior), water sensitivity, skid and rutting resistance, and permeability. The results of the slag-mixes are compared with a standard mix, manufactured with siliceous aggregates and cement as filler. The porous mixes manufactured with the slags provided similar results to the conventional standard mixtures. Some issues were noted in relation to compaction difficulties and the higher void contents of the slag mixtures, which reduced their resistance to raveling. Other features linked to permeability and skid resistance were largely improved, suggesting that these mixtures are especially suitable for permeable pavements in rainy regions. In conclusion, a porous asphalt mixture was produced with 100% slag aggregates that met current standards for long-lasting and environmentally friendly mixtures.

Laboratory Evaluation of Warm Stone Matrix Asphalt Mixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4178-4181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Wen Du ◽  
Shan Shan Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Stone Matrix Asphalt ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Warm Additives

Two kinds of warm additives, Sasobit and Evotherm DAT, were used to develop warm stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture. The test results showed that compaction temperature of SMA can be decreased by 30-40°C when using Sasobit or Evotherm DAT. Then, to compare the mechanical performance properties of SMA and warm SMAs, mechanical properties of pavement mixture, including Marshall stability, retained Marshall stability, tensile strength ratio, Cantabro loss, rutting dynamic stability and low temperature flexural strength, were tested in laboratory. The results indicated that Sasobit can decrease obviously the moisture resistance ability and low temperature cracking resistance ability of SMA. Therefore, the pavement performance properties of Sasobit warm SMA are inferior to those of Evotherm DAT warm SMA, which has the nearly same performance properties as hot SMA.

scholarly journals Application of Steel Fibre to Improve the Self-Healing Mechanism of Bituminous Mixtures: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
F Shiong ◽  
E Shaffie
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fibre ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
Pavement Engineering

Abstract The self-healing mechanism of bituminous mixtures was demonstrated through several studies and was recognised for developing sustainable road pavement. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of various studies related to steel fibre as a self-healing mechanism of bituminous materials. Based on the extensive literature, it was found that steel fibre was likely to be used in the asphalt industry due to several benefits. First, the idea of using steel fibre in pavement engineering materials gives great attention to their utilisation in asphalt. It helps increase the self-healing mechanism and contribute to reducing the problem related to potholes, ravelling, slipping during raining while driving and many more. Second, this study identifies the gap of research for future research in pavement engineering. Finally, some proposals were made for the possible construction of self-healing asphalt.

Experimental Study on the Anti-Cracking Performance for Geosynthetics Overlay

2013 ◽  
Vol 838-841 ◽  
pp. 1295-1298
Author(s):  
Ya Zhen Sun ◽  
Li Bao Wang ◽  
Bao Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Bituminous Mixture ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Cracking Performance

In order to study anti-cracking performance for geosynthetics, the splitting and fatigue test of bituminous mixtures with geosynthetics and without geosythetics are carried out. The mechanical performance for tensile strength and elastic modulus of asphalt mixture are obtained through two tests. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of bituminous mixture are increased by 14.9% and 54.9% respectively. Through adding the geosynthetics overlay to achieve the purpose of retarding the development of cracks in the pavement.

Mechanical performance and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of composites based on Ag-plating cellulose micro-nano fibers and epoxy

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jin Tian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Emi Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Nano Cellulose ◽  
Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness

Abstract Mechanical and electromagnetic interference shielding composites containing Ag-plating micro-nano cellulose fibers (ANCFs) were prepared as multifunctional materials. ANCFs, as electromagnetic wave reflection filler containing micro-nano cellulose fibers (NCFs) used as the structural component to reinforce the mechanical strength and Ag enhancing electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, were prepared by electroless Ag-plating technology on NCFs surfaces. Ag coating had a thickness of 60 µm without the oxide phase detected. The incorporation of 5 wt % ANCFs into epoxy (EP) substrate yielded impact strength and flexural strength of 1.84 kJ/m2 and 41.6 MPa, which is approximately 2.4 times and 1.41 times higher than EP. The ANCFs-EP composite performed an electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of 34–25 dB at a frequency of 90 kHz in the electromagnetic wave; the EMI shielding effectiveness was improved obviously up to 34 dB, which can meet the requirement of general places.

scholarly journals Superbase-based protic ionic liquids for cellulose filament spinning

Cellulose ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Elsayed ◽  
Michael Hummel ◽  
Daisuke Sawada ◽  
Chamseddine Guizani ◽  
Marja Rissanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Spinning Process

Abstract Lyocell fibers have received increased attention during the recent years. This is due to their high potential to satisfy the rising market demand for cellulose-based textiles in a sustainable way. Typically, this technology adopts a dry-jet wet spinning process, which offers regenerated cellulose fibers of excellent mechanical properties. Compared to the widely exploited viscose process, the lyocell technology fosters an eco-friendly process employing green direct solvents that can be fully recovered with low environmental impact. N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) is a widely known direct solvent that has proven its success in commercializing the lyocell process. Its regenerated cellulose fibers exhibit higher tenacities and chain orientation compared to viscose fibers. Recently, protic superbase-based ionic liquids (ILs) have also been found to be suitable solvents for lyocell-type fiber spinning. Similar to NMMO, fibers of high mechanical properties can be spun from the cellulose-IL solutions at lower spinning temperatures. In this article, we study the different aspects of producing regenerated cellulose fibers using NMMO and relevant superbase-based ILs. The selected ILs are 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene-1-ium acetate ([DBNH]OAc), 7-methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0] dec-5-enium acetate ([mTBDH]OAc) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-enium acetate ([DBUH]OAc). All ILs were used to dissolve a 13 wt% (PHK) cellulose pulp. The study covers the fiber spinning process, including the rheological characterization of the various cellulose solutions. Moreover, we discuss the properties of the produced fibers such as mechanical performance, macromolecular properties and morphology. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Analysis of the sensitivity of the impact resonance frequency test as a tool to determine the elastic properties of bituminous materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (080) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tauste ◽  
F. Moreno-Navarro ◽  
R. Gallego ◽  
M. C. Rubio-Gámez
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bituminous Materials ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Impact Resonance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Non Destructive

The modulus value of bituminous materials is a key factor in the design of road pavements and the estimation of their life service. This parameter can be measured in laboratory but, unfortunately, this requires the deterioration of the pavement so as the consumption of time and resources. Therefore, this study analyses the feasibility of using impact resonance frequency tests as an alternative to traditional methods for determining the dynamic modulus of bituminous mixtures. The sensitivity of this technique has been studied by analyzing its repeatability and reproducibility, studying the variations in the values measured by modifying the dimensions of the specimens, test temperatures and types of mixture tested. In addition, this non-destructive technique has been compared with other traditional tests used to determine the elastic properties of bituminous materials. The results show that this test could be an interesting tool to characterize the properties and damage state of asphalt layers.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Utilizing Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate as Replacement in Asphalt binder Mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashir.A Almahdi ◽  
Abobaker G. F. Ahmeda ◽  
Ibrahim Adwan ◽  
Mohd Azizul Ladin
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Waste Polyethylene

The feasibility of utilizing waste material for road construction is encouraging as it can decrease waste material harmful to the environment. Hence, a more sustainable method and a meticulous study of the available admixtures utilized to substitute standard asphalt binders with waste material must be conducted. However, there are several concerns and doubts about the real situation arising from the chemical and physical traits, as well as the mechanical performance issuing from the integration of waste material within the asphalt pavement to alleviate roads surface's permanent deformation. This investigation was carried out to study physical improvements made on ACW-14 bitumen by adding waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) to serve as a partial replacement for bitumen content compared to normal, conventional 80/100 bitumen physical and rheological behavior. PET percentage added to the bitumen content was 10%, 8%, 6%, 4% and 2% of optimum bitumen content weight. The outcomes concluded that the best performance of bitumen on its density, VTM, VFB, flow, stability, and stiffness was achieved when 5.8% of Optimum Modified-Bitumen Content using PET. All the results obtained have been compared according to JKR Standards results, and the conclusion has fulfilled these requirements.

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